Gonatopus, Ljungh, 1810

Guglielmino, Adalgisa & Olmi, Massimo, 2014, Revision of the Afrotropical species of Gonatopus group 3 (Hymenoptera: Dryinidae), with description of a new species from Ghana, Zootaxa 3802 (1), pp. 35-50 : 36-38

Gonatopus groups

Gonatopus females were divided for convenience by Olmi and Virla (2014) into twelve groups. The above 12 groups are distinguished on the basis of the following characters:

1 Fully winged.................................................................................. Group 11

- Apterous........................................................................................... 2

2 Enlarged claw without subapical tooth ( Fig. 9 in Olmi 1994b), or with one very small subapical tooth (Plate 181A in Olmi & Virla 2014) 3

- Enlarged claw with one large subapical tooth (Plate 168D, E in Olmi & Virla 2014)............................... 6

3 Distal apex of enlarged claw with group of lamellae ( Fig. 9 in Olmi 1994b)................................. Group 8

- Distal apex of enlarged claw without lamellae (Plates 181A, E, 182E-G, 183C, D in Olmi & Virla 2014)................ 4

4 Pronotum crossed by strong transverse furrow (Plates 181C, D, 182A-D, 183A, B in Olmi & Virla 2014)......... Group 7

- Pronotum not crossed by transverse furrow or slightly impressed (Plates 202, 203A, C in Olmi & Virla 2014)........... 5

5 Palpal formula 6/3.............................................................................. Group 12

- Palpal formula different........................................................................... Group 6

6 Pronotum not crossed by transverse furrow or slightly impressed (as in Plate 172B in Olmi & Virla 2014).............. 7

- Pronotum crossed by strong transverse furrow (Plates 164C, 167E in Olmi & Virla 2014)........................... 8

7 Labial palpi 3-segmented......................................................................... Group 9

- Labial palpi 2-segmented.......................................................................... Group 5

8 Enlarged claw without lamellae, with or without bristles or peg-like hairs (Plate 153B, D in Olmi & Virla 2014).... Group 1

- Enlarged claw with lamellae (Plates 154E, F, 155 D, E in Olmi & Virla 2014)..................................... 9

9 Labial palpus 2-segmented............................................................................ 10

- Labial palpus 3-segmented............................................................................. 11

10 Maxillary palpus composed of 2–4 segments.......................................................... Group 2

- Maxillary palpus 5-segmented.................................................................... Group 10

11 Maxillary palpus 6-segmented..................................................................... Group 4

- Maxillary palpus with 4–5 segments.................................................................... 12

12 Maxillary palpus 5-segmented..................................................................... Group 3

- Maxillary palpus 4-segmented.................................................................... Group 10

The above groups are distributed in the zoogeographical regions as follows:

Palaearctic: groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 11.

Afrotropical: groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 11.

Oriental: groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10.

Nearctic: groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 10, 12.

Neotropical: groups 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 10, 12.

Australian: groups 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9.

As far as, it is not possible divide also males into the above groups.

Afrotropical species of Gonatopus group 3

Key to the species

Eleven species are known.

Females

1 Enlarged claw with distal apex very broad ( Fig. 11 )............................................ G. fuscus (Olmi)

- Enlarged claw with distal apex tapering, not broad ( Figs 2 , 5, 6 , 13–14 , 16–19, 22 )................................ 2

2 Metathorax + propodeum with strong median longitudinal furrow ( Fig. 1 )......................................... 3

- Metathorax + propodeum without strong median longitudinal furrow............................................. 4

3 Metanotum little hollow behind scutellum ( Fig. 4 )........................................... G. acuminatus (Olmi)

- Metanotum very hollow behind scutellum ( Fig. 15 )..................... G. nicator Olmi

4 Scutum and metanotum with two lateral pointed apophyses ( Fig. 12 )........................................... 5

- Scutum without lateral pointed apophyses; at most metanotum with lateral pointed protrusions ( Fig. 7 )................ 8

5 Meso-metapleural suture obsolete, at most hardly visible in posterior half........................ G. madecassus Olmi

- Meso-metapleural suture distinct and complete............................................................. 6

6 Scutum very slender, twice as long as broad (length calculated from anterior margin to imaginary line joining two lateral pointed apophyses of scutum).............................................................. G. mixtus Olmi

- Scutum less slender, about as long as broad (length calculated from anterior margin to imaginary line joining two lateral pointed apophyses of scutum)............................................................................ 7

7 Head shiny, unsculptured, except frontal line; distal apex of segment 5 of protarsus with less than 20 lamellae ( Fig. 17 )........................................................................................ G. pluvialis Olmi

- Head dull, with many longitudinal striae on face and many transverse striae on sides of ocelli; distal apex of segment 5 of protarsus with more than 20 lamellae ( Fig. 19 )..................................................... G. ruvidus Olmi

8 Metanotum with sides rounded, not protruding; metathorax + propodeum black....................... G. c a fe r (Olmi)

- Metanotum with sides protruding (protrusions rounded or pointed); metathorax + propodeum black, or testaceous-reddish.................................................................................................... 9

9 Anterior surface of metathorax + propodeum unsculptured......................................... G. ruber (Olmi)

- Anterior surface of metathorax + propodeum sculptured by numerous slight longitudinal striae...................... 10

10 Mesosoma testaceous-reddish............................................................... G. ceres (Olmi)

- Mesosoma mostly black, except scutum mostly yellow, metanotum brown and posterior apex of propodeum yellow......................................................................................... G. schwarzorum sp. nov.

Males. Unknown.

Figures

FIGURES 8 – 11. Gonatopus fuscus, female holotype (length 4.0 mm). 8, head in frontal view; 9, female holotype in dorsal view; 10, mesosoma in lateral view; 11, chela. Scale bar 0.8 mm for 8, 1.4 mm for 9, 0.6 mm for 10, 0.1 mm for 11.

FIGURES 1 – 4. Gonatopus acuminatus, female holotype (length 3.1 mm). 1, dorsal view; 2, chela; 3, lateral view; 4, mesosoma in lateral view. Scale bar 0.9 mm for 1 and 4, 0.2 mm for 2, 0.6 mm for 3.

FIGURES 5 – 7. 5. Gonatopus cafer, chela of female holotype. 6, 7. G. ceres, female holotype (6, chela; 7, mesothorax and metathorax + propodeum, in dorsal view). Scale bar 0.2 mm for 5 and 6, 0.6 mm for 7.

FIGURES 12 – 14. 12, 13. Gonatopus madecassus, female holotype (12, mesothorax and metathorax + propodeum in dorsal view; 13, chela). 14. G. mixtus, female holotype, chela. Scale bar 0.8 mm for 12, 0.4 mm for 13, 0.3 mm for 14.

FIGURES 15 – 18. 15, 16. Gonatopus nicator, female holotype (15, mesosoma in lateral view; 16, chela). 17. G. pluvialis, female holotype, chela. 18. G. r u b e r, female holotype, chela. Scale bar 1.1 mm for 15, 0.3 mm for 16, 0.2 mm for 17 and 18.

FIGURES 19 – 22. 19. Gonatopus ruvidus, female holotype, chela. 20 – 22. G. schwarzorum sp. nov., female holotype (20, mesosoma in lateral view; 21, mesosoma in dorsal view; 22, chela). Scale bar 0.4 mm for 19, 0.8 mm for 20, 0.7 mm for 21, 0.2 mm for 22.