Empis (Coptophlebia) nahaeoensis, Daugeron & Grootaert (Daugeron & Grootaert, 2003

Daugeron, Christophe & Grootaert, Patrick, 2005, Phylogenetic systematics of the Empis (Coptophlebia) hyalea-group (Insecta: Diptera: Empididae), Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 145 (3), pp. 339-391 : 380-381

EMPIS (COPTOPHLEBIA) NAHAEOENSIS CLADE

Monophyly: The monophyly of this clade is supported by two characters: epandrial lamellae narrowly separated dorsally [character 26(1)], and epandrium with a regular dorsal row of very strong, long bristles [33(1)].

Distribution ( Fig. 40 ): This group is recorded from South-east Asia [ China (Yunnan), Myanmar and Thailand].

Remarks: Even if E. persimilis Frey is not included in the phylogenetic analysis and not reviewed taxonomically, a preliminary morphological study of this species permits its inclusion in the E. (C.) nahaeoensis clade as well as in the key given below.

KEY TO SPECIES OF THE EMPIS (COPTOPHLEBIA) NAHAEOENSIS CLADE (MALES ONLY) 1. Fore femur with a strong to spine-like posteroventral bristle apically, cercus with 1 very strong spine-like curved bristle laterally ( Figs 37 , 39 ; Daugeron & Grootaert, 2003a: fig. 6) ...................................................................................... 2 Fore femur without a strong to spine-like posteroventral bristles apically, cercus without a very strong spine-like curved bristle laterally........................................................................................................................................................ 4

2. Fore femur with a short anteroventral spine apically, fore tarsomeres 2–5 with short dorsal bristles......................... .............................................................................................................. E. (C.) pseudonahaeoensis sp. nov. ( Thailand) Fore femur without a short anteroventral spine apically or with a single bristle, fore tarsomeres 2–5 with long dorsal bristles.................................................................................................................................................................................. 3

3. Fore tarsomeres 2–5 more or less rounded, with numerous dorsal bristles, anterodorsal rounded projection of epandrium without short spine-like apically rounded spines, epandrium with a long apical prolongation bearing c. 15 strong, long bristles, with a second fan of strong, long bristles ventrally ( Fig. 37 ) ......................................................... .................................................................................................................................. E. (C.) kuaensis sp. nov. ( Thailand) Fore tarsomeres 2–5 not rounded, with dorsal bristles less numerous, anterodorsal rounded projection of epandrium with 2 short spine-like apically rounded spines, epandrium with a short apical projection bearing c. 10 strong, long bristles, without a second fan of bristles ventrally ( Daugeron & Grootaert, 2003a: fig. 6)............................................. ....................................................................................................... E. (C.) nahaeoensis Daugeron & Grootaert ( Thailand)

4. Phallus bent at right angle apically ( Fig. 36B ), epandrium with 2 anterodorsal brushes of very strong, rather long, apically rounded bristles ( Fig. 36A )............................................................................. E. (C.) incurva sp. nov. ( China) Phallus long, slender, not bent, epandrium with 2 dorsal single protuberances bearing distinct bristles ....................................................................................................................................... E. (C.) persimilis Frey ( Myanmar)

EMPIS (COPTOPHLEBIA) INCURVA SP. NOV.

( FIG. 36 )

Type material: Holotype: male, China, Yunnan Province, Jinhong, Mengyang , 8.iii.1999, primary rainforest, P.Grootaert (sample 99060) ( KBIN –IRScNB) . Paratypes: 8 males, 1 female, same data as holotype ; 17 males, same data but 11.iii.1999 (sample 99090) ( KBIN –IRScNB) ; 1 male, same data but 11.iii.1999 (sample 99091) ( KBIN –IRScNB) .

Other material: Because their abdomen is missing or genitalia are in poor condition, the following male specimens are not considered as paratypes: 2 males, China, Yunnan Province, Jinhong, Mengyang , 8.iii.1999, primary rainforest, P.Grootaert (sample 99060) ( KBIN –IRScNB); 4 males, same data but 11.iii.1999 (sample 99090) ( KBIN –IRScNB) .

Etymology: From the Latin word incurvus meaning curved in reference to the shape of the phallus, which is strongly bent apically.

Description: A blackish species of middle size; epandrium with a characteristic anterodorsal double brush of strong bristles, a row of 8 very strong, long dorsal bristles apically, phallus bent at right angle apically.

MALE: HEAD. Occiput blackish with grey dusting. Face, palpus, antenna black. First flagellomere conical, second and third flagellomeres aristiform. Proboscis blackish. Labrum length c. 1.5× head height. Labium rather thick, well sclerotized, with numerous short bristles. THORAX blackish, scutum subshiny, prescutellar depression, scutellum dusty. All bristles black. Antepronotum with some lateral bristles. Proepisternum, prosternum with 1 strong, rather long bristle. Acrostichals apparently uniserial, fine. Dorsocentrals uniserial, ending with 2 strong, long bristles in prescutellar depression. Anterior and posterior spiracles blackish. LEGS brownish. Fore tibia with dorsal row of c. 20 short bristles, ventrally covered with very fine, short bristly hairs; fore tarsomeres with distinct bristles at tip. Mid femur with some strong, long ventral bristles in basal third; mid tibia anteroventrally covered with short bristles, 1 strong, long ventral at basal quarter, 2 strong, long dorsals (at middle, apically); mid tarsomeres with apical circlet of distinct bristles. Hind femur with some distinct bristles postero- and anterodorsally; hind tibia with numerous strong, long ventral, antero- and posterodorsal bristles; first three hind tarsomeres thick; first two hind tarsomeres covered with numerous strong, long dorsal bristles; other hind tarsomeres with apical circlet of strong bristles. WING (length = 2.75) faintly tinged with brown. A1 abbreviated. Halter black. ABDOMEN black except for first five sternites brownish to yellowish, with tergite 8 slightly more sclerotized anterolaterally, distinct bristles at base and at posterior margin of tergites; sternite 8 with strong posterior bristles. HYPOPYGIUM ( Fig. 36 ). Cercus with anterodorsal protuberance bearing brush of numerous fine bristles. Epandrium with pair of dorsal projections bearing brush of strong, long, apically rounded bristles; row of 8 strong, long dorsal bristles at tip. Hypandrium membranous ventrally. Phallus thick at base, bent at right angle apically.

FEMALE: Similar to male except for following characters: anteroventral ommatidia somewhat enlarged, frons as wide as face, shiny. Legs with all bristles shorter; mid femur with short ventral subpennate bristles at middle; hind femur with rather long dorsal pennation except apically, ventral pennation except basally; hind tibia with short ventral subpennate bristles on basal half. Tergites subshiny except for last three.

Figures

Figure 36. The Empis (Coptophlebia) nahaeoensis clade, male of E. (C.) incurva sp. nov. A, epandrium and cercus in lateral view; B, hypandrium and phallus in lateral view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

Figure 37. The Empis (Coptophlebia) nahaeoensis clade, E. (C.) kuaensis sp. nov. male hypopygium in lateral view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

Figure 39. The Empis (Coptophlebia) nahaeoensis clade, male of E. (C.) pseudonahaeoensis sp. nov. epandrium and cercus in lateral view. Scale bar = 0.1 mm.

Figure 40. Distribution of the Empis (Coptophlebia) nahaeoensis clade: E. (C.) incurva sp. nov. = 2; E. (C.) kuaensis sp. nov. = 4; E. (C.) nahaeoensis Daugeron & Grootaert = 3; E. (C.) persimilis Frey = 1; E. (C.) pseudonahaeoensis sp. nov. = 3.