Cervus elaphus Linnaeus, 1758
publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4522.1.1 |
publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C24EFA8A-A5A0-4B06-A0A9-632F542B9529 |
DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4571330 |
persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/03A0BE3B-6461-FFD2-FF4F-FA4DFEFE560F |
treatment provided by |
Plazi (2019-03-26 18:21:55, last updated 2024-11-28 18:37:14) |
scientific name |
Cervus elaphus Linnaeus, 1758 |
status |
|
Cervus elaphus Linnaeus, 1758 View in CoL View at ENA —Red deer
Cervus elaphus Linnaeus, 1758 p.67 View in CoL View Cited Treatment ; Type locality- Sweden; Won, 1968 p.368; Han, 1994 p.46; Won & Smith, 1999 p.22; Oh, 2004b p.265.
C. xanthopygus Milne-Edwards, 1867 p.376 ; Type locality- northern Manchuria; Kishida & Mori, 1931.
C. luhdorfi Bolau 1880 p.33 ; Type locality- 280 mile east of Vladivostok , northern Manchuria.
C. isubra Noack, 1889 p.9 ; Type locality- Suchan River , North and East Manchuria.
C. bedfordianus Lydekker, 1896 p.932 ; Type locality- Manchuria.
C. xanthopygus var. typicus de Pousargues, 1898 p.209 .
C. canadaensis xanthopygus: Kuroda, 1938 p.7 .
C. elaphus xanthopygus: Tate, 1947 p.346 View in CoL ; Won, 1958 p.431; Won, 1967 p.49; Won, 1968 p.371; Yoon, 1992 p.129.
Range: Red deer were abundant in extreme northeastern Korea in the early 1900s ( Lee 1965) but became rare by the 1960s ( Won 1968). Populations may persist in North Korea at Mt. Baekdu and adjacent areas ( Woo 1990; Won & Smith 1999), although this remains uncertain ( Fig. 71 View FIGURE 71 ).
Remarks: Genetic investigations using mtDNA indicated that an eastern lineage including populations from North America had a closer relation to the populations in Mongolia and northeastern China than populations in Europe ( Mahmut et al. 2002). Ancestral populations of C. elaphus emigrated from northeastern Eurasia to North America via Beringia during the last glacial period in the Pleistocene ( Geist 1998). The genetic distances (2.0%) between North American and Mongolian populations provided an estimated divergence time between 52,000 and 80,000 years ( Polziehn & Strobeck 1998). The recognized subspecies of red deer in Far East Asia including Korea is C. e. xanthopygus ( Won & Smith 1999) .
Conservation status: The North Korean government designated habitat in Samjiyeon at Mt. Baekdu a Natural Monument ( Kim et al. 2015). The Red Data Book for North Korea lists C. elaphus as a ‘Rare’ species (MAB National Committee of DPR Korea 2002). The South Korean government has not addressed the conservation status of the red deer.
Bolau, H. (1880) Ein neuer Hirsch aus dem Amurlande (New deer from Amur). Abhandlungen aus dem Gebiete der Naturwissenschaften / hrsg. vom Naturwissenschaftlichen Ferein in Hamburg, 7, 33 - 35. [in German]
de Pousargues, E. (1898) Etude sur Les Ruminats de L'Asie Centrale (1). Memoires de la Societe Zoologique de France, 11, 126 - 224. [in French]
Geist, V. (1998) Deer of the World: Their Evolution, Behaviour, and Ecology. Stackpole Books, Mechanicsburg, Pennsylvania, 421 pp.
Han, S. H. (1994) The checklist of Mammals in North Korea. Nature Conservation, 86, 44 - 50. [in Korean]
Kim, M. S., Joo, J. S., Oh, S. I, Lee, S. Y., Koh, B. J. & Park, E. C. (2015) Animals of Korea: Mammals. Science and Technology Press, Pyongyang, 211 pp. [in Korean]
Kishida, K. & Mori, T. (1931) On the distribution of terrestrial mammals of Korea. Zoological Magazine, 43, 372 - 391. [in Japanese]
Kuroda, N. (1938) A list of the Japanese Mammals. Published by Author, Tokyo, 122 pp.
Lee, S. O. (1965) Korean wildlife: behind story of hunting. Bakmunsa Publishing, Seoul, 396 pp. [in Korean]
Linnaeus, C. (1758) Systema naturae per regna tria naturae: secundum classes, ordines, genera, species, cum characteribus, differentiis, synonymis, locis. Fol. 1. 10 th Edition. Laurentii Salvii, Stockholm, 824 pp. [in Latin]
Lydekker, R. (1896) On a apparently new deer from North China, in the menagerie of the Duke of Bedford at Woburn Abbey. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London, 1896, 930 - 934. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1896. tb 03088. x
Mahmut, H., Masuda, R., Onuma, M., Takahashi, M., Nagata, J., Suzuki, M. & Ohtaishi, N. (2002) Molecular Phyogeography of the red deer (Cervus elaphus) Populations in Xinjiang of China: comparison with other Asian, European, and North American Populations. Zoological Science, 19, 485 - 495. https: // doi. org / 10.2108 / zsj. 19.485
Milne-Edwards, A. (1867) Observations sur quelques mammiferes du nord de la Chine. Annales des Sciences Naturelles. Zoologie et Biologie Animale, 7, 375 - 377. [in French]
MAB National Committee of DPR Korea (2002) Red Data Book of DPRK (Animal). Democratic People's Republic of Korea, Pyongyang, 316 pp.
Noack, T. (1889) zur saugetierfauna der mandschurischen subregion. Humboldt; Monatsschrift fur die gesamten Naturwissenschaften, 8, 8 - 16. [in German]
Oh, H. S (2004 b) Order Artiodactyla. In: Won, B. O. (Ed.), The mammals of Korea. Dongbang Media Press, Seoul, pp. 255 - 274 [in Korean]
Polziehn, R. O. & Strobeck, C. (1998) Phylogeny of wapiti, red deer, sika deer, and other North American cervids as determined from mitochondrial DNA. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 10, 249 - 258. https: // doi. org / 10.1006 / mpev. 1998.0527
Tate, G. H. (1947) Mammals of Eastern Asia. The Macmillan Company, New York, 366 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.5962 / bhl. title. 6397
Won, P. H. (1958) A hand list of Korean mammals. Bulletin of Kyung-Hee University, 1, 427 - 460.
Won, P. H. (1967) Illustrated encyclopedia of fauna and flora of Korea. Fol. 7. Mammals. Ministry of Education, Seoul, 663 pp. [in Korean]
Won, H. K. (1968) The mammals of Korea. Institute of Science Press, Pyeongyang, 408 pp. [in Korean]
Won, C. M. & Smith, K. G. (1999) History and current status of mammals of the Korean Peninsula. Mammal Review, 29, 3 - 33. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1365 - 2907.1999.00034. x
Woo, H. J. (1990) The report of the rare and endangered species of mammals in Korea. Bulletin of the Korean Association for Conservation of Nature, 10, 5 - 27 [in Korean]
Yoon, M. H. (1992) The wildlife of Korea. Daewonsa Publishing Company, Seoul, 142 pp. [in Korean]
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
Kingdom |
|
Phylum |
|
Class |
|
Order |
|
Family |
|
Genus |
Cervus elaphus Linnaeus, 1758
Jo, Yeong-Seok, Baccus, John T. & Koprowski, John L. 2018 |
C. elaphus xanthopygus:
Yoon 1992: |
Won 1968: |
Won 1967: |
Won 1958: |
Tate 1947: |
C. canadaensis xanthopygus:
Kuroda 1938: |
C. xanthopygus var. typicus
de Pousargues 1898: |
C. bedfordianus
Lydekker 1896: |
C. isubra
Noack 1889: |
C. luhdorfi
Bolau 1880: |
C. xanthopygus
Milne-Edwards 1867: |
1 (by plazi, 2019-03-26 18:21:55)
2 (by ImsDioSync, 2019-03-26 20:17:26)
3 (by ImsDioSync, 2019-03-28 01:44:42)
4 (by ImsDioSync, 2019-03-29 23:47:14)
5 (by ExternalLinkService, 2019-09-25 23:25:35)
6 (by donat, 2021-03-01 21:00:23)
7 (by ExternalLinkService, 2021-03-01 22:20:42)
8 (by admin, 2021-03-02 03:06:46)
9 (by admin, 2021-03-02 04:00:41)
10 (by admin, 2021-03-02 04:11:08)
11 (by ExternalLinkService, 2021-03-02 05:30:30)
12 (by ExternalLinkService, 2022-01-29 14:24:57)
13 (by admin, 2022-03-29 19:11:55)
14 (by julia, 2023-09-18 15:47:54)
15 (by ExternalLinkService, 2023-09-18 20:58:05)