Antrops quadrinotus (Bigot) KITS & MARSHALL, 2013

KITS, JOEL H. & MARSHALL, STEPHEN A., 2013, <p class = " HeadingRunIn " align = " left "> <strong> Generic classification of the Archiborborinae (Diptera: Sphaeroceridae), with a revision of <em> Antrops </ em> Enderlein, <em> Coloantrops </ em> gen. nov., <em> Maculantrops </ em> gen. nov., <em> Photoantrops </ em> gen. nov., and <em> Poecilantrops </ em> gen. nov. </ strong> </ p>, Zootaxa 3704 (1), pp. 1-113 : 40-44

Antrops quadrinotus (Bigot) , comb. nov.

( Figs. 54, 58 , 207 )

Ceroptera quadrinota Bigot 1888: 42

Archiborborus (Procopromyza) quadrinotus . Comb. Richards 1931: 70

Borborus varipes Bigot 1888: 42 (not available, junior homonym of Borborus varipes Meigen 1830 ( Richards 1931)) Archiborborus (Procopromyza) varipes Bigot 1888 . Comb. Papp 1977 (name not available)

Archiborborus albicans Richards 1931: 68 syn. nov.

Archiborborus chilensis Richards 1931: 71 syn. nov.

Archiborborus koenigi Duda (in Holdhaus 1932): 175 syn. nov.

Description. Occiput dark brown to blackish, face and gena brownish yellow to brown, frons intermediately coloured. Clypeus yellowish to brown, prementum orangish brown to dark brown, antenna orange to dark brown, maxillary palp brown. Entirely covered with microtomentum. Ocellar bristles just anterior to medial ocellus. Anterior genal bristle about 0.6X length of vibrissa, subvibrissal bristle barely or not developed, about 0.3X length of vibrissa.

Thorax reddish brown to dark brown, covered with microtomentum except thin shiny strip at lower edge of anepisternum. Halter whitish, brown at base of knob.

Legs reddish brown to dark brown, paler at joints. Tibiae 1 and 2 may be lighter than rest of legs. Tibia 2 with row of anterodorsal, 1 anteroventral, 1 posteroventral, 5 subapical bristles. Tibia 3 with 3 ventroapical bristles, sometimes with thin anteroventral bristle. Male forebasotarsomere with a small curved spur.

Wing pale brown, with whitish spots on crossveins r-m and dm-cu, and 2 on vein R 4+5 distal to r-m.

Abdomen with tergites brown to dark brown, covered with microtomentum. Sternites weakly sclerotized in both sexes.

Male postabdomen: Sternite 5 with short, broad anterior apodeme, posterior margin with corners projecting, recurved and rounded, deeply emarginated medially ( Fig. 58 ). Surstylus paddle-shaped, anterior face flat and covered with short setae, posterior face rounded. No distinct pregonite. Postgonite with anterior lobe nearly rightangled, posterior lobe broad and pointed. Basiphallus with short broad epiphallus, short narrow preepiphallus. Distiphallus with a short, smooth dorsal tube, distal portion with a dorsal medial rounded plate, ventral tip barely projecting ( Fig. 54 ).

Female postabdomen: Tergites 6–7 and sternites 6–7 fully sclerotized, rectangular, wider than long, covered with microtomentum. Tergites with 3 posterior strips, sternites with 2 posterior strips. Tergite 8 nearly square, about two-thirds covered with microtomentum, shiny laterally and anteriorly. Epiproct with 2 pairs of setae, anterior arms long and thin, with microtomenum distally. Cerci thin, covered with microtomentum. Sclerites of sternite 8 with anterolateral corners extended, nearly reaching base of tergite 8, pinched medially, apical half broad and covered with microtomentum. Hypoproct round, not sclerotized medially, anterior margin shiny. Spermathecae barrel-shaped, slightly longer than wide, with long apical invagination, sclerotized duct slightly shorter than spermatheca.

Type material. Ceroptera quadrinota : Lectotype ♂ (designated by Richards (1931)): CHILE: Cape Horn (OXUM; photos examined).

Borborus varipes : Syntypes: CHILE: Cape Horn ( MNHN; 3 ♂, 3 ♀ examined) .

Archiborborus albicans : Holotype ♂: CHILE: Chiloe Is., Ancud, F. & M. Edwards ( BMNH; photo examined) . Paratypes: same data as holotype, 17–19 Dec 1926 (2 ♂, 2 ♀, SMTD; examined) .

Archiborborus chilensis : Holotype ♂: CHILE: Lake Correntosos ( BMNH; examined).

Archiborborus koenigi : Holotype ♂: SOUTH GEORGIA (NHMW; not examined).

Other material examined. ARGENTINA: Neuquén: Correntoso , 1 Nov 1926, R. & E. Shannon (2 ♂, 1 ♀, USNM) ; Lolog , 7 km N San Martín de Los Andes, 900 m, nr. muddy bank of pond, pan traps, 23–30 Nov 1989, S.A. Marshall (25 ♂, 8 ♀, DEBU) ; Lolog, 7km N San Martín de Los Andes, Gentili Cabin , pans & FIT along streambed, 18–21 Nov 1989, S.A. Marshall (6 ♂, 3 ♀, DEBU) ; as above but forest and meadow, pooled pan & FIT traps (1 ♂, DEBU) ; Lolog, 7km N San Martín de Los Andes, Gentili property, 900 m, nr. pond, FIT, 23 Nov–1 Dec 1989, S.A. Marshall (2 ♂, 1 ♀, DEBU) ; Villa La Angostura , 26–28 Nov 1989, S.A. Marshall (1 ♂, 1 ♀, DEBU) ; as above but forest nr. Laguna Verde, dung traps (1 ♂, DEBU) ; Río Negro: Bariloche , Nov 1926, R. & E. Shannon (2 ♂, 1 ♀, USNM) ; Laguna Frías , 760 m, 16 Nov 1966, M.E. Irwin & E.I. Schlinger (1 ♂, CASC) ; Puerto Blest, 2 Dec 1926, R. & E. Shannon (5 ♂, 1 ♀, USNM) ; Tierra del Fuego: Bahía Buen Suceso , 23–26 Apr 1971, O.S. Flint & G.F. Hevel (3 ♂, 1 ♀, USNM) ; Isla de los Estados, Bahía Blossom , 10 May 1971, O.S. Flint & G.F. Hevel (11 ♂, 20 ♀, USNM) ; Isla de los Estados, Bahía Capitan Canepa , 1–3 May 1971, O.S. Flint & G.F. Hevel (4 ♂, 5 ♀, USNM) ; Isla de los Estados, Bahía Colnett , 25 May 1971, O.S. Flint & G.F. Hevel (2 ♂, 1 ♀, USNM) ; Isla de los Estados, Primera Bahía , 8 May 1971, O.S. Flint & G.F. Hevel (1 ♂, 6 ♀, USNM) ; Isla de los Estados, Puerto Cook, 16–19 May 1971, O.S. Flint & G.F. Hevel (1 ♀, USNM) ; Isla de los Estados, Puerto Parry, 24 May 1971, O.S. Flint & G.F. Hevel (1 ♀, USNM) ; Isla de los Estados, Puerto Pte. Roca, 22–23 May 1971, O.S. Flint & G.F. Hevel (9 ♂, 2 ♀, USNM) ; Isla de los Estados, Puerto San Juan, 12–15 May 1971, O.S. Flint & G.F. Hevel (3 ♀, USNM) ; Isla de los Estados, Puerto Vancouver, 7–9 May 1971, O.S. Flint & G.F. Hevel (7 ♂, 4 ♀, USNM) ; Tierra del Fuego , along river, pan trap, 11–14 Feb 1992, S.A. Marshall (1 ♂, DEBU) ; Ushuaia, old wrack, Beagle Channel , 12 Feb 1992, S.A. Marshall (40 ♂, 30 ♀, DEBU) ; as above but seashore, rabbit burrow (1 ♂, DEBU) ; as above but wet wrack, Beagle Channel (5 ♂, DEBU) ; Ushuaia Harbour , dirty seaweed, 15 Feb 1992, S.A. Marshall (4 ♂, 10 ♀, DEBU) ; as above but wet wrack, Beagle Channel (4 ♂, 1 ♀, DEBU) ; Ushuaia , 3 km E, marshy area nr. river, pan traps, 11– 14 Feb 1992, S.A. Marshall (2 ♂, 1 ♀, DEBU) ; Ushuaia, Beagle Channel , old wrack, 12 Feb 1992, S.A. Marshall (2 ♂, DEBU) . CHILE: Aisén: Cerro Castillo Res. Nac. , 40 km SW of Balmaceda, 1100 m, dry open beech forest, carrion trap, 2–27 Jan 1985, S. & J. Peck (5 ♂, 3 ♀, DEBU) ; Coyhaique Res. Nat. , 10km NW, 900 m, beech forest, carrion trap, 22–27 Jan 1985, S. & J. Peck (1 ♂, 3 ♀, DEBU) ; Dos Lagunas N.M., 20 km ENE Coyhaique , 600 m, carrion trap, beech groves in steppe, 23–27 Jan 1985, S. & J. Peck (3 ♂, DEBU) ; Palena, 113 km S of Chaitén, Rt. 235, 100 m, mossy beech forest, carrion trap, 29 Dec 1984 – 29 Jan 1985, S. & J. Peck (1 ♂, DEBU) ; Puerto Puyuhuapi, 28 Feb 1940, G.H. Schwabe (1 ♂, DEI) ; as above but 28 Mar 1940 (1 ♀, DEI) ; Araucanía: Curacautín , 40 km W, 1500 m, Nothofagus, Malaise , 12 Dec 1984 – 16 Feb 1985, S. & J. Peck (2 ♀, DEBU) ; Lago Tinquilco , 30 km E Pucón, 750 m, yellow pans, 7–10 Dec 2002, L. Masner (15 ♂, DEBU) ; Pucón , carrion trap, 6–8 Nov 1984, S.A. Marshall (3 ♂, 1 ♀, DEBU) ; as above but drift nr. lake, pan traps, 6–8 Nov 1989 (2 ♂, 1 ♀, DEBU) ; as above but in lakeside debris, 8–13 Nov 1989 (6 ♂, DEBU) ; as above but lakeshore, FIT, 15 Nov–2 Dec 1989 (3 ♀, DEBU) ; as above but carrion trap (12 ♂, 6 ♀, DEBU) ; as above but pan traps (1 ♂, DEBU) ; as above but pans in wrack (2 ♂, DEBU) ; as above but near lake, FIT, 8–13 Nov 1989 (1 ♂, DEBU) ; as above but dung traps, 9–16 Nov 1989 (33 ♂, 8 ♀, DEBU) ; as above but on point, pan traps, under Malaise , 8 Nov 1989 (1 ♀, DEBU) ; Purén, Contulmo Nat. Mon. , 350 m, evergreen forest, rotten mushroom, 11 Nov 1984, S. & J. Peck (1 ♀, DEBU) ; Renaico , 1 Apr 1932, D.S. Bullock (1 ♂, USNM) ; Río Manzanares , 2 Jan 1966, Flint & Ceklovic (3 ♀, USNM) ; Termas de Palguín , 30 km E of Pucón, under Araucaria branches, ridge above valley, 12 Nov 1989, S.A. Marshall (6 ♂, 4 ♀, DEBU) ; Termas de Palguín , 33 km E Pucón, 680 m, 6 Nov 1989, S.A. Marshall (1 ♂, DEBU) ; Villarica , 13 Jan 1952, M. Etcheverry (1 ♀, USNM) ; Volcán Villarrica , 1120 m, 15–29 Dec 1982, A. Newton & M. Thayer (2 ♀, DEBU) ; as above but near treeline, 10 Nov 1989, S.A. Marshall (1 ♂, DEBU) ; as above but swept in Nothofagus , 9 Nov 1989 (3 ♂, DEBU) ; as above but nr. edge of old lava flow, FIT, 10 Nov–3 Dec 1989 (3 ♂, 1 ♀, DEBU) ; as above but nr. treeline, 9 Nov 1989 (1 ♂, DEBU) ; as above but pan, 10 Nov–3 Dec 1989 (6 ♂, 2 ♀, DEBU) ; Biobío: Chillan Trancas, 72 km SE, nr. Termas , 1700 m, beech forest carrion trap, 6 Dec 1984 – 19 Feb 1985, S. & J. Peck (1 ♀, DEBU) ; El Abanico , 31 Dec 1950, Ross & Michelbacher (1 ♂, CASC) ; Laraquete , yellow pans, 10–25 Jan 1993, P. Salinas (1 ♀, DEBU) ; Pata de Gallina , yellow pan traps, 10–25 Jan 1993, P. Salinas (1 ♀, CNCI) ; Los Lagos: Anticura , 1 km W, 430 m, 1–3 Feb 1978, W.N. Mathis (3 ♂, USNM) ; Antillanca Road , 1235 m, Nothofagus forest, yellow pans, 10 Dec 2003, L. Masner (2 ♂, DEBU) ; Casa Pangue , Dec 1926, R. & E. Shannon (3 ♂, USNM) ; Chepu , 18 Oct 1958, G. Kuschel (1 ♂, USNM) ; Chiloé I., Ancud , Dec 1926, R. & E. Shannon (1 ♀, USNM) ; Chiloé I., Castro , Dec 1926, R. & E. Shannon (9 ♂, 6 ♀, USNM) ; Chiloé I., Miraflores, Punto Río Negro, 50 m, creek, yellow pans, 14–15 Feb 2005, L. Masner (1 ♂, DEBU) ; Frutillar , 26 Sep 1954, P.G. Kuschel (1 ♂, USNM) ; Parque Nac. Puyehue , 1600 m, 18–24 Dec 1982, A. Newton & M. Thayer (1 ♂, 1 ♀, DEBU) ; as above but 690 m (1 ♀, DEBU) ; as above but 965 m, 18–25 Dec 1982 (1 ♂, 5 ♀, DEBU) ; Puyehue Nat. Park, Anticura , 250 m, Nothofagus forest, 13 Feb 1988, L. Masner, Chile Exp. (1 ♂, CNCI) ; Puyehue Natl. Pk., Anticura, trail to Mirador El Puma , 400 m, dung pans, 3–5 Dec 2008, Kits & Marshall (3 ♂, 2 ♀, DEBU) ; Río San Pedro , 24 km NE of Los Lagos, river bank slope forest, yellow pans, 13–18 Nov 2000, L. Packer (1 ♂, DEBU) ; Vicente Pérez Rosales Natl. Pk., Mirador El Bosque , 900 m, dung pans, 2 Dec 2008, Kits & Marshall (12 ♂, 5 ♀, DEBU) ; Vicente Pérez Rosales Natl. Pk., Sendero El Solitario , 300 m, ex. litter, 2 Dec 2008, Kits & Marshall (1 ♂, DEBU) ; Vicente Pérez Rosales Natl. Pk., Volcan Osorno rd., 300 m, dung pans, 2 Dec 2008, Kits & Marshall (3 ♂, 3 ♀, DEBU) ; Los Ríos: Niebla , dry wrack, pan, 14–15 Nov 1989, S.A. Marshall (1 ♂, 3 ♀, DEBU) ; as above but old wrack, upper beach (23 ♂, 52 ♀, DEBU) ; Niebla , 15 km W Valdivia, wet wrack on beach & upper beach, pan, 14–15 Nov 1989, S.A. Marshall (4 ♂, 3 ♀, DEBU) ; Panguipulli , 26 km SE, 300 m, carrion trap, Nothofagus remnant, 16 Dec 1984 – 11 Feb 1985, S. & J. Peck (1 ♀, DEBU) ; Magallanes: Fuerto Bulnes , 27 Nov 2008, Kits & Marshall (1 ♂, 3 ♀, DEBU) ; Isla Clarence, Bahía Pond , 8 Oct 1969, O.S. Flint, Jr. (1 ♀, USNM) ; Isla Desolación, Puerto Churruca, 5 Oct 1969, O.S. Flint, Jr. (10 ♂, 4 ♀, USNM) ; Isla Navarinas , 1 Jan 1996, A.R. Plant (1 ♂, NMWC) ; Laguna Parillar Natl. Res., trail to Tres Morros , 300 m, 26–29 Nov 2008, Kits & Marshall (5 ♂, 1 ♀, DEBU) ; as above but sweeps, 26 Nov 2008 (4 ♂, 2 ♀, DEBU) ; as above but bog, Cyttaria pans, 26–29 Nov 2008 (5 ♂, 8 ♀, DEBU) ; as above but forest, yellow pans, 26 Nov 2008 (2 ♂, 1 ♀, DEBU) ; as above but forest stream, dung pans, 29 Nov 2008 (19 ♂, 6 ♀, DEBU) ; as above but shrubby bog (3 ♂, 3 ♀, DEBU) ; Laguna Parillar Res. Nac. , 51 km SW of Punta Arenas, 100 m, Nothofagus antarctica forest, carrion traps, 7–9 Jan 1985, S. & J. Peck (2 ♀, DEBU) ; Magallanes Natl. Res., trail to Mirador Zapador Austral , 400 m, 27 Nov 2008, Kits & Marshall (1 ♂, DEBU) ; as above but dung pans (3 ♂, DEBU) ; Peninsula Cordova, Bahía Borja , 7 Oct 1969, O.S. Flint, Jr. (2 ♂, USNM) ; Punta Arenas , 7 Jan 1951, R. Barriuto (1 ♂, USNM) ; Punta Canelo, 9 km E, 1 m, beach wrack, 28 Nov 2008, Kits & Marshall (12 ♂, 9 ♀, DEBU) ; as above but beach wrack, yellow pans (17 ♂, 15 ♀, DEBU) ; Rubens , 60 km ESE of Puerto Natales, 200 m, beech woodland, carrion trap, 9–14 Jan 1985, S. & J. Peck (11 ♂, 18 ♀, DEBU) ; Río Agua Fresca , 1 km N of river mouth, 5 m, beach wrack, yellow pans, 27–28 Nov 2008, Kits & Marshall (1 ♀, DEBU) ; San Juan, 1.5 km S, 1 m, beach wrack, 27 Nov 2008, Kits & Marshall (8 ♂, 7 ♀, DEBU) ; as above but beach wrack, yellow pans (8 ♂, 7 ♀, DEBU) ; Torres del Paine Natl. Pk., Lago Pehoe , 135 km N Puerto Natales, Nothofagus pumilio groves, steppe, carrion trap, 10–12 Jan 1985, S. & J. Peck (15 ♂, 4 ♀, DEBU) ; Maule: Altos del Lircay Natl. Res. , ca. 3000 m, 29 Nov 2006, S.A. Marshall (1 ♂, DEBU) ; as above but streamside pans (2 ♂, 1 ♀, DEBU) ; Valparaíso: Portillo, Río Juncalillo , 2500 m, stream vegetation, 10 Dec 2008, Kits & Marshall (2 ♂, 4 ♀, DEBU) . FALKLAND ISLANDS:: Kidney Is., litter between grass tussocks, 29 Nov 1961, M. Holdgate (2 ♀, BMNH) ; as above but under floor old hut, 30 Nov 1961 (1 ♂, 4 ♀, BMNH) . SOUTH GEORGIA ISLANDS: King Edward Pt., Jan–Feb 1982, V. Nicolai (1 ♂, 1 ♀, CNCI) ; South Georgia I., Grytviken Peninsula, Cumberland, East Bay , under rocks on beach, hand coll., Nov 1963, H.B. Clegg (12 ♂, BPBM) ; South Georgia I., Grytviken Peninsula, Gun Plain , 0–150 m, ex. tussock grass, hand net sweeps, 28 Nov 1963, H.B. Clegg (4 ♂, BPBM) ; South Georgia I., Leith & Stromness Peninsula, ex. moss drier, Mar 1961, N.V. Jones (1 ♂, BPBM) ; South Georgia I., Stromness Peninsula, Husvik , tussock grass nr. beach, hand net sweeps, 7 Jan 1964, H.B. Clegg (1 ♂, BPBM) .

Comments. The holotype of A. chilensis (examined by SAM in 1989) is in poor shape, with several parts detached and mounted on the celluloid holding the specimens; the abdomen is missing entirely. However, Richards' (1931) description and illustration of sternite 5 and the examined paratypes of this species clearly indicate that the above synonymy is correct.

Although we were unable to examine the holotype of A. koenigi despite repeated efforts, the description appears to refer to this species. As well, only two species of archiborborine were present in the examined collection from the South Georgia Islands: A. quadrinotus and A. truncipennis . Thus we believe that the above synonymy is correct, although it may need to be revisited when the holotype become available for examination.

This species is rather variable, which may explain why two different authors (Bigot and Richards) described it twice each. Richards separated his species A. albicans and A. chilensis on the basis of a perceived difference in the shape of the male sternite 5 as well as differences in leg chaetotaxy. However, examination of large series of specimens shows that these characters are variable within populations and do not signify species-level differences. As well, there are no significant differences in the internal genitalia across the wide range of this species. See comments for A. femoralis for a discussion of the morphological separation from that species.

Figures

FIGURES 54–60. Antrops male terminalia. (54) A. quadrinotus, phallus, postgonite, and phallapodeme, lateral view; (55) A. setosus, phallus, postgonite, and phallapodeme, lateral view; (56) A. simplicimanus, phallus, postgonite, and phallapodeme, lateral view; (57) A. simplicimanus, surstylus, anterior view; (58) A. quadrinotus, sternite 5; (59) A. setosus, sternite 5; (60) A. simplicimanus, sternite 5.

FIGURES 204–212. Antrops distribution maps. (204) A. hirtus; (205) A. maculipennis; (206) A. maximus (circles), A. microphthalmus (stars), A. vittatus (diamonds); (207) A. quadrinotus (South Georgia Islands excluded); (208) A. setosus; (209) A. simplicimanus (circles), A. truncipennis (stars); (210) A. variegatus (circles), A. biflavus (stars), A. guaramacalensis (diamonds); (211) A. carpishensis (stars), A. coniobaptos (circles), A. siberia (diamonds); (212) A. podocarpus (circles), A. tequendama (stars).