Pavo Linnaeus, 1758

Gustafsson, Daniel R., Grossi, Alexandra A., Ren, Mengjiao & Zou, Fasheng, 2023, The Goniodidae (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera) of peafowl (Aves: Galliformes: Pavo), with description of a new genus, Journal of Natural History 57 (17 - 20), pp. 996-1048 : 1042-1043

publication ID	https://doi.org/10.1080/00222933.2023.2226375
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:FFDF1435-92D6-4C19-9B51-3AB61E1BD7DA
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8270865
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A25902-FF9A-CF0E-3F97-FDCFFB6DF9DA
treatment provided by	Plazi (2023-08-21 09:28:02, last updated 2024-11-29 12:51:05)
scientific name	Pavo Linnaeus, 1758
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Treatment

Key to the species of goniodid lice occurring on hosts in the genus Pavo Linnaeus, 1758 View in CoL View at ENA

Note that Goniodes dissimilis Denny, 1842 , is likely not a common occurrence on peafowls but has been reported from Pakistan ( Naz and Rizvi 2018). We also include the unidentified species reported by Nasser et al. (2015), which they reported as G. dissimilis . The species collected by Nasser et al. (2015) belongs to species group K sensu Clay (1940), which von Kéler (1940) considered to be the separate genus Solenodes Kéler, 1940 , but the photographed specimen cannot be identified to the species level. Potentially, these species are locally established on peafowl, but published data are insufficient. They are included here for completeness, to help identify other specimens collected from the same regions.

1. Males ........................................................................................................................................................ 2.

- Females ................................................................................................................................................... 8.

2. Antennae modified: at least scape expanded or elongated and flagellomere I with thumb-like distal process ( Figure 3 View Figures 3–7 ) ............................................................................................ 3.

- Antennae not modified ............................................ Goniocotes rectangulatus Giebel 1866 View in CoL

3. Scape cylindrical, without any processes .................................................................................. 4.

- Scape either with squamous, thumb-like process ( Figure 3 View Figures 3–7 ), or with broadly triangular, non-squamous process bearing a seta apically ( Figure 26 View Figures 26–30 ) .............................................. 5.

4. Lateral margin of temples rounded, not extending lateral to eye; marginal carina very broad, with posterior margin reaching about halfway of distance between frons and preantennal nodi; genitalia with distinct mesosome and parameres .................................. ........................................................................................................ Goniodes dissimilis Denny, 1842 View in CoL .

- Lateral margin of temples pointed, extending much lateral to eye; marginal carina narrow, with posterior margin reaching to at most 1/5 of distance between frons and preantennal nodi; genitalia without clear mesosome or parameres.. ............................... ................................................................................ Goniodes species group K sensu Clay (1940).

5. Scape with squamous, thumb-like process ( Figure 3 View Figures 3–7 ); each of abdominal segments III– V with>2 sts on each side ( Figure 1 View Figure 1 ); os macroseta ( Figure 3 View Figures 3–7 ) ........................................ 6.

- Scape with broadly triangular, non-squamous process bearing a seta apically ( Figure 26 View Figures 26–30 ); each of abdominal segments III–V with at most 1 sts on each side ( Figure 24 View Figure 24 ); os short ( Figure 26 View Figures 26–30 ) .................................................................................................... 7.

6. Pterothorax with flat lateral margin where lpts and pts are close together ( Figure 1 View Figure 1 ); each of tergopleurites III–V with>2 central macrosetae on each side ( Figure 1 View Figure 1 ); tergopleurite X extended antero-laterally to reach near tergopleurite VIII ( Figure 1 View Figure 1 ); parameres widening distally ( Figure 5 View Figures 3–7 ) .................... Goniodes pavonis ( Linnaeus, 1758) View in CoL

- Pterothorax with rounded lateral margin where lpts and ipts and widely separated ( Figure 10 View Figure 10 ); each of tergopleurites IIIV with 1 central macroseta on each side ( Figure 10 View Figure 10 ); tergopleurite X not extended antero-laterally ( Figure 10 View Figure 10 ); parameres slender and tapering ( Figure 14 View Figures 12–16 ) .............................. Goniodes meinertzhageni Clay 1940 View in CoL .

7. Genitalia asymmetrical ( Figures 28–29 View Figures 26–30 ); apical seta of triangular extension of scape spike-like ( Figure 26 View Figures 26–30 ); temples not bulging at mts1 and mts5 ( Figure 26 View Figures 26–30 ); mts2, mts4 and pos thick, thorn-like ( Figure 26 View Figures 26–30 ) .................... Pavoniocotes parviceps ( Piaget, 1880) .

- Genitalia symmetrical ( Figures 42–43 View Figures 40–44 ); apical seta of triangular extension of scape thorn-like ( Figure 40 View Figures 40–44 ); temples bulging at mts1 and mts5 ( Figure 40 View Figures 40–44 ); mts2, mts4 and pos microsetae ( Figure 40 View Figures 40–44 ) ..................................................................................................................... ................................................ Pavoniocotes mayuri ( Lakshminarayana and Emerson 1971) .

8. Abdominal segments III–V with 1 sts on each side ( Figure 19 View Figure 19 ) ....................................... 9.

- Abdominal segments III–V with>2 sts on each side ( Figure 2 View Figure 2 ) ..................................... 12.

9. Sclerotised triangular processes on each side antero-lateral to vulval margin; large, highly setose fleshy lobes on each side postero-lateral to vulval margin; temples extended laterally to pointed process, with pos apical .............................................................. ........................................................................................................ Goniodes dissimilis Denny, 1842 View in CoL .

- No sclerotised triangular process; no fleshy, setose lobes; temples rounded, and pos situated on lateral margin of head, not on lateral process ............................................. 10.

10. No tergopleurites with tps microsetae ( Figure 19 View Figure 19 ); vulval margin with sparse row of short vms ( Figure 22 View Figures 20–22 ) ................................................ Goniocotes rectangulatus Giebel 1866 View in CoL .

- At least some of tergopleurites II–VIII with one or more tps microsetae on each side ( Figure 25 View Figure 25 ); vulval margin with dense row of medium-length vms ( Figure 30 View Figures 26–30 ) ...... 11.

11. Accessory lateral sternal plates present ( Figure 25 View Figure 25 ); psps absent on at least tergopleurite II ( Figure 25 View Figure 25 ) ........................................................... Pavoniocotes parviceps ( Piaget, 1880) .

- Accessory lateral sternal plates absent ( Figure 39 View Figure 39 ); psps present on tergopleurite II ( Figure 39 View Figure 39 ) ............ ............ Pavoniocotes mayuri ( Lakshminarayana and Emerson 1971) .

12. Tergopleurites II–VI with>3 central macrosetae on each side ( Figure 2 View Figure 2 ); accessory lateral sternal plates not associated with row of microsetae ( Figure 2 View Figure 2 ); subgenital plate absent ( Figure 7 View Figures 3–7 ) ......................... ......................... Goniodes pavonis ( Linnaeus, 1758) View in CoL .

- Tergopleurites II–VI with single central macroseta on each side ( Figure 11 View Figure 11 ); accessory lateral sternal plates with rows of microsetae on posterior margin ( Figure 11 View Figure 11 ); subgenital plate present ( Figure 16 View Figures 12–16 ) .............................. Goniodes meinertzhageni Clay 1940 View in CoL .

References

Clay T. 1940. Genera and species of Mallophaga occurring on Gallinaceous hosts. - Part II. Proc Zool Soc London. 110: 1 - 120.

Denny H. 1842. Monographia anoplurorum Britanniae. London (UK): Henry G. Bohn; p. xxvi + 262.

Giebel CG. 1866. Die im zoologischen Museum der Universitat Halle aufgestellten Epizoen nebst Beobachtungen uber dieselben. Zeitschrift fur die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften (Halle). 28: 353 - 397.

Lakshminarayana KV, Emerson KC. 1971. Mallophaga Indica. VI. Notes on Goniocotes (Mallophaga: Philopteridae) found on Pavo cristatus, with description of a new species. Orient Insects. 5: 95 - 102. doi: 10.1080 / 00305316.1971.10433994.

Linnaeus CV. 1758. Systema naturae per Regna Tria Naturae, Secundum Classes, Ordines, Genera, Species, cum Characteribus, Differentiis, Synonymis, Locis. 10 th ed. Stockholm (Sweden): Salvius; p. iv + 824.

Nasser M, Al-Ahmed A, Shobrak M, Aldryhim Y. 2015. Identification key for chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) infesting the Indian Peacock (Pavo cristatus) with one new country record and a new host record for Saudi Arabia. Turk J Zool. 38: 88 - 94. doi: 10.3906 / zoo- 1312 - 44.

Naz S, Rizvi SA. 2018. First record of genus Goniodes Nitzsch, 1818 (Phthiraptera: Ischnocera: Philopteridae) on peafowl (Galliformes: Phasianidae) from Pakistan. Asian J Res Zool. 1: 1 - 12. doi: 10.9734 / ajriz / 2018 / v 1 i 129670.

Piaget E. 1880. Les Pediculines. Essai monographique. Leiden (The Netherlands): E. J. Brill; p. xxxix + 714.

von Keler S. 1940. Baustoffe zu einer Monographie der mallophagen. II. Teil: Uberfamilie der Nirmoidea. Nova Acta Leopoldiana Abhandlungen der Kaiserlich Leopoldinisch-Carolinisch Deutschen Akademie der Naturforscher Neue Folge. 8: 1 - 354 + 4 plates.

Figures

Figure 1. Goniodes pavonis (Linnaeus, 1758), male habitus, dorsal and ventral views.

Figure 2. Goniodes pavonis (Linnaeus, 1758), female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.

Figure 10. Goniodes meinertzhageni Clay, 1940, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views.

Figure 11. Goniodes meinertzhageni Clay, 1940, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views. Many longer setae are broken in the examined specimen,and here illustrated only partially. Position and number of setae is thus accurate in the illustration, but cut-off setae should be longer. In most cases, the approximate length of these setae can be estimated based on the corresponding setae in other segments, or by the corresponding setae in the male.

Figure 19. Goniocotes rectangulatus Nitzsch [in Giebel], 1866, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views. Paratergal plates not clearly demarcated in specimen, and illustrated approximately.

Figure 24. Pavoniocotes parviceps (Piaget, 1880) ex Pavo cristatus Linnaeus, 1758, male habitus, dorsal and ventral views.

Figure 25. Pavoniocotes parviceps (Piaget, 1880) ex Pavo cristatus Linnaeus, 1758, female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.

Figure 39. Pavoniocotes mayuri (Lakshminarayana and Emerson, 1971), female habitus, dorsal and ventral views.

Figures 3–7. Goniodes pavonis (Linnaeus, 1758). 3, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 4, female antenna and conus, ventral view. 5, male genitalia, dorsal view. 6, male genitalia, ventral view. 7, female genitalia and abdominal segments VII–XI, ventral view.

Figures 26–30. Pavoniocotes parviceps (Piaget, 1880) ex Pavo cristatus Linnaeus, 1758. 26, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 27, female antenna and conus, ventral view. 28, male genitalia, dorsal view. 29, male genitalia, ventral view. 30, female genitalia and abdominal segments VII–XI, ventral view.

Figures 12–16. Goniodes meinertzhageni Clay, 1940. 12, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 13, female antenna and conus, ventral view. 14, male genitalia, dorsal view. 15, male genitalia, ventral view. 16, female genitalia and abdominal segments VII–XI, ventral view.

Figures 40–44. Pavoniocotes mayuri (Lakshminarayana and Emerson, 1971). 40, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 41, female antenna and conus, ventral view. 42, male genitalia, dorsal view. 43, male genitalia, ventral view. 44, female genitalia and abdominal segments VII–XI, ventral view.

Figures 20–22. Goniocotes rectangulatus Nitzsch [in Giebel], 1866. 20, male head, dorsal and ventral views. 21, male genitalia, dorsal view. 22, female genitalia and abdominal segments VIII–XI, ventral view.