Scraptogetus, Broun, 1893, 1358

Grzymala, Traci L. & Leschen, Richard A. B., 2020, Sexual Dimorphism of New Zealand Puppet Beetles (Aderidae, Coleoptera, Tenebrionoidea): Systematic Revision, Description of Three New Genera, and Phylogeny for Zenascus, gen. n., Zootaxa 4889 (1), pp. 1-59 : 11-13

SCRAPTOGETUS Broun, 1893

Scraptogetus Broun 1893: 1357–1358 ; Hutton, 1904: 190; Pic, 1911: 7; Hudson, 1923: 385; Hudson, 1934: 204; Franciscolo, 1972: 149; Watt, 1987: 112; Lawrence et. al., 1990: 648; Leschen et al., 2003: 24; Ewers & Didham, 2008: 5427.

Type species: Scraptogetus anthracinus Broun, 1893 (by monotypy).

Metasclera Broun 1914: 198 ; Hudson, 1923: 386; Hudson, 1934: 204 [implied synonymy]; Watt, 1987:112.

Type species: Metasclera nigricans Broun 1914: 198 ; Arnett, 1950: 222.

Pseudananca Blackburn, 1893: 135 .

Type species: Pseudananca ruficollis Blackburn, 1893: 135 (by monotypy). Syn. n.

Diagnosis. The genus Scraptogetus is easily separated from most other aderid genera based on the elongate body form, the protuberant eyes without any anterior emargination, pronotum narrowed anteriorly from about the middle, the brushes of modified setae present on the metafemora of both males and females, and the complete, distinct su-ture present between abdominal ventrites 1 and 2. Members of this genus most strongly resemble the western North American species ‘ Xylophilus’ constrictus Fall. They are easily separated because ‘ Xylophilus’ constrictus has no modified setae on the metafemora whereas members of Scraptogetus have dense brushes of modified setae on the metafemora ( Figs 5 A–5D). The overall body length for members of Scraptogetus is over 2 mm whereas ‘Xylophilus’ constrictus is less than 2 mm.

Description. Large size for family, length 2.31–3.13 mm. Elongate, body about 3× longer than wide. Dorsal surface piceous to brunneous ( S. ruficollis with pronotum rufotestaceous); vestiture uniseriate, clothed with decumbent, fine, very long setae arising anterad of each puncture, without additional setae between punctures except for one seta present between every 5–7 punctures, confined to lateral and apical regions. Ventral vestiture uniseriate. Head gradually, slightly constricted posteriorly, forming slight neck. Eyes strongly protuberant, coarsely faceted, without anterior emargination, with short interfacetal setae. Antennal insertions dorso-anterad of eyes, separated from one another by width of three insertions. Frontoclypeal suture present. Antenna with scape slightly longer than broad; pedicel globular, about 0.5× width of scape; antennomere 3 elongate, longer than pedicel, with base 1/2 that of apex of pedicel; antennomeres 3–7 subequal in length; antennomere 8 slightly shorter than antennomere 7; antennomere 9 slightly shorter than antennomere 8; antennomere 10 slightly shorter than antennomere 11; antennomere 11 subequal in length to antennomere 7. Mandible bidentate. Maxilla with 3 rd palpomere 0.5× length of maxillary palpomere 2, palpomere 4 greatly expanded, width increasing about 4–7× in width from base to apex. Apical labial palpomere slightly expanded, without field of modified setae on ventral aspects. Pronotum broad to subquadrate, width slightly greater or subequal to length, pronotal width 0.5–0.6× elytral width, sides sinuate, anterior angles rounded, posterior angles rounded, basal margin greater than apical margin, disc with two deeply depressed basal fovea and deep subapical transverse sulcus. Prosternal process extremely short, apex acute. Mesonotum with slight central anterior notch, suture between mesonotum and scutellar shield distinct, straight; scutellar shield length great-er than width, posterior margin truncate, lateral apices rounded. Elytral length 2.3–2.6× elytral width, integument with deep, elliptical punctures; subscutellar depression absent; posterior margins rounded, without protrusions. Mesoventrite without procoxal rests; with small, shallow punctation. Mesanepisternum with round, shallow punctation. Mesanepisternal-mesepimeral suture present and not fused. Mesepimeron with round, shallow punctation. Mesoventral process narrow, about 0.5× width of mesocoxa. Meso-metaventral junction with mesoventrite overlapping metaventrite. Metaventrite with shallow, circular punctures, approximately evenly spaced anteriorly; discrimen distinct, with invagination. Metendosternite with moderately long lateral arms; anterior process absent; laminae well-developed; anterior process short. Profemur simple, width subequal basally, medially, and apically. Proleg with tibia gradually expanded in width apically, without apical spine; tarsomeres 1–3 subequal in width, each with ventral expansion; 1 st protarsomere 2× longer than protarsomere 2, 2 nd protarsomere 1.5× longer than protarsomere 3, protarsomere 4 reduced, 5 th protarsomere 4× longer than wide. midleg with femur simple, width subequal basally, medially, and apically; tibia slightly and gradually expanded apically; tarsomeres 1–5 subequal in width; 1 st mesotarsomere 3× longer than mesotarsomere 2; 2 nd mesotarsomere 2× longer than mesotarsomere 3; 3 rd mesotarsomere about 2× length of mesotarsomere 4; mesotarsomere 5× longer than wide. Hindleg with femur fusiform, with dense rows of thickened, modified setae on posterior-ventral apices; tibia gradually expanded in width from base to apex; tarsomere 1 elongate, length approximately 10× width; length of metatarsomere subequal to width, expanded ventrally, with adhesive, spatulate setae confined to ventral face; metatarsomere 3 reduced; metatarsomere 4 length approximately 5× width. Abdomen with ventrites 1 and 2 connate, suture indicated laterally and medially, without appressed, thick field of pubescence, length of 1 st and 2 nd ventrites combined 2× length of ventrite 3; abdominal process narrowly rounded; length of ventrites 3 and 4 subequal; shallow punctures, subequally spaced apart from one another on ventrites 1–5; ventrite 4 without an elevated plate; ventrite 5 without medial impression. Aedeagus with slight indication between phallobase and apicale; phallobase posteriorly rounded; apicale with well-developed accessory lobes, each with four setae, two long setae and two short setae; penis with anterior struts present, extending past phallobase; apex broadly rounded.

Females. Ventrite 5 without medial setiferous pit. Apex of last abdominal ventrite and tergite without serration.

Distribution. New Zealand and Australia.

Remarks. Scraptogetus keys to subfamily I and tribe 2 of Werner (1990) because males of the species have accessory lobes present on the apicale and the metafemora have modified setal brushes in both sexes. Hudson (1934: 204) indicated that Scraptogetus anthracinus Broun was synonymous with Metasclera nigricans Broun , but did not list the two genera as synonymns; though Watt (1987) did. This implied syonomy is accepted here. Scraptogetus is presently restricted to New Zealand and Australia and is the only genus in New Zealand that has a complete suture visibly separating abdominal ventrites 1 and 2. We have examined the male type specimen of Pseudananca ruficollis Blackburn , which has a complete suture visible between abdominal ventrites 1 and 2, accessory lobes present on the apicale, and the metafemora with modified setal brushes. Watt (1987:112) commented that Pseudananca “appears closely related to, but distinct from, Scraptogetus ”, distinct, referring to perhaps, the more triangulate antennomeres of the male compared to New Zealand forms. The metafemoral brushes of Pseudananca ruficollis are the same type as that of the Scraptogetus species and are almost indistinguishable from those of Scraptogetus anthracinus . This general shape and location of metafemoral setal brushes are generally conserved within aderid genera. Due to this character and the other similarities, we have chosen to synonymize Pseudananca with Scraptogetus . All three Scraptogetus species are included in the key below. ‘ Xylophilus’ constrictus Fall from Arizona and California also has the complete suture present and groups together with Scraptogetus as a monophyletic group in a preliminary molecular phylogenetic analysis ( Grzymala 2016).

Type material examined. Pseudananca ruficollis : Holotype, male (BMNH), labeled: “T 4534 / B7.M [written on cardstock] // Type [circle label] // Pseudananca / ruficollis, Blackb. [handwritten] // Blackburn / coll. / 1910–236. // PSEUDANANCA ruficollis [blue label]”.

Key to species of Scrapogetus

1. Pronotum integument coloration lighter than that of head and elytra; Australia.............. S. ruficollis ( Blackburn, 1893)

- Pronotum integument similarly colored to head and elytra; New Zealand......................................... 2

2. Elytra with long, erect setae between every 5–7 punctures, confined to lateral and apical regions; males with modified setae on metafemur as in Fig. 5A , females with modified setae on metafemur as in Fig. 5B ; New Zealand, North and South Island; Fig. 2A............................................................................ S . anthracinus Broun, 1893

- Elytra with short, decumbent setae between every 5–7 punctures, confined to lateral and apical regions; males with modified setae on metafemur as in Fig. 5C , females with modified setae on metafemur as in Fig. 5D ; New Zealand, North and South Island; Fig. 2B................................................................... S . arboreus ( Broun, 1914)

Figures

FIGURES 2A–D. Dorsal habitus images. (A) Scraptogetus anthracinus Broun, 1893; (B) Scraptogetus arboreus (Broun, 1914); (C) Transrenus thulater, gen. n. sp. n.(D) Pseudozena denticulata gen. n. sp. n. Scale bars = 1.0 mm.

FIGURES 5A–D. Scanning electron microscope images, ventral views of metafemora. (A) Scraptogetus anthracinus, male; (B) Scraptogetus anthracinus, female; (C) Scraptogetus arboreus, male (D) Scraptogetus arboreus, female. Scale bar = 30μm.