Gallio carasta ( Schaus, 1902 )

Carneiro, Eduardo, Dolibaina, Diego Rodrigo, Mielke, Olaf Hermann Hendrik & Casagrande, Mirna Martins, 2015, Taxonomic review of Gallio Evans, 1955 (Lepidoptera, Hesperiidae, Hesperiinae): one less monotypic genus of Moncini, Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 59 (4), pp. 294-300 : 295-296

Gallio carasta ( Schaus, 1902)

( Figs. 1 , 5 , 9 , 13 )

Vehilius carasta Schaus, 1902 . Proc. U. S. Nat. Mus. 24: 448; male, n ◦ 6.037, Petropolis [Rio de Janeiro State], Brazil; USNM. – Draudt, 1923, in Seitz. Gross-Schmett. Erde 5, p. 973. – Evans, 1955. Cat. Amer. Hesp. 4, p. 142. – J. Zikán & W. Zikán 1968. Pesq. agropec. bras. 3: 64. – Bridges, 1983. Lep. Hesp. 1, p. 22; 2, p. 39. – Bridges, 1988. Cat. Hesp. 1, p. 34; 2, p. 64.

Stomyles gallio Mabille, 1904 , in Wytsman. Gen. Ins. 17, p. 132; 1 specimen [holotype], Brazil. – Draudt , 1923, in Seitz. Gross-Schmett. Erde 5, p. 943 .

Amblyscirtes gallio : Draudt, 1924, in Seitz. Gross-Schmett. Erde 5, p. 1055.

Gallio gallio : Evans, 1955. Cat. Amer. Hesp. 4, p. 111, pl. 60 (male gen.). – Bridges, 1983. Lep. Hesp. 1, p. 47; 2, p. 14. – Bridges, 1988. Cat. Hesp. 1, p. 74; 2, p. 23.

(no genus) carasta Beattie, 1976 . Rhop. Direct., p. 104.

(no genus) gallio Beattie, 1976 . Rhop. Direct., p. 150.

G. carasta : Mielke and Casagrande, 2002. Revta bras. Zool. 19, Suppl. 1: 53; syn.: gallio . – Mielke, 2004. Hesperioidea, p. 68, in Lamas (ed.). Checklist: Part 4A, Hesperioidea-Papilionoidea, in Heppner (ed.). Atlas Neotrop. Lep. 5A; syn.: gallio . – Mielke, 2005. Cat. Amer. Hesperioidea 4, p. 967; syn.: gallio . – Carneiro; Mielke & Casagrande, 2008. Shilap Revta lepid. 36 (142): 266. – Dolibaina, Mielke & Casagrande, 2011. Biota Neotrop. 11 (1): 345.

Diagnose: G. carasta has the antenna shaft ventrally yellowish only on its basal portion; longer forewing, with the length around 11–13 mm ( Fig. 1a–d ); forewing subapical yellow spots in R 3 –M 1 aligned with each other ( Fig.1b ); submarginal yellow line of ventral forewing proximally projected ( Fig. 1b ); forewing ventral surface with the yellow submarginal line in M 1 –M 2 not exceeding proximally the subapical yellow spot ( Fig. 1b ). Dorsal projection of ampulla developed, spined and distally inclined. Distal margin of aedeagus abruptly thinned toward the right side. Lamella antevaginalis bifid as in Gallio imperatriz sp. nov., but with shorter and rounded projections.Posterior margin of lamella postvaginalis with lateral fingered projections.

Type material: The description of V. carasta Schaus, 1902 was based on the male, but the author also mentions a female, indicating at least two specimens used to describe the species. Additionally, Schaus (1902) mentions the type locality as Petropolis (Rio de Janeiro state, Brazil) and the type code number #6037. However, as verified by Dolibaina et al. (2014), the code numbers mentioned by Schaus (1902) may include more than one specimen. After the study of the USNM collection a single syntype belonging to this species was located with the following labels:/Petropolis [Rio de Janeiro] Brazil /Collection W.Schaus/ V. carasta T [y]pe Sch[au]s/Type No 6037 U.S. N.M./. Thus, aiming to provide stability to the name proposed by Schaus (1902), the above syntype is here designated as the lectotype of V. carasta and the following labels will be added:/ LECTOTYPUS / Lectotypus V. carasta Schaus, 1902 Carneiro, Dolibaina, Mielke & Casagrande det. 2015/; these labels will be send to the curator of the USNM.

A second name was proposed to this species, S. gallio Mabille, 1904 , that was considered a subjective synonym junior of G. carasta by Mielke and Casagrande (2002). Mabille (1904) used of a single specimen on the description of S. gallio , interpreted as a holotype by subsequent authors ( Evans, 1955; Mielke and Casagrande, 2002; Mielke, 2005). According to Evans (1955), the type specimen is a male deposited at the BMNH having the following labels:/Type/ Bresil / Stomyles gallio Mab [ille]./ R. Oberthür Coll. Brit. Mus. 1931-136/.

Images of the lectotype of V. carasta Schaus, 1902 and the holotype of Stomyles gallio Mabille, 1904 are available in Warren et al. (2015).

Distribution: Brazilian coast, from south Bahia to Santa Catarina. Scarce in western Paraná state and Paraguay.

Examined material: BRAZIL – Bahia: Amargosa , 6-8.IV.2002, O.- C. Mielke leg. 7♂ and 5♀ ( OM 48.089 , OM 48.489 , OM 51.487 , OM 55.845 , OM 55.887 , OM 56.128 , OM 56.143 , OM 56.180 , OM 56.187 , OM 56.194 , OM 56.215 , OM 56.220 , OM 56.243 , OM 56.290 ) ; Camacan , I.1992, Becker leg., 1♂ ( OM 50.778 ) . Espírito Santo: Santa Teresa , 24.IX.1966, C. & C. T. Elias leg., 2♂ ( DZ 31.233 , DZ 31.352 ) , 25-29.III.1970, Ebert leg., 1♂ ( DZ 31.452 ), (Parque Santa Lúcia) , 12.II.1991, Tangerini leg., 1♂ ( DZ 31.783 ), ( São João de Petrópolis ) , 10.IV.1967, C. & C. T. Elias leg., 1♂ ( DZ 31.224 ) ; Sooretama, ( Reserva Biológica Sooretama ), 21-25.I.2014, Mielke & Casagrande leg., 1♂ ( DZ 31.363 ) . Minas Gerais: Catas Altas ( Caraça ), 1-5.II.1985, Mielke & Casagrande leg., 1♂ ( DZ 31.353 ) ; Itaipé , 29. VI.1969, Ebert leg., 1♂ ( DZ 31.743 ) ; Poços de Caldas , 17.XII.1966, Ebert leg., 1♀ ( DZ 31.372 ) . Rio de Janeiro: Cachoeira de Macacu ( Boca do Mato ), 16. VI.2001, Tangerini leg., 1♂ ( DZ 31.332 ) , 1. VI.2003, Tangerini leg., 1♂ ( DZ 31.722 ) , 4.III.2006, Tangerini leg., 1♂ ( DZ 31.642 ) , 31.III.2008, Tangerini leg., 1♂ ( DZ 31.523 ) ; Petrópolis ( Alto da Serra ), 15.IV.1962, Mielke leg., 1♂ ( OM 4.286 ) , 5.XII.1965, Mielke leg., 2♀ ( OM 7.592 , OM 7.593 ) ; Rio de Janeiro ( Camorim ), 18.IV.1965, Mielke leg., 3♂ ( OM 6.578 , OM 6.579 , OM 6.580 ) . São Paulo: Cananéia , 23.IV.1999, Mielke & Casagrande leg., 1♂ and 1♀ ( OM 50.028 , OM 50.056 ) ; Ubatuba , 28.VII.1963, Ebert leg., 1♂ ( DZ 31.502 ) , 14.XII.1965, Ebert leg., 1♂ ( DZ 31.242 ) . Paraná: Antonina (Cacatú) , 16.IV.1977, Mielke leg., 1♂ ( DZ 31.554 ) , 21.IV.1998, Mielke leg., 1♀ ( OM 49.089 ), (Cedro) , 6.IV.2013, Mielke & Siewert leg., 1♂ ( OM 74.403 ) , 18.IV.2013, Mielke, Siewert & Zacca leg., 1♂ ( DZ 31.472 ) ; Balsa Nova ( São Luiz do Purunã ), 28.X.1986, Mielke & Casagrande leg., 1♀ ( DZ 31.603 ) ; Campina Grande do Sul (6 km NW de Jaguatirica), 1.III.2003, Mielke & Casagrande leg., 1♀ ( OM 59.852 ) , 5.IV.2003, Mielke & Casagrande leg., 1♂ ( OM 59.621 ) ; Campo Largo (16 km NO de Bateias), 11.III.2000, Mielke leg., 2♂ ( OM 51.534 , OM 51.646 ), (Três Córregos) , 7.III.1998, O.-C. Mielke & Bizarro leg., 1♀ ( OM 48.264 ) ; Guaratuba ( Limeira ), 21.IV.2001, Mielke leg., 1♂ and 1♀ ( OM 51.550 , OM 51.771 ) , 15.IV.2003, Mielke leg., 4♂ and 1♀ ( OM 51.699 , OM 51.706 , OM 51.713 , OM 51.720 , OM 51.727 ) ; Jaguariaíva ( Parque Estadual do Cerrado ), 20.XI.2009, Mielke, Carneiro, Maia, Ribeiro & Dolibaina leg., 1♀ ( DZ 31.222 ) ; Morretes , 19.IV.1997, Mielke leg., 1♂ and 1♀ ( OM 45.843 , OM 45.851 ) , 12.III.1997, Mielke leg., 3♂ and 2♀ ( OM 45.842 , OM 45.914 , OM 45.922 , OM 45.930 , OM 45.938 ), ( Alto da Serra ) , 28.I.1993, Mielke leg., 1♂ ( OM 33.718 ), (Morro Alto) , 31.III.2001, Mielke leg., 1♀ ( OM 53.290 ) , 11.IV.2001, Mielke leg. 1♂ ( OM 51.550 ) , 14.IV.2001, Mielke leg., 1♂ and 1♀ ( OM 51.532 , OM 51.798 ) , 12.IV.2003, Mielke leg., 1♂ and 3♀ ( OM 60.605 , OM 60.640 , OM 60.647 , OM 60.654 ) , 9.IV.2005, Mielke leg., 1♀ ( DZ 31.792 ) , 4.IV.2009, Mielke leg., 1♂ ( DZ 31.503 ) ; Paranaguá , 16.IV.1995, Mielke leg., 3♂ and 2♀ ( OM 40.653 , OM 40.661 , OM 40.725 , OM 40.757 , OM 40.781 ), (Alexandra) , 27.IV.1968, Mielke leg., 1♂ and 1♀ ( DZ 31.272 , DZ 31.612 ) , 6.IX.1968, Mielke leg., 1♀ ( DZ 31.703 ) ; Pontal do Paraná, 26.XII.2001, Mielke leg., 1♂ ( OM 55.409 ), (Atami) , 31.III.1991, Mielke leg., 1♀ ( OM 26.679 ) , 20.IV.1992, Mielke leg., 1♀ ( OM 32.846 ) , 10.IV.1993, Mielke leg., 1♂ ( OM 34.899 ) , 7.IX.1997, Mielke leg., 3♀ ( OM 45.549 , OM 45.557 , OM 45.658 ) , 26.XII.2009, Mielke leg., 1♂ ( DZ 31.772 ) , 26-31.XII.2009, Mielke leg., 3♂ and 1♀ ( DZ 31.572 , DZ 31.673 , DZ 31.762 , DZ 31.773 ), ( Rio Guaraguatá ) , 27.III.2011, Mielke leg., 3♂ ( DZ 31.303 , DZ 31.672 , DZ 31.742 ) , 3. V.2014, Mielke leg., 1♂ ( DZ 31.312 ) ; São José dos Pinhais ( Castelhanos ), 24.II.1994, Mielke leg., 1♀ ( OM 37.541 ) ; Tijucas do Sul ( Vossoroca ), IV-1971, Moure & Mielke leg., 3♀ ( DZ 31.623 , DZ 31.713 , DZ 31.793 ) , 7.IV.1971, Moure & Mielke leg., 8♂ and 3♀ ( DZ 31.270 , DZ 31.292 , DZ 31.423, DZ 31.443, DZ 31.453, DZ 31.493, DZ 31.573, DZ 31.613, DZ 31.682, DZ 31.702 , DZ 31.763 ), 8.III.1972, Mielke leg., 1♂ and 1♀ ( DZ 31.232 , DZ 31.740 ) , 24.II.1980, Mielke leg., 1♂ ( DZ 31.354 ) ; Turvo ( Britador ), 15.II.2010, Dolibaina leg., 1♂ ( DZ 31.413 ) ; Ventania (12 Km NO), 30.XI.2008, Mielke leg., 1♀ ( DZ 31.622 ) . Santa Catarina: Blumenau , 2.III.1973, Lauterjung leg., 1♂ ( DZ 31.373 ) ; Camboriú , 27.I.1984, Mielke leg., 1♂ ( DZ 31.583 ) ; Florianópolis ( Naufragados ), 16.IV.2005, Santos leg., 1♂ ( DZ 31.552 ) ; Garuva , 22.I.1987, Mielke & Casagrande leg., 1♂ ( OM 13.356 ) ; Joinville , 10.X.1967, Miers leg., 1♂ ( DZ 31.262 ) , 12.III.1967, Mielke leg., 1♀ ( DZ 31.782 ) , 27.III.1970, Mielke leg., 1♂ ( DZ 31.323 ) , 20.XI.1970, Mielke leg., 1♂ ( DZ 31.662 ) , 7.II.1971, Mielke & Miers leg., 1♂ ( DZ 31.342 ) , 21.IV.1971, Miers leg., 3♂ ( DZ 31.243 , DZ 31.422 , DZ 31.482 ) , 24.IV.1971, Mielke leg., 1♂ ( DZ 31.553 ) , 6.XI.1971, Mielke & Miers leg., 1♂ ( DZ 31.383 ) , 28.IV.1973, Mielke & Miers leg., 1♂ ( DZ 31.393 ) , 18.I.1976, Mielke leg., 1♂ and 1♀, ( DZ 31.723 , DZ 31.614 ) , 27.III.1980, Mielke leg., 1♂ and 1♀ ( DZ 31.492 , DZ 31.732 ) , 23.I.1984, Miers & Mielke leg., 1♂ ( DZ 31.462 ) , 7.I.1987, Mielke leg., 1♂ ( OM 13.365 ) , 16.I.1989, Miers leg., 1♂ ( OM 21.537 ) , 22.XI.1982, Miers leg., 1♂ ( OM 30.007 ) ; Rio dos Cedros (Alto Rio dos Cedros ), 4.II.1972, Lauterjung leg., 1♂ ( DZ 31.692 ) , 15.II.1972, Lauterjung leg., 1♂ ( DZ 31.302 ) ; São Bento do Sul (Morro da Igreja), 17. V.2003, Moser & Rank leg., 1♂ ( DZ 31.473 ), ( Rio Natal ) , 13.III.1987, Mielke & Rank leg., 2♀ ( OM 14.379 , OM 25.089 ) , 23.IV.2002, Rank leg., 1♂ ( OM 58.591 ) , 5.IV.2011, Rank leg., 1♀ ( DZ 31.764 ), ( Rio Vermelho ) , 1.IV.1974, Rank leg., 1♀ ( DZ 31.681 ) , 11.III.1984, Mielke & Rank leg., 2♂ and 2♀ ( DZ 31.223 , DZ 31.293 , DZ 31.442 , DZ 31.663 ) , 7.III.1987, Rank leg., 1♂ ( OM 17.129 ) ; Seara ( Nova Teutônia ), I.1971, Plaumann leg., 1♀ ( DZ 31.720 ) , III.1971, Plaumann leg., 1♀ ( DZ 31.252 ) , VIII.1977, Plaumann leg., 1♀ ( DZ 31.513 ) ; Taió , 24.I.1982, Mielke & West leg., 1♂ ( DZ 31.563 ) . PARAGUAY – Alto Paraná: Itakyry , 15-20.I.1980, Mielke & Miers leg., 2♂ and 1♀ ( DZ 31.432 , DZ 31.392 , DZ 31.683 ) .

Figures

Figs. 1–4. 1. Gallio carasta (Schaus, 1902); 2. Gallio imperatriz Carneiro, Dolibaina, Mielke & Casagrande sp. nov., holotype (DZ 31.501) and alotype (DZ 31.571) respectively; 3. Gallio furtadoi Carneiro, Dolibaina, Mielke & Casagrande sp. nov., holotype (DZ 31.651) and alotype (DZ 31.641) respectively; 4. Gallio eti Carneiro, Dolibaina, Mielke & Casagrande sp. nov., holotype (OM 64.567) and allotype (DZ 31.230) respectively. Dorsal views (a, c); ventral views (b, d); males (a, b); females (c, d).

Figs. 5–8. Male genialia of Gallio species. 5. Gallio carasta (Schaus, 1902), OM 30.007; 6. Gallio imperatriz Carneiro, Dolibaina, Mielke & Casagrande sp. nov. DZ 922; 7. Gallio furtadoi Carneiro, Dolibaina, Mielke & Casagrande sp. nov. DZ 31.641; 8. Gallio eti Carneiro, Dolibaina, Mielke & Casagrande sp. nov. OM 64.567. a. lateral view of genitalia without aedeagus; b. dorsal view of tegumen and uncus; c. inner view of the right valva; d, e and f. aedeagus dorsal, ventral and lateral views respectively.

Figs. 9–12. Female genitalia of Gallio species in ventral view. 9. Gallio carasta (Schaus, 1902) DZ 31.270; 10. Gallio imperatriz Carneiro, Dolibaina, Mielke & Casagrande sp. nov. DZ 31.751; 11. Gallio furtadoi Carneiro, Dolibaina, Mielke & Casagrande sp. nov. DZ 31.641; 12. Gallio eti Carneiro, Dolibaina, Mielke & Casagrande sp. nov. OM 64.567.

Fig. 13. Geographical distribution of Gallio species.