Apoaphelopinae, Olmi, 2007

Olmi, Massimo, 2007, New species of Afrotropical Dryinidae (Hymenoptera: Chrysidoidea), with description of a new genus and a new subfamily, African Invertebrates 48 (2), pp. 199-232 : 226-228

Subfamily Apoaphelopinae subfam. n.

Figs 32–35

Type genus: Apoaphelopus gen. n.

Male.

Fully winged; forewing with only costal cell distinctly enclosed by pigmented veins, with stigmal vein present, without pterostigma; other veins of forewing (except those surrounding costal cell) absent, course of M and Cu veins being marked by dark stripes ( Figs 32 , 33 ); hind wing ( Figs 32 , 33 ) without costal vein, with dark medial longitudinal stripe; epicnemium distinct; mandibles with 1 tooth; palpi absent; basivolsella with lateral distal process parallel to distivolsella ( Figs 34, 35 ); tibial spurs 1, 1, 2.

Female. Unknown.

Hosts: Unknown.

Distribution: Afrotropical.

Comments: As the forewing has only the costal cell enclosed by pigmented veins, the males of Apoaphelopinae are different from all the other males of Dryinidae , except those of Aphelopinae . The main differences between Aphelopinae and Apoaphelopinae concern the forewings: they show a distinct and large pterostigma in Aphelopinae , whereas the pterostigma is absent in Apoaphelopinae ; in addition, in both subfamilies all veins are absent, except the stigmal vein and the veins surrounding the costal cell, but in Apoaphelopinae , the space usually occupied by M and Cu veins is marked by long dark stripes, so that apparently at first sight the forewing seems to have true M and Cu veins (really however, there are only dark stripes and not veins). In Aphelopinae , on the other hand, the forewings are completely hyaline, or at most with a slight dark spot beneath the pterostigma, and the course of M and Cu veins is never marked by dark stripes.Another difference concerns the hind wings: in Aphelopinae they are completely hyaline and with a long costal vein; in contrast, in Apoaphelopinae the hind wings show a longitudinal median dark stripe and the costal vein is absent.A further difference concerns the volsellae: in Aphelopinae the basivolsella is situated completely under the distivolsella, as in other subfamilies such as Anteoninae , Conganteoninae , Gonatopodinae and Dryininae . In contrast, in Apoaphelopinae the basivolsella has a lateral distal process parallel to distivolsella, as in Apodryininae, Bocchus and Embolemidae . The general aspect of the head of Apoaphelopinae males is that of males of Apodryininae.

After the description of Apoaphelopinae , the key to the males of the subfamilies of Dryinidae published by Olmi (1984) can be modified by replacing couplet 1 as follows: 1 Fully winged; forewing with only costal cell enclosed by pigmented veins (Olmi

1984, fig. 25; Fig. 32 ); occipital carina complete ................................................ 1' – Fully winged, or micropterous, or brachypterous, or apterous; forewing of fully winged forms with costal and 1–2 basal cells distinctly enclosed by pigmented veins (Olmi 1984, figs 26, 27); occasionally forewing with only costal cell distinctly enclosed by pigmented veins, but in this case occipital carina absent (in some males of Gonatopodinae ) ................................................................................................ 2 1' Forewing with stigmal vein and pterostigma present ( Fig. 37 ); other veins (except those surrounding costal cell) absent, their course not being marked by dark stripes

( Fig. 37 ); hind wing ( Fig. 38 ) hyaline, with costal vein, without a dark medial longitudinal stripe; basivolsella completely situated down the distivolsella ( Fig. 36 ) ............................................................................1. Aphelopinae Perkins

– Forewing with stigmal vein present ( Fig. 32 ); pterostigma absent ( Fig. 32 ); other veins (except those surrounding costal cell) absent, the course of M and Cu veins being marked by dark stripes ( Fig. 32 ); hind wing ( Fig. 32 ) without costal vein, with a dark medial longitudinal stripe; basivolsella with a lateral distal process parallel to distivolsella ( Fig 34, 35 ) .....................12. Apoaphelopinae subfam. n.

2 Always fully winged; forewing with costal and median cells distinctly enclosed by pigmented veins (Olmi 1984, fig. 26); occipital carina complete .......................... ....................................................................................... 2. Conganteoninae Olmi

– Fully winged, or rarely micropterous, or brachypterous, or apterous; forewing of fully winged forms with costal, median and submedian cells distinctly enclosed by pigmented veins (Olmi 1984, fig. 27); occasionally only the costal cell is distinctly enclosed by pigmented veins, but in this case the occipital carina is absent (in some males of Gonatopodinae ) ...................................................................................... 3

Genus Apoaphelopus gen. n.

Figs 32–35

Etymology: The genus name refers to apomorphic characters and the genus Aphelopus Dalman, 1823 .

Type species: Apoaphelopus mostovskii sp. n.

Description:

Male.

Fully winged; forewing with only costal cell distinctly enclosed by pigmented veins, with stigmal vein present, without pterostigma; other veins of forewing (except those surrounding costal cell) absent, the course of M and Cu veins being marked by dark stripes ( Figs 32 , 33 ); hind wing ( Figs 32 , 33 ) without costal vein, with dark medial longitudinal stripe; epicnemium distinct; mandibles with 1 tooth; palpi absent; occipital carina complete; temples very long, but shorter than eyes ( Fig. 32 ); antennae short, shorter than body; antennal segment 1 twice as long as 2; basivolsella with lateral distal process parallel to distivolsella ( Figs 34, 35 ); tibial spurs 1, 1, 2.

Figures

Fig. 32. Apoaphelopus mostovskii sp. n., male holotype in dorsal view. Length 1.00 mm.

Fig. 33. Apoaphelopus mostovskii sp. n., male holotype in lateral view. Length 1.31 mm.

Figs 34–36. Male genitalia: (34) Apoaphelopus mostovskii sp. n., holotype, scale bar = 0.04 mm; (35) A. niassensis sp. n., holotype, scale bar = 0.05 mm; (36) Aphelopus melaleucus (Dalman), from Sweden, Västergötland, scale bar = 0.08 mm.

Figs 37, 38. Aphelopus varicornis Brues, male from Wyoming, Grand Teton Nat. Park: (37) forewing, scale bar = 0.18 mm; (38) hind wing, scale bar = 0.20 mm.