Syagrus pleioclada Burret (1933: 695)

Noblick, Larry R., 2017, A revision of the genus Syagrus (Arecaceae), Phytotaxa 294 (1), pp. 448-450 : 448-450

47. Syagrus pleioclada Burret (1933: 695) . Type:— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Serra do Cipó , without date, E. Werdermann 3916 (holotype B)

Figure 66 plate, Figure 65 map.

Short, solitary, unarmed palm ca. 1 m tall. Stem ca. 0.3–0.5 m × ca. 13 cm, short, caulescent, including persistent leaf bases to nearly acaulescent when young. Leaves 4–7; sheathing leaf base ca. 20–24 × 0.3 cm; pseudopetiole 39–50 cm long; petiole 0–6 × 0.8–1 cm, 0.3 cm thick; rachis 47–97 cm long; leaflets slightly lighter on the abaxial surface, strongly deflexed, 23–25 along one side, in clusters of 2 or 3, inserted at various angles, giving the leaf a slight plumose appearance, no ramenta scales or tomentum present where the leaflets are inserted on the rachis, and none along the abaxial midvein; basal leaflets 42–45 × 0.3–0.8 cm, middle leaflets 28–56 × 1.3–2.8 cm, apical leaflets 30–50 × 0.1–0.4 cm with an asymmetric tip. Inflorescence erect to pendulous, spirally branched; prophyll 14–25 × 1.5–3.5 cm; peduncular bract 34–61 cm long, expanded portion 11–25 × 3–8 cm, including a 1.5–4(–8.5) cm beak,

A REVISION OF THE GENUS SYAGRUS

Phytotaxa 294 (1) © 2017 Magnolia Press • 167 5–10.5 cm perimeter, 1–2 mm thickness, narrow, woody, sulcate, covered externally with brownish tomentum that falls off with age; peduncle ca. 21–46 cm × 4–7 mm, 3–4 mm thick, elliptical in cross-section, covered with short dark brown indument; inflorescence axis 7–14.5 cm long; rachis 5–12.5 cm long; very short gnarled, nodose rachillae 8–21, glabrous, 0.5–3.5 cm long at the apex, 3–7 cm long at the base; staminate flowers 5–8 mm long at the apex, 7–10 × 4–5 mm at the base, green to yellow, sepals 1–2 × 4–5 mm, glabrous, with no visible nerves, petals 7–8 mm long at the apex, 9 × 3–4 mm at the base with acute tips, glabrous with nerves indistinct to obscurely nerved, stamens 3–4.5 mm long, anthers 3–4 mm long, filaments 2 mm long, pistillode less than 1 mm long; basal

168 • Phytotaxa 294 (1) © 2017 Magnolia Press

NOBLICK pistillate flowers pyramidal, 8–11 × 6–8 mm, glabrous, yellow, sepals 10–11 × 6–8 mm, glabrous, veins visible at the margins, keeled, petals 9 × 3–5 mm, glabrous, with raised veins, valvate tips at least ½ of the length of the petal, ca. 5 mm long, pistil 5–6 × 2–3 mm, glabrous, stigmas 3.5–4.5 mm long, glabrous, staminodal ring ca. 1–1.5 mm high, 6-dentate. Fruit ellipsoid or ovoid, 2.2–3 × 1.5–2.1 cm, brownish when mature, covered with a dark brown dense tomentum, epicarp less than 0.5 mm thick, mesocarp 2–3 mm thick, succulent and fibrous; endocarp ca. 2.2– 2.5 × 1.5 cm, 2–3 mm thick on its sides, (3–) 6–7 mm thick at the ends; seed ellipsoid, ca. 1.3 × 1.1 cm, endosperm homogeneous. Germination remote-tubular.

Common name:— coqueirinho, palmeirinha

Etymology:— The specific epithet, pleioclada , means more branches than usual. Perhaps Burret was surprised at the number of closely spaced rachillae on such a short inflorescence.

Distribution and habitat:— Endemic to the Brazilian state of Minas Gerais, in the Serra do Espinhaço from the Serra do Cipó northward to Diamantina, in campo rupestre or cerrado, generally in rocky, sandy soils.

Conservation:— This palm is protected within the boundaries of a national park (Serra do Cipó) and a reserve just south of Diamantina. Outside of the park the palm is resilient and grows in both sandy and very rocky areas in soils of little agricultural importance. It appears to be resistant to frequent burning. This species is classified as least concern, LC.

Phenology:— Fruits sparsely at the end of spring and at the beginning of summer (November–February).

Uses:— The fruits are eaten by rodents. The plant possesses a potential for cultivation in landscaping.

Notes:— A short-stemmed palm with strongly deflexed, clustered leaflets and an inflorescence with very short, distinctively gnarled rachillae.

Representative specimens:— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Chapéu do Sol, Serra do Cipó- 3 km north of Chapeu do Sol, just below km 110, 13 August 1985, P.C. Hutchison 8904 (UEC!); Conceição do Mato Dentro, 50 km S of the city near the Parque Nacional do Serra do Cipó, ca. 5 km N of Fazenda and Restaurant Chapéu do Sol, 1000– 1300 m, –19.03, –43.42, 23 March 1992, L.R. Noblick 4853 (BHCB!, FTG!, MBML!, MO!, NY!, US!); Conceição do Mato Dentro, Serra do Cipo, Rodovia Belo Horizonte-Conceição do Mato (MG 010), km 110 (antigo 115), – 19.04, –43.43, without date, D.C. Zappi et al. 10266 (SPF! 51838!); Diamantina, Estrada para Curvelo, a 10 km de Diamantina, –18.26, –43.68, 6 May 2004, H. Lorenzi et al. 4838 (HPL!, IAC); Diamantina, RPPN Pau-de-Fruta, – 18.25, –43.60, 17 March 2002, Mota , R.C. da 1607 (BHCB); Diamantina, 3 September 1973, J. Semir et al. 4350 (SPF!); Diamantina, nas margens da rodovia no km 597, lado esquerdo, sentido Serro, 1383 m, –18.26, –43.68, 21 June 2008, R. Tsuji et al. 2710 (HPL!); Gouveia, Rod. BR 259, –18.45, –43.74, 21 January 1972, G. Hatschbach 29090 (MBM!); Jaboticatubas, km 126 ao longo da rodovia Lagoa Santo—Conceição do Mato Dentro-Diamantina, 17 April 1972, A.B. Joly et al. 1963 (SPF!); Jaboticatubas [Santa Ana do Riacho], –19.51, –43.75, 24 October 1974, G. Hatschbach 35313 (F!, MBM!); Jaboticatubas, Conceição do Mato Dentro-Diamantina, –19.51, – 43.75, 27 May 1972, A.B. Joly 2208 (UEC!); Jaboticatubas, Serra do Cipó, –19.51, –43.75, 26 July 1979, W. Mantovani 94 (SP!); Jaboticatubas, Fazenda da Serra do Cipó, 1400 m, –19.51, –43.74, 24 February 1996, J. Mullins 3 (NY); Jaboticatubas, km 126 ao longo da rodovia Lagoa Santo—Conceição do Mato Dentro-Datas, between Rio Parauna and Datas, 1892, A.F.M. Glaziou 20023 (K, P); Jaboticatubas, Serra do Cipo, 5 km N of Chapeu de Sol, 1100 m, 29 April 1952, L.B. Smith 6699 (BH, US!); Palácio, Serra do Cipó, kilômetro 131, 4 December 1949, A.P. Duarte 2018, 2019 (RB!); Pres. Juscelino Kubitschek, June 1990, K.I. Horst 65 (MBML!); Santa Luzia, Serra do Cipo km 134, 15 April 1935, H.L.M. Barreto & Brade 1206 (BHCB!, RB!); Santa Luzia, Serra do Cipo km 131, Palacio, 4 February 1938, H.L.M. Barreto 8882 (BHCB!); Santa Luzia, –19.77, –43.85, without date, H.L.M. Barreto 11382 (BHCB); Santa do Pirapama, Fazenda Inhams ( Serra Mineira ) Serra do Cipo, – 18.92, –43.90, 20 March 1982, J.R. Pirani et al. 7999 (SPF!); Santana do Pirapama. Serra do Cipó ( Serra da Lapa ). Distrito de São José da Cachoeira. Trilha da Captação da Fazenda Toucan Cipó. 680, –19.01, –43.76, 17 February 2007, V.C. Souza et al. 32540 (ESA!); Santana do Pirapama. Serra do Cipó ( Serra da Lapa ). Distrito de São José da Cachoeira. Trilha do João Carrinho, 756–1080, –43.74, –19.05, 18 February 2007, V.C. Souza et al. 32688 (ESA!); Santana do Pirapama, Serra do Cipó, acesso pela Faz. Inhame. Trilha do João Carrinho, –19.05, –43.74, 25 February 2009, D.C. Zappi 1582 (RB); Santana do Riacho, Cadeia do Espinhaço-Serra do Cipó, –19.17, –43.71, 2 July 1989, H.F. Leitão Filho 21754 (UEC!); Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, 5 May 2004, H. Lorenzi 4832 (HPL!); Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, 10 May 1974, G. Martinelli 257 (RB!); Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, entre km 103–104, –19.17, –43.71, 26 April 1978, G. Martinelli 4325 (RB!); Santana do Riacho, Serra de Cipó , estrada Conceição do Mato Dentro-Chapéu do Sol, próximo 20 km 114, 1000 m, –19.17, –43.71, 16

A REVISION OF THE GENUS SYAGRUS

Phytotaxa 294 (1) © 2017 Magnolia Press • 169 December 1979, G. Martinelli & G. Smith 6333 (MO!, RB); Santana do Riacho, km 105/6 ao longo da rodovia Belo Horizonte-Conceição do Mato Dentro, S. Mayo et al. 7062 (SP!, SPF!); Santana do Riacho, na localidade Serra da Bandeira, 1160 –1180 m, 17 February 1982, W. Mantovani et al. 7791 (SPF 34519!); Santana do Riacho, Parque Nacional da Serra do Cipó, –19.17, –43.71, 28 March 1992, M. Pereira & M. Lucca s.n. (BHCB); Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, –19.17, –43.71, 2 May 1993, V.C. Souza & C.M. Sakuragui 3419 (ESA!); Santana do Riacho, –19.17, –43.71, 12 January 1996, V.C. Souza et al. 10233 (ESA!); Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, Rodovia Belo Horizonte-Conceição do Mato Dentro, próximo ao inicio da estrada da usina, 1050 m, –19.29, – 43.60, 28 February 2002, V.C. Souza et al. 28568 (ESA!); Santana do Riacho, Serra do Cipó, cerca de 1–2 km acima do Córrego Chapéu de Sol. –19.17, –43.71, 3 July 7 1996, V.C. Souza et al. 11564 (ESA!); Santana do Riacho, 105/6 ao long da rodovia Belo Horizonte-Conceição do Mato Dentro, 20 March 1983, M.G.L. Wanderley 567 (SPF!); Serra do Cipó, entre km 130–132, 5 April 1951, G.A. Black & M. Magalhães 51-11877 (IAN!); Serra do Cipó, km 134. 15 April 1935, A.C. Brade 14781 (RB); Serra do Cipó, km 118, 14 February 1963, A.P. Duarte 7617 (RB!); Serra Cipó , 107 km N of Belo Horizonte, 1200 m, 10 July 1965, S.F. Glassman 8037–8042 (F!, FTG!, MO, NY, RB, SP!); Serra do Cipó, 5 March 1958, E.P. Heringer s.n. (SP! SP-80005); Serra do Cipó, estrada que liga Cardeal Mota para Conceição do Mato Dentro, 29 July 2004, H. Lorenzi 4909 (HPL!).

Figures

FIGURE 65. Distribution maps of Syagrus pimentae, pleioclada, S. pleiocladoides, S. pompeoi, S. procumbens, S. pseudococos, S. romanzoffiana, S. rupicola, and S. ruschiana.

FIGURE 66. Syagrus pleioclada. A. Habit. B. Portion of the adaxial side of the leaf showing strongly deflexed leaflets. C. Palm with inflorescence and leaf with deflexed leaflets. D. Close of inflorescence. E. Inflorescence with pistillate flowers on characteristically short gnarled rachillae. F. Infructescence. (Noblick 4853).