Alaptus iceryae Riley, 1889

Serguei V. Triapitsyn, 2017, Revision of Alaptus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in the Holarctic region, with taxonomic notes on some extralimital species, Zootaxa 4279 (1), pp. 1-92 : 27-32

Alaptus iceryae Riley, 1889

( Figs 46–58 )

Alaptus iceryae Riley 1889: 86 + plate XI, fig. 3. Type locality (of the lectotype designated here): an unidentified locality in California, USA.

Alaptus iceryae Riley : Girault 1908: 186 –187 (history, redescription), 193–194 (key); Girault 1910: 240 –243 (redescription based on specimens of both sexes from Centralia, Illinois, USA [as A. iceryae ]); Girault 1929: 10 (key); Soyka 1939b: 31 (list [as A. iceryae (Girault) ]); Peck 1963: 28 (catalog); De Santis 1979: 362 (catalog).

Alaptus priesneri Soyka 1950: 122 –123. Type locality: Beni Suef, Beni Suef Governorate, Egypt. Syn. n.

Alaptus priesneri Soyka : Viggiani & Jesu 1988: 1020 (distribution and host association in Italy); Pagliano & Navone 1995: 35 (list); Viggiani 2005: 61 –62 (illustration and description of male genitalia); Huber et al. 2009: 271 (list).

Type material examined. A. iceryae Riley : lectotype female [USNM], here designated to define this species properly and to avoid any ambiguity regarding the status of the type specimens, on a short slide ( Fig. 47 ) labeled: 1. “ Alaptus iceriae Riley 1♀ 42 [in pencil] Cat. No. 11938 Bred from ♂ pupa of Icerya purchasii . Aug. 22, 1887.”, 2. [red] “ Alaptus iceriae Riley Type No. 11938 U.S.N.M.”, 3. [on the underside, USNM barcode] “USNMENT 01025124”. The lectotype ( Fig. 46 ) is in fair condition, complete (one hind wing is detached from the body), mounted more or less dorsoventrally. Paralectotypes [all on slides, USNM]: 1 ♂: 1. “ Alaptus iceriae . Riley 1♂ Bred from Aspidiotus convexus Nov. 28, 1887 ”, 2. [red] “Type No. 11938 U.S.N.M.”; 1 ♂: “ Alaptus icerae Riley 1 ♂ 11938 29 [in pencil] Bred from ♂ pupa of Icerya purchasii August 14, 1887.”; 1 ♂: same data except “ Aug. 4, 1887 ” and “32” [in pencil]; 1 ♀: “♂. n. g. Mymarinae [crossed out] Alaptus icerae Riley ♀ 11937 33 [in pencil] Bred from ♂ pupa of Icerya purchasii . July 19, 1887.”; 1 ♂: 1. “ Alaptus icerae Riley 1 ♂ 39 [in pencil] Bred from ♂ pupa of Icerya purchasi . Aug. 25, 1887.”, 2. [red] “Type No. 11938 U.S.N.M.”; 1 ♂: 1. “ Alaptus icerae Riley 1 ♂ 40 Cat. 11938 Bred from Icerya purchasi . Maskell Oct. 4, 1887.”, 2. [red] “Type No. 11938 U.S.N.M.”; 1 ♂: “n. g. Mymarinae [crossed out] 11938 33 [in pencil] Alaptus icerae Riley ♂ From ♂ pupa of Icerya purchasii . May 24, 1887. No. 122 (Coquillett.)”.

A. priesneri Soyka : holotype female of [NHMW] on slide ( Fig. 51 ) labeled: 1. “ Alaptus ♀ priesneri Soyka 1.XI.31.”; 2. [red] “Type”; 3. “EGYPT Beni Suef on Acacia arabica with Cerop. africanus ”; 4. [W. Soyka’s slide number] “1159”. The holotype ( Fig. 50 ), collected by H. Priesner ( Soyka 1950), is in fair condition, complete, mounted laterally; it is mounted under the same coverslip with another female, which is probably an aberrant specimen of A. priesneri that might be either naturally wingless (although that is unlikely) or, far more likely, just lacking the wings due to poor handling.

Material examined. BERMUDA [ISLANDS]: Bermuda Island, Southampton Parish, 4 Munro Lane, 16– 24.x.2001, J. & M. Munro [1 ♀, UCRC]. ISRAEL: Nahshonim [Kibbutz], 7.vii.1987, D. Hadar (from psocid eggs on avocado) [1 ♀, CNC]. Yizrael, 31.x.1972, A. Belinsky (from fruit galls on Prosopis sp.) [1 ♀, DEZA]. [No other data except] “Israel No. 152” [11 ♀, 1 ♂, UCRC] (determined as Alaptus sp. by D. Rosen in 1969). [No data], J. Halperin [1 ♀, DEZA]. ITALY: CAMPANIA, Napoli Prov., Portici, 25.xi.1982, G. Viggiani (from eggs of Psocoptera on olive) [5 ♀, 1 ♂, DEZA] (det. by G. Viggiani). USA: CALIFORNIA: Fresno Co., Parlier, 9.ix.1973 (suction trap in citrus tree) [2 ♀, EMEC]. Los Angeles Co., Monrovia, 18.i.1916 (California State Insectary No. 1505) [1 ♂, EMEC]. Riverside Co., Riverside: 16.ix.1933, S.E. Flanders [1 ♂, EMEC]; 8798 Brunswick Ave., 12.xii.1972, W. White (from “?psocid eggs”) [1 ♀, 1 ♂, UCRC]; UCR campus: 19.x.1984, H. Nadel [1 ♀, CNC]; 1–15.xi.1984, J. LaSalle [1 ♀, CNC]; 25.xi.1984, D. Powell (from colony of Psocoptera in greenhouse) [2 ♀, 2 ♂, CNC]; 26.viii–3.ix.1993, A. Flores (on citrus in insectary) [4 ♀, 15 ♂, UCRC]; 16.i.1996, D. Powell (on potatoes in quarantine culture) [3 ♀, UCRC]. San Joaquin Co., Lodi, R. Mondavi Vineyard, 21.vi.1995, K.M. Daane (from grape leaves) [1 ♀, UCRC]. Tulare Co., Farmersville, 26.iv.2001, S.A. Steffan (on nectarine infested with bark lice) [1 ♀, 3 ♂, UCRC]. DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA, Washington, 5.ix.1944, H.S. Barber (“Floated in dish under microscope In U.S.N.M. laboratory” [1 ♀, USNM] (misidentified by A.B. Gahan as A. globosicornis ). FLORIDA, 10.vii.1907, E.A. Back (“Morrill No. 513 Bred from a coronata”) [2 ♂, USNM]. ILLINOIS: Centralia, 27.viii.1909, [A.A. Girault] [1 ♂, USNM]. Champaign Co., Urbana, 18.ix.1941, K.M. Sommerman (“With Liposcelis divinatorius (Müll) In Greenhouse N.H.S. [i.e., Natural History Survey”]) [1 ♀, USNM] (misidentified by A.B. Gahan as A. globosicornis ). NEW YORK, Yates Co.: Dresden, Taylor Vineyard (Ridge Rd.), 15.viii.1995, T. Martinson (on hybrid grape, Castel variety) [1 ♀, UCRC]. Italy, Erickson Vineyard (Friend Rd.), 30.viii.1995, T. Martinson (on wild grape, Vitis riparia ) [1 ♀, UCRC]. SOUTH CAROLINA, Clemson, Clemson University (as Clemson [Agricultural] College), 27.vi.1934, O.L. Cartwright (“Crawling on desk”) [1 ♀, USNM]. TEXAS, Hidalgo Co., Weslaco, iv.1951, P.T. Richard (“from Rhodes grass clumps”) [1 ♀, 1 ♂, USNM] (misidentified by B.D. Burks as A. globosicornis ). VIRGINIA, Fairfax Co., Annandale, ix.1983, H.F. Painter (“ Peromyscus nest”) [7 ♀, USNM].

Extralimital material examined. HAWAIIAN ISLANDS: USA, HAWAII, Oahu Island, Honolulu , 4.xii [year unknown] (from psocid eggs) [9 ♀, 5 ♂, UCRC] . MEXICO: JALISCO, Ejutla , 9.ix.2015, G. Moya-Raygoza (on Zea mays ssp. parviglumis ) [1 ♂, UCRC] . [Locality unknown], intercepted at Nogales border crossing (Santa Cruz Co., Arizona , USA), 21.viii.1934 (“ Within calyx of pomegranate from Mexico ” [1 ♀, USNM] . PERU: PIURA, Chapairá , 22.viii.1910, “T.” [1 ♀, 1 ♂, USNM] .

Redescription. FEMALE (lectotype). Body dark brown, appendages brownish.

Antenna ( Fig. 48 ) shorter than body; scape (including radicle) 4.0× as long as wide, almost smooth; funicle short, F1 shorter than pedicel and the shortest funicle segment, F2 just slightly longer and about 1.5× as long as wide, F3–F5 a little longer, F5 the widest funicle segment; clava 3.5× as long as wide, apparently with 4 mps, a little longer than combined length of F2–F5.

Fore wing ( Fig. 49 ) 11.1× as long as wide; disc slightly infumate and bare except for 1 seta in middle between the admarginal rows; longest marginal seta about 5.9× maximum wing width. Hind wing ( Fig. 49 ) 20× as long as wide; disc with 1 row of setae closer to posterior margin; longest marginal seta about 7.3× maximum wing width.

Ovipositor ( Fig. 46 ) not exserted beyond apex of gaster, occupying about 0.5× its length, and 0.9× length of metatibia.

Measurements of the lectotype (µm). Body 357; head 85; mesosoma 115; gaster 155; ovipositor 97. Antenna: scape (including radicle) 73; pedicel 35; F1 13; F2 14; F3 18; F4 21; F5 22; clava 85. Fore wing 300:27; longest marginal seta 160. Hind wing 300:15; longest marginal seta 109.

Variation. Paralectotype: body length 314 µm; clava 3.3× as long as wide; ovipositor 1.0× length of metatibia. Non-type specimens from USA: body length 260–400 µm; scape 2.7–4.2× as long as wide; clava 2.9–3.0× as long as wide, sometimes about as long as funicle; fore wing 10.0–10.1× as long as wide, disc with 0, 1 or 2 setae in a median row; ovipositor 0.9–1.0× length of metatibia. Holotype of A. priesneri ( Fig. 50 ) and non-type specimens from Israel ( Fig. 53 ): body length 260–360 µm; clava sometimes about as long as funicle; fore wing 9.0–10.0× as long as wide, disc with 0, 1 or 2 setae in a median row; ovipositor 0.9–1.0× length of metatibia.

MALE (paralectotypes). Body length 250–360 µm. Similar to female except for normal sexually dimorphic features and the following. Antenna ( Figs 55, 57 ) with scape about 4.0× as long as wide; flagellar segments short, Fl much shorter than pedicel, F2 either about as long as wide or slightly longer than wide, notably shorter than F1 or F3. Fore wing ( Figs 55, 58 ) 9.4–9.5× as long as wide; disc without or with 1 seta in the middle. Gaster at most a little longer than mesosoma; genitalia ( Fig. 56 ) length 64–67 µm.

Variation. Non-type specimens from USA: body length 250–380 µm; antenna with scape 4.2–4.4× as long as wide, fore wing 8.9–10.0× as long as wide, disc with 0, 1 or 2 setae in a median row; genitalia length 66–73 µm. Non-type specimen from Israel: body length 375 µm; antenna with scape 4.2× as long as wide and F2 about as long as wide ( Fig. 54 ); genitalia length 69 µm.

Diagnosis. See that of A. nowickii Ghesquière. Alaptus iceryae is also similar to both the New World A. eriococci and Palaearctic A. schmitzi Soyka from which it differs in having a subquadrate F1 of the female antenna, as indicated in the key.

Distribution. Nearctic: Bermuda * and USA; Palaearctic: Egypt, Israel *, and Italy ( Viggiani & Jesu 1988; Viggiani 2005) [as A. priesneri ]; Neotropical: The Antilles [sic] and Peru ( De Santis 1979) as well as Mexico *; Oceania: Hawaiian Islands* ( USA: Hawaii).

Hosts. Unidentified Psocoptera in Italy ( Viggiani & Jesu 1988); in the USA, Liposcelis divinatoria (Müller) (Liposcelididae) .

Comments. In some female specimens from the Palaearctic region, F3 and F4 are somewhat relatively shorter (not as notably longer than wide) than in those from the Nearctic region; thus, the proposed synonymy of A. priesneri under A. iceryae may need to be tested using molecular methods once freshly preserved specimens of both nominal species become available.

Figures

FIGURES 46 – 49. Alaptus iceryae ♀ (lectotype). 46, habitus; 47, slide; 48, antenna; 49, wings.

FIGURES 50 – 52. Alaptus iceryae ♀ (holotype of A. priesneri). 50, habitus; 51, slide; 52, antennae.

FIGURES 53 – 54. Alaptus iceryae (Israel). 53, ♀ habitus; 54, pedicel and F 1 – F 6 of ♂ antenna.

FIGURES 55 – 58. Alaptus iceryae ♂ (paralectotype). 55, habitus; 56, genitalia; 57, antenna; 58, fore wing.