Callimoxys fuscipennis (LeConte, 1861) Hammond, H. E. James & Williams, Daryl J., 2011

Hammond, H. E. James & Williams, Daryl J., 2011, A Revision of the GenusCallimoxysKraatz (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in America North of Mexico and Review of World Species, The Coleopterists Bulletin 65 (3), pp. 246-289 : 276-279

Callimoxys fuscipennis (LeConte, 1861) , new status

( Figs. 1 , 5B , 6C, 6H , 7E–F , 8E–F , 10D , 13 )

Stenopterus fuscipennis LeConte, 1861: 356 Callimoxys fuscipennis Leng 1886: 30

Material Examined. 983 females, 1,500 males.

Holotype. Female ( MCZ), examined; labeled “ S. Mateo, type 3891, Callimoxys fuscipennis, MCZT _3891”.

Type Locality. San Mateo, California.

Diagnosis. This species is separated from other Callimoxys species by the following combination of characters: gena long; eye oriented obliquely; eye deeply sinuate posteriorly; lower eye lobe moderately long and laterally flat; pronotum with shallow subapical sulcus, slightly longer than wide, with a single pair of moderately elevated, longitudinal, dorsolateral tuberosities; elytra long, dehiscing in basal third; abdominal punctation almost contiguous, pubescence dense, often obscuring surface; apical margin of tergite VIII deeply emarginate to almost bilobed; median lobe of aedeagus pointed with ventral lobe long; tegmen apical apophyses laterally narrow and gradually converging toward apex.

Redescription. Male. Similar to C. sanguinicollis except for the following: Length: 7–11 mm (n = 32). Color: Pronotum usually solid black, rarely with part of dorsal tubercles lighter. Pro- and mesofemur variably colored from wholly dark brown or black to club dark and pedicel lighter. Pro- and mesotibia in most specimens brown to black with basal 1/4 yellow, to wholly dark; tarsi bicolored light brown with apex darker to entirely light brown. Metatibia yellow, some specimens with apical 1/3 light brown. Head: Moderately broad across eyes (HW/ PW = 0.90–1.00). Interocular distance wide (ID/ HW = 0.27–0.33). Labrum truncate to broadly emarginate, setae in one apical and one sub-basal row, sub-basal row partial in some specimens; clypeus evenly but sparsely punctate, some specimens slightly less punctate medially than laterally. Neck moderately wide (NW/ HW = 0.53–0.75). Clypeus and genae long (GL/ FH = 0.28–0.37). Apical portion of gula with large, shallow punctures, occasionally appearing somewhat rugulose. Eyes oriented obliquely, eye moderately wide ( TEL / EH = 0.70–0.86); upper eye lobe short (UEL/ TEL = 0.42–0.53), lower eye lobe short ( LEL / ELW = 0.19–0.30), height subequal to length (LEH/ LEL = 0.99–1.21), with long posterior sinuation ( TEL / LEL = 1.27–1.62), lower eye lobes ventrally long (VEL/ PGC = 0.51–0.77). Antennae: Overall length reaching apex of elytra, ≥3/4 of total body length (TAL/ TL = 0.66–0.92). Antennomere 1 length about 3X width (A1L/ A1W = 2.83–3.33); antennomere 3 long, ≥3/4 length of antennomere 1 (A3L/A1L = 0.68–1.07); antennomeres 4 and 5 subequal to antennomere 1 (A4L/ A1L = 0.83–1.24; A5L/A5W = 0.77–1.24); antennomere 5 ≥4.5X longer than wide (A5L/A5W = 4.50–5.73); antennomere 9>3.5X longer than wide (A9L/A9W = 3.63–4.67); antennomere 10 ≥3.2X longer than wide (A10L/A10W = 3.21–4.20); antennomere 11>4X longer than wide (A11L/ A11W = 4.07–5.08). Antennal formula: 0.092 – 0.137: 0.019 –0.024: 0.074 –0.099: 0.095 –0.122: 0.106 –0.132: 0.090 –0.106: 0.093 –0.106: 0.087 – 0.098: 0.085 –0.097: 0.077 –0.089: 0.087 –0.104. Apical 4 antennomeres ovoid in cross section at midlength. Pronotum : Width shorter than length ( PW / PL = 0.90–0.98), much narrower than base of elytra ( PW / ELW = 0.76–0.86), and about 1/3 length of elytra ( PL / ELL = 0.31–0.34). Subapical collar reduced. Pronotal width across apical sulcus moderately broad (PAS/ PW = 0.74–0.84), with apical sulcus shallowly impressed. Length of basal transverse marginal depression subequal in length to apical depression. Dorsally with 1 pair of sublateral tubercles, moderately elevated and rounded; some specimens with a linear, median, basally punctate, elevated area between tubercles, sometimes narrowed to form a keel. Pronotal height across posterior tubercles short ( PD / ELW = 0.40–0.55). Pronotum laterally with longitudinally oriented slightly protuberant tubercle. Posteroventral area of pronotum with rugose carina fused to posterior portion of the lateral tubercle, or separated from it by a shallow groove and forming the margin of the tubercle. Sternum : Prosternum short (PSL/ PL = 0.21–0.44), subapical collar slightly elevated. Mesocoxal process moderately wide ( MSD / ELW = 0.16–0.24), apex slightly to deeply emarginate. Metepisternal punctation double; smaller and larger punctures, both shallow, evenly impressed to apical margin slightly raised, slightly transverse to circular, separated by 0.5–1.0X diameter of puncture throughout; pubescence white to golden, double, with longer erect hairs and smaller depressed hairs that partially obscure surface. Metasternum short ( LMT / ELW = 0.57–0.71), punctures medium to small, moderately deep, oval to transverse, separated by ≥1X puncture diameter. Elytra : Elytra moderately long ( ELL / ELW = 2.50–2.82) leaving ±2 apical abdominal tergites exposed, dehiscing from basal 1/3 (ELD/ ELL = 0.16–0.40), apical half narrow, apex rounded to pointed; pubescence in basal 1/3 erect to semi-erect, dense. Scutellum : Emarginate to bilobed, with dense, long, white, depressed pubescence. Wings: Wings infumate, slightly darker from base to apical 1/3, darkly infumate along veins RA1+2, RA3+4, r4, MP1 +2 and rp-mp2; veins r3 and RP greatly developed; vein r4 dark along entire length. Legs: Protrochanter strongly pointed. Profemur with apical club ≥half the length of the profemur, punctation double, with large and small, moderately deep, circular punctures. Protarsomere 1 filiform, ≤1.8X as long as wide (Pt1L/Pt1W = 1.29–1.85), about 2/3 length of protarsomeres 2+3 (Pt1L/Pt2L+Pt3L = 0.57–0.71); protarsomere 2 goblet-shaped, sides widened abruptly beyond base, length ≤3/4 width (Pt2L/Pt2W = 0.68–0.86); protarsomere 3 bilobed, symmetrical, lobes equal length but posterior lobe slightly thicker, length subequal to width (Pt3L/Pt3W = 0.90–1.09). Mesofemur short (MSL/ ELW = 0.92–1.49), with apical club less than half length of mesofemur ( MSCL / MSL = 0.38–0.48), apical club ≥2X as long as wide ( MSCL / MSCW = 1.96–2.34), club punctation dense on anterior club face, punctation double, with large and small, moderately deep, circular punctures. Mesotarsomere 1 filiform, about 2.3X as long as wide (Ms1L/Ms1W = 1.88–2.92), about 3/4 length of mesotarsomeres 2+3 (Ms1L/Ms2L+ Ms3L = 0.66–0.86); mesotarsomere 2 goblet-shaped, sides widened abruptly beyond base, length ≤ width (Ms2L/Ms2W = 0.76–1.00); mesotarsomere 3 bilobed, asymmetrical, anterior lobe slightly longer and thicker, length subequal to width (Ms3L/ Ms3W = 0.96–1.30). Metafemur moderately long ( MTL / ELW = 1.78–2.02), pedicel long, with apical club just over 1/3 length of the metafemur ( MTCL / MTL = 0.31–0.48), apical club ≥2X as long as wide ( MTCL / MTCW = 2.05–2.43), pedicel with large and small transverse, shallow to moderately deep, relatively sparse punctures; club usually with punctation coarser and denser on anterior club face, with large and small transverse and circular punctures with elevated anterior margins that range from shallow to deep on anterior and posterior club faces. Metatarsomere 1 filiform,>3X as long as wide (Mt1L/Mt1W = 3.13–4.00), slightly longer than metatarsomeres 2+3 (Mt1L/Mt2L+Mt3L = 1.03–1.30); metatarsomere 2 triangular, sides widened evenly beyond base, slightly longer than wide (Mt2L/Mt2W = 1.05–1.50); metatarsomere 3 bilobed, asymmetrical, anterior lobe longer and thicker, length subequal to width (Mt3L/Mt3W = 0.96–1.17). Abdomen: First abdominal segment moderately short ( ASL / ELW = 0.66–0.82), distinctly shorter than next two segments combined; segment 4 about 3/4 length of segment 3. Segments 1–4 densely punctate and pubescent, surface of sternum obscured. Segment 5 shorter than segment 4, broadly trapezoidal, apical margin broadly sinuate with margin elevated, punctation and sculpture similar to previous segments; dense field of long posteriomedially directed hairs laterally, forming a line or brush of transverse setae along posterior sternal margin; microsculpture transverse laterally effaced medially. Genitalia: Tergite VIII apically broad, lateral margins slightly sinuate; apical margin emarginate to bilobed, with a combination of long and short pubescence. Sternite VIII and spiculum ventrale with basal arms short, ≤length of lateral arms, apex broadly rounded to truncate. Posterior ring of tegmen with lateral arms narrow basally in lateral view. Tegmen apical apophyses moderately wide basally and evenly converge towards apex, in lateral view. Median lobe with apical region ≤length to the basal apophyses; the apex oriented obliquely appearing elongate and pointed in lateral view, ventral lobe much longer and more angulate than dorsal lobe; ventral lobe elongate and pointed in dorsal view. Spicules of the internal sac capitate, variable in size, and oriented into transverse oblique rows .

Female. Similar to male, except as follows: Length: 9–12.5 mm (n = 31). Color: Pronotum orange with apical and basal margins black in most specimens, some specimens completely orange, rarely completely black. Head: Narrow across eyes (HW/ PW = 0.84–0.93). Interocular distance moderately wide (ID/ HW = 0.30–0.39). Labrum truncate to broadly emarginated, setae in one apical and one sub-basal row, sub-basal row partial in some specimens; clypeus evenly but sparsely punctate, some specimens slightly less punctate medially than laterally. Neck wide (NW/ HW = 0.59–0.76). Front and genae long (GL/ FH = 0.31–0.42). Apical portion of gula not rugulose. Eyes oriented obliquely, eye moderately wide ( TEL / EH = 0.72–0.82); upper eye lobe short (UEL/ TEL = 0.41–0.47); lower eye lobe short ( LEL / ELW = 0.17–0.27), height subequal to length (LEH/ LEL = 0.96–1.20), with long posterior sinuation ( TEL / LEL = 1.28–1.58), lower eye lobes ventrally long (VEL/ PGC = 0.50–0.63). Antennae: Overall length almost reaching apex of elytra, ≤2/3 of total body length (TAL/ TL = 0.57–0.70). Antennomere 1 length about 3X width (A1L/A1W = 2.69–3.33); antennomere 3 short, ≤3/4 length of antennomere 1 (A3L/A1L = 0.66– 0.77); antennomere 4 shorter than antennomere 1 (A4L/A1L = 0.81–0.97); antennomere 5 subequal to antennomere 1 (A5L/A5W = 0.78–1.09); antennomere 5 ≥4.3X longer than wide (A5L/A5W = 4.35–5.57); antennomere 9 ≥3X longer than wide (A9L/A9W = 2.9–3.58); antennomere 10 about 3X longer than wide (A10L/A10W = 2.63–3.29); antennomere 11 about 3.5X longer than wide (A11L/ A11W = 3.05–4.20). Antennal formula: 0.111 – 0.144: 0.020 –0.027: 0.078 –0.110: 0.101 –0.137: 0.112 –0.130: 0.088 –0.102: 0.087 –0.099: 0.074 – 0.090: 0.077 –0.092: 0.067 –0.084: 0.079 –0.097. Pronotum: Width subequal to length ( PW / PL = 0.94–1.08), much narrower than base of elytra ( PW / ELW = 0.75–0.88), and about 1/3 length of elytra ( PL / ELL = 0.30–0.33). Pronotal width across apical sulcus moderately broad (PAS/ PW = 0.78– 0.87). Pronotal height across posterior tubercles short ( PD / ELW = 0.45–0.54). Pronotal microsculpture absent on most of dorsal surface. Sternum: Prosternum short (PSL/ PL = 0.21–0.44). Mesocoxal process moderately wide ( MSD / ELW = 0.19–0.27). Metasternum moderately short ( LMT / ELW = 0.53–0.77). Elytra: Elytra moderately long ( ELL / ELW = 2.52–2.86), dehiscing from basal 1/3 (ELD/ ELL = 0.15–0.37). Legs: Profemur with transverse microsculpture somewhat effaced on petiole, absent on club. Protarsomere 1 filiform, ≤1.7X as long as wide (Pt1L/Pt1W = 1.15–1.73), about 2/3 length of protarsomeres 2+3 (Pt1L/Pt2L+ Pt3L = 0.54–0.70); protarsomere 2 length ≥2/3 width (Pt2L/Pt2W = 0.61–0.90); protarsomere 3 length subequal to width (Pt3L/Pt3W = 0.85–1.11). Mesofemur short (MSL/ ELW = 0.89–1.22), with apical club usually less than half length of mesofemur ( MSCL / MSL = 0.40–0.61), apical club ≥2X as long as wide ( MSCL / MSCW = 1.86–2.60), transverse microsculpture somewhat effaced on petiole, absent on club. Mesotarsomere 1 filiform, about 2X as long as wide (Ms1L/Ms1W = 1.83–2.25), ≥3/4 length of mesotarsomeres 2+3 (Ms1L/Ms2L+ Ms3L = 0.73–0.91); mesotarsomere 2 length <width (Ms2L/Ms2W = 0.67–0.94); mesotarsomere 3 length subequal to width (Ms3L/Ms3W = 0.96– 1.19). Metafemur moderately long ( MTL / ELW = 1.63–1.97), apicalclubjustover 1/3lengthofthefemur ( MTCL / MTL = 0.30–0.47), apical club ≥2X as long as wide ( MTCL / MTCW = 1.86–2.59), transverse microsculpture somewhat effaced on petiole, absent on club. Metatarsomere 1 filiform, ≥3X as long as wide (Mt1L/Mt1W = 3.00–4.06), slightly longer than metatarsomeres 2+3 (Mt1L/Mt2L+Mt3L = 0.98–1.34); metatarsomere 2 slightly longer than wide (Mt2L/Mt2W = 1.05–1.41); metatarsomere 3 slightly longer than wide (Mt3L/Mt3W = 1.00– 1.23). Abdomen: First abdominal segment short ( ASL / ELW = 0.68–0.80). Segment 5 apical margin broadly sinuate with margin elevated .

Hosts. Ceanothus sp. , Ceanothus crassifolius Torr. (hoaryleaf ceanothus), based on specimen label data. Ceanothus thyrsiflorus Eschsch. (blueblossom), Ceanothus integerrimus Hook. & Arn. (deer brush), Lithocarpus densiflora (Hook. and Arn) (tanoak), Quercus sp. , Quercus agrifolia Nee (California live oak), Quercus douglasii Hook. and Arn (blue oak), Quercus kelloggii Newberry (California black oak), Toxicodendron diversiloba (Torr. and A. Gray) Greene (Pacific poison oak) (Linsley and Chemsak 1997).

Flower and Associated Vegetation Records. Achillea millefolium L. (yarrow), Adenostoma fasciculatus Hook. and Arn. (chamise), Arctostaphylos sp. (manzanita), Calochortus sp. (lily), Ceanothus sp. , Ceanothus cordulatus Kellogg (mountain whitethorn), C. crassifolius , Ceanothus incanus Torr. A. Gray (coast whitethorn), C. integerrimus , Ceanothus parviflorus (S. Wats.) (littleleaf ceanothus), Ceanothus velutinus Dougl. ex. Hook. (snowbrush), Cercocarpus betuloides Nutt. (California mountain mahogany), Conium maculatum L. (poison hemlock), Cornus glabrata Benth. (brown dogwood), Cornus nuttallii Audobon (Pacific dogwood), Crataegus sp. (hawthorn), Eriogonum sp. (wild buckwheat), Heracleum lanatum Michx. (cow parsnip), Holodiscus discolor (Pursh) Maxim. (ocean spray), Pinus jeffreyi Balf. (Jeffrey pine), Phacelia sp. (phacelia), Physocarpus sp. (ninebark), Prosopis sp. (mesquite), Prunus demissa (Nutt.) Torr. (choke cherry), Prunus emarginata (Dougl. ex. Hook.) Eaton (bitter cherry), Ptelea crenulata (hoptree), Quercus garryana Douglas ex. Hook. (Garry oak), Rhamnus sp. (buckthorn), Rhamnus californica Eschsch. (California buckthorn), Rhus sp. (sumac), Toxicodendron sp. (poison oak), based on specimen label data.

Remarks. This species is clearly distinct from C. sanguinicollis , and is more similar to the European C. gracilis . The shape of abdominal tergite VIII, the narrower tegmen, and the different shape of the median lobe are unique to this species.

LeConte’ s type specimen of C. fuscipennis from San Mateo is atypical in that it is a female with a wholly black pronotum, the head and prothorax narrow, the metathorax and abdomen wide, and the apical margin of abdominal segment 4 with a small median process. We agree with an assertion made by Casey (1924) that C. fuscipennis tends to be structurally variable throughout its geographic range, with pronotal and femur coloration, thoracic and abdominal pubescence, and length of mesofemoral club showing variation. These differences, however, showed no clear phenotypic patterns, and often individuals within the same series varied. This species seems to have a very diverse host range and many different flower records. Genetic examination from a range of locations may indicate several cryptic species. This species ranges from northern Washington, south into Mexico, and although the host plants for this species range into southern British Columbia, we could not confirm the presence of this species in Canada (Bousquet 1991).

Figures

Fig. 1. Geographic distribution of Callimoxys spp. in North America.

Fig. 5. Elytra in dorsal view of adult female Callimoxys spp. A) C. pinorum, B) C. fuscipennis, C) C. ocularis, D) C. nigrinis.

Fig. 6. Pronota (A–G), metafemora (H–I), and apical antennomeres (J–K) of male Callimoxys spp. A) C. sanguinicollis, B) C. pinorum, C and H) C. fuscipennis, D and J) C. ocularis, E and K) C. nigrinis, F and I) C. gracilis, G) C. retusifer.

Fig. 7. Lateral and dorsal views of the heads of male Callimoxys spp. A–B) C. sanguinicollis, C–D) C. pinorum, E–F) C. fuscipennis, G–H) C. ocularis, I–J) C. nigrinis, K–L) C. gracilis.

Fig. 8. Abdominal sternites of male Callimoxys spp. A–B) C. sanguinicollis, C–D) C. pinorum, E–F) C. fuscipennis, G–H) C. ocularis, I–J) C. nigrinis, K–L) C. gracilis.

Fig. 10. Hindwing venation in North American Callimoxys spp. A) Generalized wing, B) C. sanguinicollis, C) C. pinorum, D) C. fuscipennis, E) C. ocularis, F) C. nigrinis. Pigmented veins are depicted by black lines, opaque or translucent veins are depicted with light grey lines. Terminology follows Kukalova-Peck and Lawrence (2004). Sc = subcosta; RA, RP, and r = anterior and posterior radial, and radial crossveins, respectively; MP = media posterior; AA, AP = anterior anal and posterior anal, respectively.

Fig. 13. Genitalic structures of male Callimoxys fuscipennis. A) Median lobe of aedeagus, lateral view, B) Median lobe, dorsal view, C) Tergite VIII, D) Sternite VIII and spiculum ventrale, ventral view, E) Tegmen, lateral view, F) Tegmen, dorsal view, G) Basolateral spicules of internal sac.