Scrophularia umbrosa Dumort., Fl. Belg.

Uzunhisarcikli, M. Erkan, Güner, Ebru Doğan & Ekici, Murat, 2018, Synopsis of the genus Scrophularia (Scrophulariaceae) in Turkey, Phytotaxa 333 (2), pp. 151-187 : 164-165

21. Scrophularia umbrosa Dumort., Fl. Belg. : 37 (1827)

= S. aquatica sensu W. Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ. ed. 1: 515 (1837), non L. (1753) = S. cinerea Dumort., Not. Scroph. : 11 (1834) = S. balbisii sensu W. Koch , loc. cit. (1837), non Hornem. (1815) = S. ehrharti Steven in Ann. Nat. Hist. ser. 2, 15: 3 (1840) = S. neesii Wirtg. in Verh. Nat. Rheinl. 1: 29 (1844) = S. pisidica Boiss. & Heldr. in Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1(12): 33 (1853) = S. samaritanii Boiss. & Heldr. in Boiss., Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 2(3): 153 (1856) = S. epicalycina Heywood in Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh 21: 78 (1952) = S. umbrosoides Heywood , op. cit. 86 (1952).

Type: — [ BELGIUM / LUXEMBOURG] in umbrosis Luxemburgii, Dumortier (n.v.).

Specimens seen: — TURKEY. Ankara: Kızılcahamam, Soğuksu Milli Parkı, Kuzcapınar location, 1150‒1200 m, 26 June 1990, Ö. Eyüboğlu 1711 ( GAZI); Ankara: İncesu, streamsides (( ISTE 2169); Antalya: Elmalı, 12 June 1966, Regel ( EGE 2071); 00 June 1966, Regel ( EGE 12620); Ardahan: Ardahan-Göle, Sarma Boğazı location, streamsides, 2500 m, 05 September 1993, Y. Altan 5642 ( GAZI); Bitlis: Tatvan, Küçüksu, Obuz village road, damp areas, 1792 m, 04 September 2013, M. E. Uzunhisarcıklı 2480 ( GAZI); Bolu: Abant, marshes, 1250 m, 10 August 1983, M. Vural 2591 ( GAZI); Yeniçağa Lake, 1000 m, 19 July 1978 ( ISTE 40857); Kale, Tekneci river, 850‒900 m, 26 July 1990, İ. Kılınç 1270 ( GAZI); Bursa: Uludağ, Elmaçukuru, 28 June 1944 ( ISTF 3544); Kirazlıyayla, 29 June 1944 ( ISTF 3675); 03 July 1944 ( ISTF 3918); Denizli: Honaz, roadsides, 500 m, 01 July 1972 ( ISTE 22919); Honaz Mountain, Arpacık Plateau, 1380 m, 29 June 1972 ( ISTE 22790); Honaz Mountain, Atalanı Plateau, wet places, 1550 m, 25 July 1973 ( ISTE 26597); Honaz Mountain, Baymanlı river, 1475 m, 23 September 1972 ( ISTE 23500); Ketenci, streamsides, 1290 m, 29 June 1972 ( ISTE 22739); Edirne: İpsala-Enes, 3‒5 km from İpsala, roadsides, scrub, 52 m, 10 May 2014, B. Bilgili 3942 ( GAZI); Elazığ: Süzek Village location, 1250 m, 25 July 1980, Y. Altan 841 ( HUB); Erzurum: Erzurum-Tortum, Dumlu Mountain, Güngörmez-Dumlubaba Plateau, scrub, streamsides, 2600 m, 28 July 2013, B. Bilgili 3940 ( GAZI); Horasan-Eleşkirt, 19 km from Horasan, streamsides, 2000 m, 26 July 2012, M. E. Uzunhisarcıklı 2307 ( GAZI); Gümüşhane: Torul, Gülaçar Village, Artabel, 1850 m, 23 July 2013, B. Bilgili 3925 ( GAZI); Hatay: Harbiye, streamsides, 630 m, 17 May 2014, M. E. Uzunhisarcıklı 2511 ( GAZI); Isparta: 10 km to Gölcük, 09 July 1973 ( ISTE 26298); İstanbul: Belgrad forest, 01 May 1956, Regel 2072 ( EGE); Gümüşpınar, Quercus altı, 21 May 1974 ( ISTE 28173); İzmir: Yamanlar, Eğrişdere to Karagöl, Bağyakası location, ca. 620 m, 24 August 1980, Y. Gemici ( EGE 31612); Kahramanmaraş: Berit Mountain, Karasoku mezrası, streamsides, 1651 m, 03 September 2013, M. E. Uzunhisarcıklı 2475 ( GAZI); Engizek Mountain, Aksu Mahallesi çevresi, meadows, 1000‒1100 m, 25 July 1987, H. Duman 3737 ( GAZI); Karaman: Ermenek, 600 m, 15 August 1969, Davis 16209 ( K); Kars:Arpaçay, Tomarlı- Karakale, around Bala river, streamsides, 1700 m, 24 August 1984, H. Ocakverdi 2125 ( GAZI); N of Posof, under the fairly open canopy of Betula pendula forest, 2145 m, 24 June 2012, M. E. Uzunhisarcıklı 2295 ( GAZI); Kırklareli: Bahçeköy- Kasatura, 11 August 1967 ( ISTE 11852); Demirköy, from Velika bridge, 06 November 1970 ( ISTE 18894); Güngören- Midye, Fagus and Alnus forest, 15 July 1973 ( ISTE 26353); Pınarhisar, streamsides, 17 June 1972 ( ISTE 22519); Soğucak, 17 June 1972 ( ISTE 22525); Kütahya: Gediz, Murat Mountain, streamsides, 1350 m, 11 August 1978 ( ISTF 30930); Nevşehir: Ürgüp, Göreme, Arılıburun Dere, volcanic tuff, damp, shady and wet places, 1200 m, 08 August 1989, M. Vural 5502 et al. ( GAZI, HUB); Sakarya: Arifiye, 01 July 1962 ( ISTE 43724); Sivas: Şarkışla, Cehennem Deresi, 1550‒1600 m, 29 October 2006, B. Özüdoğru 2293 ( HUB); Tekirdağ: Saray-Güngören, streamsides, 22 July 1977 ( ISTE 38117); Tunceli: Ovacık, around Hara, 1200 m, 23 September 1980, Ş. Yıldırımlı 4050 ( HUB); Uşak: above Gürlek, Avlan Gediği Plateau, streamsides, 1450 m, 03 August 1980 ( ISTF 34547).

Flowering time:— April–September.

Habitat:— Forest, streamsides, Quercus forest, under the fairly open canopy of Betula pendula forest, Fagus forest, Alnus forest, roadsides, scrub, meadows, stony, volcanic tuff, damp and shady places, wet places, marshes. 30‒2600 m elevation.

Distribution:— Multiregional element (Irano-Turanian, Euro-Siberian and Mediterranean element).

Note:— Scrophularia macrophylla Boiss. [Diagn. Pl. Orient. ser. 1, 12: 32 (1853)] was listed as a doubtfully recorded species in Flora of Turkey by Lall & Mill (1978). This authors mentioned that collections from “[C6 Hatay] Daphne nr Antakya, September 1931, Delbes; Amanus mt., ascent to Aşaği Zarkoun, October 1935, Delbes ” may represent misindentifications. Recently, we gathered some specimens from “ Hatay: Harbiye (Daphne), streamsides, 630 m, 17 May 2014, M.E. Uzunhisarcıklı 2511 (GAZI)”, and corroborated that their supositions are correct, because the specimens collected in that area indeed belong to S. umbrosa . No plants corresponding to S. macrophylla have been found in Turkey so far.