Seira trisetosa, Nunes & Cipola & Bellini, 2021

Nunes, Rudy Camilo, Cipola, Nikolas Gioia & Bellini, Bruno Cavalcante, 2021, Two new species of Seira Lubbock, 1870 (Collembola: Entomobryidae: Seirinae) from Brazilian Caatinga, Zootaxa 5048 (1), pp. 1-30 : 17-22

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.5048.1.1
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D8D39DE7-B270-4D1D-8CB3-25286966F751
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039B87F0-D716-FC64-FF49-FF3ABD5EFE18
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Seira trisetosa
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Seira trisetosa View in CoL sp. nov. Nunes, Bellini & Cipola

Figs 14–22 View FIGURE 14 View FIGURE 15 View FIGURE 16 , Table 2

Type material. Holotype male on slide ( CC /UFRN), Brazil, Piauí State, Caracol municipality, Parque Nacional Serra das Confusões (9°13’29.37”S, 43°27’57.99”W), transitional zone between Caatinga and Cerrado biomes, 24–26.i.2016, R. C. Nunes coll. GoogleMaps Paratype 1 female on slide ( INPA-CLL 0000116 ), same data as holotype except for collection point coordinates (9º12’49.68”S, 43°30’21.75”W) GoogleMaps . Paratypes 1 male and 1 juvenile on slides ( CC / UFRN), same data as holotype except for collection point coordinates (9°6’56.96”S, 43°23’47.72”W) GoogleMaps .

Diagnosis. Ant. IV not annulated or subsegmented, with a bilobed apical bulb. Two conic inner labral papillae, outer papillae smaller and almost imperceptible, as small protuberances. Labial basomedian field r chaeta reduced. Head’s ventral groove surrounded by 3 ciliated chaetae, postlabial chaetotaxy with: G1–4, H2–4, J1–J4, all ciliated with exception of J2, plus one chaeta without clear homology (?) and 0 – 1 small smooth chaeta. Dorsal head macrochaetotaxy with 8 ‘An’, 3–4 ‘A’ (A0, A2–3, A5 also as mic), 3 ‘M’ (M1–2, M4), 5 ‘S’ (S0–3, S5), 5 ‘Pa’ (Pa1–5), 2 ‘Pm’ (Pm1, Pm3), 4 ‘Pp’ (Pp1–3, Pp5), 2 ‘Pe’ (Pe2–3) plus one posterior mac without clear homology. Th. III with 7–8 (a2, a4–5, p1–2–2a–2ea and p3; p2ea also as mic) and Abd. I with 3 (m2, m3 and m4i) central mac, respectively. Abd. IV with 7–8 central mac (A3p, A5, B3–6, Si and Sm), devoid of extra posterior psp. Metatrochanteral organ with 15–22 spiny smooth chaetae. Unguiculus acuminate, with the postero-external lamella slightly serrated. Collophore anterior side with 2 distal ciliated mac plus 4–5 proximal spines, posterior side with 1–2 smooth chaetae plus 3 spines, lateral flap with about 6 smooth and 4–5 ciliated chaetae. Manubial plate with 4 ciliated chaetae and 2–3 psp. Manubrium ventral formula with 1,2,2,2/2,10 ciliated chaetae.

Description. Habitus as in the Fig. 14 View FIGURE 14 . Pale to yellowish ground with dark blue pigment on Ant. I–IV, anterior dorsal head (between the eyes), light blue pigment over legs, anterior manubrium, and anterolateral edges of the Th. II. Eye patches deep black. Scales covering Ant. I–II to proximal 1/3 of the Ant. III, all head, trunk, legs (except empodia), anterior collophore (from the base to the apex), manubrium and dens ventrally. Total length (head + trunk) of the studied specimens ranging between 1.11–1.58 mm in adults (holotype 1.37 mm). Antennae shorter than body length. Antennae: trunk ratio as 1: 1.75–1.88 (holotype 1: 1.88). Antennal ratio in the studied specimens as I: II: III: IV = 1: 1.5–2.54: 1.75–2.72: 2.1–3.91 (holotype 1: 2.54: 2.72: 3.91). Abd. III: IV ratio in the midline of the studied specimens as 1: 3.08–3.45 (holotype 1: 3.45).

Head ( Figs 15–17 View FIGURE 15 View FIGURE 16 ): Ant. IV simple, not annulated or subsegmented, with at least three types of chaetae: blunt sens, bristle-like sens and ciliated chaetae, apical bulb apically bilobed ( Fig. 15A View FIGURE 15 ). Ant. III sense organ with 2 rods, 1 small spiny and 2 blunt sens as guard sensilla, plus some surrounding bristle-like sens, blunt sens and ciliated chaetae ( Fig. 15B View FIGURE 15 ). Ant. I dorsally with 3 sens-like mic at the base. Prelabral chaetae ciliated. Labral chaetae p0–1 longer than p2 and m series, a series subequal to m. Inner labral papillae conical, outer papillae almost imperceptible, as small protuberances. Labial basolateral and basomedian fields formula as M1–2rEL1–2a1–5, r chaeta reduced ( Fig. 16 View FIGURE 16 ). Labial palp with 5 proximal smooth chaetae, p3 and an2 smaller than others ( Fig. 16 View FIGURE 16 ). Labial palp papillae and guard-chaetae formula as: H(2), A(0), B(5), C(0), D(4), E(4) + l.p. finger-shaped, surpassing the papilla base. Outer maxillary lobe with basal and distal chaetae subequal and smooth; sublobal plate with 3 main appendages, basal one slightly smaller than the others, plus 1 outer reduced smooth appendage ( Fig. 16 View FIGURE 16 ). Ventral postlabial chaetotaxy as in Fig. 16 View FIGURE 16 , with: G1–4, H2–4, J1–J4 ciliated chaetae, except for a smooth J2, plus one anterior ciliated chaeta without clear homology (?) and 0–1 small smooth chaeta on the medial field, posteriorly only with one b.c. ciliated. Eye lenses A–B and E larger than the others, C–D and F subequal, G–H slightly smaller, with 5 interocular chaetae ( Fig. 17). Dorsal macrochaetotaxy with 8 antennal (An), 3–4 anterior (A0, A2–3, A5; A5 also as mic), 3 medio-ocellar (M1–2, M4), 5 sutural (S0–3, S5), 5 post-occipital anterior (Pa1–5), 2 post-occipital medial (Pm1, Pm3), 4 post-occipital posterior (Pp1–3, Pp5), 2 post-occipital external (Pe2–3) and one posterior mac without clear homology. Further details on the idiochaetotaxy are presented in Fig. 17.

Dorsal trunk chaetotaxy: Figs 18–20 View FIGURE 18 View FIGURE 19 View FIGURE 20 . Th. II with 1 ms and 1 al; with 4 anterior (a5–5p–5i–i2, excluding the anterior collar), 5–7 medial (m1–1i, m2–2i, m4–4p–4i; m1i and m4i also as mic) and 12–14 posterior (p1–1p– 1i–1i2–1ip, p2–2a–2p, p2e–2ep–2ea, p3–3p, p5; p1p and p1ip also as mic) mac ( Fig. 18A View FIGURE 18 ). Th. III with 1 al; 3 anterior (a2, a4–5), 1 medial (m6) and 4–5 posterior (p1, p2–2a–2ea, p3; p2ea also as mic) mac ( Fig. 18B View FIGURE 18 ). Abd. I with 1 ms and 3 medial (m2, m3, m4i) mac ( Fig. 19A View FIGURE 19 ). Abd. II with 1 as and 1 accessory sens (acc.p6); 1 anterior (a2) and 3 medial (m3–3e, m5), plus 2 bothriotricha (a5, m2) ( Fig. 19B View FIGURE 19 ). Abd. III with 1 as, 1 ms and 1 accessory sens (acc.p6); 2–3 medial (m3, am6, pm6; am6 also as mic) and 3 posterior (p6, p7–7i) mac, plus 3 bothriotricha (a5, m2, m5) ( Fig. 19C View FIGURE 19 ). Abd. IV central sens not seen; mac formula as 1–2 ‘A’ (A3p, A5; A3p also as mic), 4 ‘B’ (B3–6), 1 ‘De’ (De3), 5 ‘E’ (E2–4p), 1–2 ‘Ee’ (Ee10, Ee12; Ee10 present or absent), 5 ‘F’ (F1–3p), 2 ‘Fe’ (Fe4–5), plus 2 secondary mac (Si, Sm), 3 bothriotricha (T2, T4, D3) and with 5–6 posterior mic ( Fig. 20A View FIGURE 20 ). Abd. V with 1 as and 2 accessory sens (acc.p4–5); 2 anterior (a5–6), 4 medial (m2–3, m5–5a), 2 posteroanterior (p5a–p6ai) and 6 posterior (p1, p3–5, ap6–pp6) mac ( Fig. 20B View FIGURE 20 ). Further details on the idiochaetotaxy are presented in Figs 18–20 View FIGURE 18 View FIGURE 19 View FIGURE 20 .

Legs, collophore and furcula ( Figs 21–22 View FIGURE 21 View FIGURE 22 ): Metatrochanteral organ with 15–22 spiny smooth chaetae (15 in holotype) ( Fig. 21A View FIGURE 21 ). Tibiotarsi not subdivided. Unguis with 4 inner teeth, 2 paired at the base, both equally sized, 1 median larger and 1 slightly smaller apical tooth; plus 1 pair of lateral teeth (only one side represented in the Fig. 21B View FIGURE 21 ) and 1 external unpaired tooth. Unguiculi acuminate, with the postero-external lamella slightly serrated. Tenent hair ciliated and capitate. Tibiotarsus III with 1 inner distal smooth chaeta near the unguiculus ( Fig. 21B View FIGURE 21 ). Ratio of the smooth chaeta: tenent hair: unguiculus: unguis of holotype as 1: 1.4: 1: 1.8. Collophore anterior side with 9–10 ciliated chaetae, 2 of them as distal mac, plus 4–5 proximal spines ( Fig. 21C View FIGURE 21 ); posterior side with 1–2 smooth chaetae plus 3 short spines; lateral flap with about 6 smooth and 4–5 ciliated chaetae, 3 smooth chaetae longer than the others ( Fig. 21D View FIGURE 21 ); manubrial plate with 4 ciliated chaetae, the internal 2 slightly larger than the lateral ones, and 2–3 psp ( Fig. 22A View FIGURE 22 ). Ventral manubrium with 1,2,2,2/2,10 central ciliated chaetae from the base to the apex ( Fig. 22B View FIGURE 22 ). Dorsal face of dens covered by ciliated chaetae of different sizes, forming two well defined rows that reach the distal portion, at the point where the dens becomes abruptly narrow. Mucro typically falcate, with its proximal portion extending within the terminal projection of the dens cuticle, where is possible to observe the marks of a smaller subapical tooth developed internally ( Fig. 22C View FIGURE 22 ).

Etymology. The new species name refers to the number of macrochaetae on the Abd. I, a character that seems to be distinctive for the Neotropical species of Seira .

Distribution and habitat. The new species was found in Serra das Confusões National Park, Piauí State, northeastern Brazil ( Fig. 13 View FIGURE 13 ). This Park is located in the transitional zone between Cerrado and Caatinga biomes, and represents the largest wildlife protected area of northeastern Brazil and of the Caatinga biome as well, holding a complex and unique mosaic of phytophysionomies. The specimens were collected in three different localities in the park: in the vicinities of the visitors center, in the opening of a canyon eroded by a temporary stream (“Riacho dos Bois”), and in an area closed for visitation in the northeast region of the park. The three localities have semideciduous, dense and closed high arboreous vegetation (reaching 7–10 m high); the soil is permanently covered by a thick leaf litter and receives little direct sunlight. According to the Köppen-Geiger system, the climate of the area is “BShw”–Semiarid with a long dry season and rainy summer, with high temperatures throughout all the year ( Kottek et al. 2006). The annual average temperature is 28ºC, with the maximum recorded temperature reaching 45ºC and minimum 12ºC, while the annual average rainfall is 600 mm, and January–March is the rainiest quarter ( IBAMA 2003).

Remarks. Seira trisetosa sp. nov. resembles mostly S. frater ( Bonet, 1934) , S. oceanica Yosii, 1960 , S. ferruginea Rapoport & Izarra, 1962 and S. tinguira Cipola & Bellini, 2014 (in Cipola et al. 2014b) by Abd. I chaetotaxy with 3 mac, by the presence of m3 mac in the region A of Abd. III, and by the unguiculus acuminate. The new species resembles only S. ferruginea , S. oceanica and S. tinguira by Ant. IV without clear annulations; S. oceanica by labial palp papilla E l.p. finger-shaped; S. tinguira by chaeta r of labial triangle reduced and smooth; S. frater and S. tinguira by head M2 chaeta as mac; S. tinguira by head M1 chaeta as mac; S. frater , S. oceanica and S. tinguira by head S4 and S6i chaetae absent or not as mac, head cephalic region 6 with Pa2–3, Pm3 and Pp3 as mac; S. tinguira by head Pa4 as mac; S. frater and S. oceanica by head Pp5 chaeta as mac and by the presence of 3–4 mac in the region 2 of Th. II (4 in S. frater and S. oceanica ); and S. ferruginea , S. frater and S. oceanica by the presence of 3 mac in the region A of Abd. II. However, the new species is unique by the combination of: 1) body with dark pigmentation mainly restricted to the antennae (occurring in other regions of head, body and appendages in S. ferruginea , S. frater , S. oceanica and S. tinguira ); 2) Ant. IV not annulated (with clear annulations in S. frater ); 3) labial palp papilla E with l.p. finger-shaped (pointed in S. tinguira ); 4) head M2 chaeta as mac (absent or as mic in S. oceanica ); 5) head M1 chaeta as mac (mic in S. frater and S. oceanica ); 6) head S6 as mic (mac in S. frater , S. oceanica and S. tinguira ); 7) head Pa4 chaeta as mac (absent or as mic in S. frater and S. oceanica ); 8) head Pp5 chaeta as mac (as mic in S. tinguira ); 9) presence of 3–4 mac in the region 2 of Th. II (5 mac in S. ferruginea and S. tinguira ); 10) presence of 3 mac in the region A of Abd. II (4 mac in S. tinguira ); 11) presence of 7–8 central mac in Abd. IV (16 in S. frater ); and 12) ventral manubrium with 2 subapical chaetae (4 in S. tinguira ). Table 2 summarizes the morphological characteristics of S. trisetosa sp. nov. and the compared species. In addition to the original descriptions, comparative information concerning S. ferruginea was obtained from Christiansen & Bellinger (2000) and Cipola et al. (2018), of S. frater from Christiansen & Bellinger (2000), and of S. oceanica from Mari-Mutt (1987b).