Zavrelia, Kieffer & Bause, 1913

Namayandeh, Armin, Hudson, Patrick L., Ghaderi, Edris & Stott, Wendylee, 2023, Zavrelia parapentatoma (Chironomidae: Diptera), a curious new species from North America, revealed by molecular methods, Zootaxa 5249 (1), pp. 111-124 : 120

Key to the known pupae of Zavrelia

1. The anterior of thorax and frontal apotome rugose. Anterior dorsocentral taeniate and longer than the remaining dorsocentrals ( Ekrem & Stur 2009: Fig. 4A, B )........................................................ Z. casasi Ekrem &Stur

- The anterior of thorax and frontal apotome smooth. Anterior dorsocentral simple, shorter, or longer than the remaining dorsocentrals......................................................................................... 2

2. Frontal tubercle absent to weakly developed................................................................ 3

- Frontal tubercle well-developed.......................................................................... 4

3. The median patches of microspinules on tergites II–V well-extended, and those of II–IV not divided in the middle ( Ekrem & Stur 2009: Fig. 9C). Anal lobe seta is simple......................................... Z. pentatoma Kieffer & Bause

- The median patches of microspinules on tergites II–V not well-extended, and those of II–IV appear divided in the middle with only a few micospinules ( Fig. 5C ). Anal lobe seta is prominent and taeniate................... Z. parapentatoma sp. nov.

4. Segment V of the abdomen with 4 taeniate lateral setae....................................................... 5

- Segment V of the abdomen with 3 taeniate lateral setae....................................................... 6

5. Tergites V–VI with large parallel rectangular patches of microspinules that could be connected anteriorly. Pleura II–III without shagreens ( Ekrem & Stur 2009: Fig. 2C )................................................ Z. aristate Ekrem & Stur

- Tergites V–VI with continous patches of microspinules. Pleura II–III with shagreens ( Zorina, 2008: Fig. 6)...................................................................................................... Z. elenae Zorina

6. Tubercle of prealar not developed..................................................... Z. hudsoni Ekrem & Stur

- Tubercle of prealar moderately to well-developed............................................................ 7

7. Segment III of the abdomen with semi-taeniate lateral setae. Thoracic horn <300 μm long ( Ekrem & Stur 2009: Figs. 11B–C)................................................................................. Z. sinica Ekrem & Stur

- Segment III of the abdomen with simple lateral setae. Thoracic horn> 330 μm long ( Zorina, 2008: Figs. 16, 18)......... Z. pseudopentatoma Zorina

Figures

FIGURE 2. Histogram of genetic distance estimates from ABGD (Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery) for a partition analysis of 19 cytochrome oxidase subunit1 sequences of the Zavrelia and Stempellinella species. nbr = number of runs.

FIGURE 4. Zavrelia parapentatoma sp. nov., pupa (A-C), larva (D-G). A. frontal apotome; B. thoracic horn; C. abdomen; D. antenna; E. premandible; F. mandible; G. mentum. Scale bars represent 50 µm.

FIGURE 5. Zavrelia parapentatoma sp. nov. location and habitat of larva (A–B), mature larva in the case (C–D), prepupa case openings (E–F). A. Ervin-Stucki Preserve in Washtenaw County, Southeast Michigan, looking towards the Raisin River; B. Detrital material along the edge of the boardwalk; C. prepupae larvae that crawled to the edge of the dish (arrows); D. mature larva in the case; E. larger opening of the case; F. smaller opening of the case.