Zenascus antennalis ( Broun, 1893 ) Grzymala & Leschen, 2020

Grzymala, Traci L. & Leschen, Richard A. B., 2020, Sexual Dimorphism of New Zealand Puppet Beetles (Aderidae, Coleoptera, Tenebrionoidea): Systematic Revision, Description of Three New Genera, and Phylogeny for Zenascus, gen. n., Zootaxa 4889 (1), pp. 1-59 : 29-30

Zenascus antennalis ( Broun, 1893) , comb. n.

Figs 12A , 14F , 19A , 20F , 22A , 23F , 24B , 26D

Xylophilus antennalis Broun, 1893: 1163–1164 ; Pic, 1894: 428; Pic, 1910: 5; Hudson, 1934: 204; Maddison, 2010: 428. Hylophilus antennalis ; Pic, 1902: 6; Pic, 1905: 216, 230; Pic, 1910: 5.

Diagnosis. This species is distinguished from congeners by the shining, black integument without secondary pubescence on the elytra, brunneous femora and tibiae, the black antennal scape, antennomeres 8–11 darkened in coloration, and the modified antennae of males ( Fig. 14F ). Zenascus antennalis is most similar to Z. nitidus and Z. elenae , which all have the shining black integument. Zenascus antennalis can be separated by the brunneus femora, tibiae, and the dark coloration of antennomeres 8–11 present in both males and females. Both Z. nitidus and Z. elenae conversely have the femora, tibiae, and antennomeres 8–11 testaceous.

Description. Length 1.60–1.82 mm. Head, antennal scape, antennomeres 8–11, femora, tibiae, pronotum, and elytra piceous to brunneous; antennal pedicel, antennomeres 3–7, mouthparts, and tarsi testaceous. Dorsal integument shining, vestiture uniseriate, one decumbent, thin, long seta arising anterad of each primary puncture, length about 3× puncture length, without additional setae between each pair of punctures. Ventral vestiture biseriate. Head, HW 0.45–0.48 mm, HL 0.17–0.18 mm, with numerous deep punctures, approximately evenly spaced, covering frons and vertex, absent from base to just anterad of head constriction; impression between antennal ridge and vertex absent. Antennae with distance between antennal insertions wide, approximately equal to the diameter of five antennal insertions; alength reaching past basal ¼ of elytra when extended backward; scape longer than broad, approximately 2× length of pedicel; pedicel subglobular; antennomere 3 longer than pedicel and longer than antennomere 4; antennomeres 4–8 subequal in length; antennomere 7 with apico-anterior projection, apex of projection rounded; antennomere 8 with additional, larger apico-anterior projection, apex of projection pointed forward; antennomere 9 with small, truncate apico-anterior projection; antennomeres 9 and 10 subequal in length; antennomere 11 elongate, greater in length than any preceding antennal segment; antennomeres 3–11 covered in moderately dense suberect pubescence. Pronotum, PW 0.38–0.42 mm, PL 0.32–0.35 mm, subquadrate, width subequal to slightly greater than length, width 1.19–1.20× length; pronotal width 0.48–0.51× elytral width, pronotal width 0.84–0.88× head width; sides slightly sinuate; disc with two faint basal fovea, with slight transverse suture just anterad of center; disc with deep elongate punctures, approximately evenly spaced from one another, separated by an average of two punctural lengths. Elytra 1.69–1.71× longer than wide and 4.00–4.20× longer than pronotal length, EW 0.75–0.87 mm, EL 1.28–1.47 mm; subscutellar oblique depression slightly impressed; disc with elongate punctures, separated by an average of two punctural lengths. Proleg with tarsomere 1 approximately 2–3× longer than tarsomere 2, without a ventral short, stout spine; ventral surface of tarsomere 3 with adhesive setae. Midleg with tibia straight from base to apex. Hindleg with numerous distinct, deep punctures along posterior margin of coxa; femur with distinct lines of thickened setae on posterior face, apico-ventral impression absent; tibia gradually expanded in width from base to apex, apex inner face triangular and densely pubescent. Abdomen with lateral and medial lengths of ventrite 2 subequal; deep punctures confined to abdominal process and basal margin of ventrite 1 and present centrally on ventrites 2–4; ventrite 5 with few deep punctures scattered basally and lacking medial impression. Phallobase broadly rounded anteriorly and without clear delimitation between phallobase and apicale, fused medially and laterally; apicale posteriorly narrowly acute, accessory lobes present, short and thickened, width about ½× length, and curved inward towards apex, with four short setae, two on inner lateral surface, one on outer lateral surface, one at apex; penis with anterior struts elongate, extending slightly past phallobase.

Females. Distance between antennal insertions wide, approximately equal to diameter of three antennal insertions; scape slightly longer than wide; pedicel subglobular; antennomere 3 thinner and subequal in length to pedicel; antennomere 4 subequal in width and slightly longer than antennomere 3; antennomere 5 subequal in width and slightly shorter than antennomere 4; antennomere 6 slightly wider than antennomere 5; antennomere 7 slightly wid-er than 6, inner apex slightly produced; antennomeres 8–10 subsequently expanding in width, subequal in length, forming a distinctive club; antennomere 11 subequal in width and 3× length of antennomere 10.

Remarks. This is Broun species 2063, which was based on a single specimen from Paparoa, near Howick ( Broun 1893). The holotype was confirmed in the BMNH.

Natural history. This is a relatively rare and localized North Island species known from seven specimens. This species has been collected on foliage and using Malaise traps. It has also been collected by beating Melicytus ramiflorus and Corynocarpus laevigatus J.R. & G. Forst.

Distribution. North Island : Auckland (AK), Coromandel (CL).

Type material examined. Holotype, female ( BMNH): “2063 // Paparoa // New Zealand / Broun Coll. / Brit. Mus. / 1922-482 // HOLOTYPE [male symbol] / “ Xylophilus ” / antennalis / Broun / det. J.C. Watt / 1985”.

Figures

FIGURES 12A–E. Dorsal habitus images. (A) Zenascus antennalis (Broun), male; (B) Zenascus xenarthrus (Broun), male; (C) Zenascus roberti sp. n., male; (D) Zenascus luniger (Champion), male; (E) Zenascus incensum sp. n., male. Scale bars = 1.0 mm.

FIGURES 14A–J. Antennal illustrations for Zenascus species, male on left, female on right.(A) Z. coloratus; (B) Z. obscurus; (C) Z. aurum, sp. n.; (D) Z. nitidus; (E) Z. elenae, sp. n.; (F) Z. antennalis; (G) Z. xenarthrus; (H) Z. roberti, sp. n.; (I) Z. luniger; (J) Z. incensum, sp. n. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

FIGURES 19A–E. Scanning electron microscope images, Zenascus species, elytron, dorsal view. (A) Z. antennalis; (B) Z. xenarthrus; (C) Z. roberti, sp. n.; (D) Z. luniger; (E) Z. incensum, sp. n. Scale bars = 10μm.

FIGURES 20A–J. Scanning electron microscope images, ventral view of metafemora for Zenascus species. (A) Z. coloratus, male; (B) Z. obscurus, male; (C) Z. aurum, sp. n., male; (D) Z. nitidus, female; (E) Z. elenae, sp. n., male; (F) Z. antennalis, female; (G) Z. xenarthrus, male; (H) Z. roberti, sp. n., male; (I) Z. luniger, male; (J) Z. incensum, sp. n., male. Scale bars = 60μm.

FIGURES 22A–E. Abdominal ventrite illustrations for Zenascus species showing generalized punctation pattern. (A) Z. antennalis, male; (B) Z. xenarthrus, male; (C) Z. roberti, sp. n., male; (D) Z. luniger, male; (E) Z. incensum, sp. n., male.

FIGURES 23A–J. Male genitalia illustrations for Zenascus species. (A) Z. coloratus; (B) Z. obscurus; (C) Z. aurum, sp. n.; (D) Z. nitidus; (E) Z. elenae, sp. n.; (F) Z. antennalis; (G) Z. xenarthrus; (H) Z. roberti, sp. n.; (I) Z. luniger; (J) Z. incensum, sp. n.

FIGURES 24A–F. Scanning electron micrographs of gland pores on metafemur of Zenascus spp. (A) Z. aurum, sp. n.; (B) Z. antennalis; (C) Z. xenarthrus; (D) Z. roberti, sp. n.; (E) Z. luniger; (F) Z. incensum, sp. n. Scale bars = 2μm.

FIGURES 26A–D. Distribution maps. (A) Scraptogetus anthracinus, (B) Scraptogetus arboreus, (C) Transrenus thulater, sp. n. and Pseudozena denticulata, sp. n., and (D) Zenascus antennalis.