BRUNIACEAE R. Br. ex DC.

Claßen-Bockhoff, Regine, Oliver, Edward G. H., Hall, Anthony V. & Quint, Marcus, 2019, A new classification of the South African endemic family Bruniaceae based on molecular and morphological data, TAXON 60 (4), pp. 1138-1155 : 1144

BRUNIACEAE R. Br. ex DC.

Key to the tribes, genera, and subgenera (see Figs. 2–4 )

1. Anthers apically ending in a conspicuous sterile tip (Linconieae) .......................................... 1. Linconia

1. Anther apex without a sterile tip .......................... 2

2. Thecae connate along their entire length; anthers not versatile; stomata often surrounded by cuticular rim (Audouinieae) ................................................... 3

2. Thecae free at their base; anthers versatile; stomata never surrounded by cuticular rim ( Brunieae ) .................. 4

3. Flowers arranged in spike-like clusters, each flower on a bracteate short-shoot; flower pedicels present; stomata surrounded by cuticular rim ................. 2. Audouinia

3. Flowers solitary, each on a leafy shoot or bracteate short shoot (only in Thamnea tere s); flowerpedicelsabsent (except T.hirtella ); stomata rarelysurrounded by cuticular rim (only in T. teres )................................ 3. Thamnea

4. Styles 2, united; inflorescences with basipetal flowering sequence ........................................... 4. Staavia

4. Styles 1 or 2, free; flowering sequence not as above .... 5

5. Pollen 3-colporate; stamens exserted; inflorescences laterally arranged ..................................... 5. Berzelia

5. Pollen 5- to 10-colporate; stamensshorterthancorolla (except Brunia subg. Brunia ); terminal inflorescence usually present ....................... 6. Brunia → 6 for subgenera

6. Stamens exserted; petals with 2 narrowly associated ridges .................................. 6.1 B. subg. Brunia

6. Stamens included; petals different from above .......... 7

7. Petalbulgesformingathickcushionwithverticalsubdivision; petals free, less than 5 mm long..................... 8

7. Petal bulges reduced or absent; petals postgenitally fused with filaments, more than 5 mm long ..................... ................................... 6.5 B. subg. Lonchostoma

8. Leaves erect-spreading...... 6.2 B. subg. Pseudobaeckea

8. Leaves appressed to partly imbricate ..................... 9

9. Inflorescences usually larger than 5 mm in diameter; leaves hairy (except B. angulata , B.microphylla ) ......... ........................................ 6.3 B. subg. Raspalia

9. Inflorescences usually 2–4 mm in diameter or flowers solitary ( B. bullata , B. callunoides ); leaves glabrous ..... .................................. 6.4 B. subg. Mniothamnea

Figures

Fig. 2. Anther morphology showing the diagnostic characters for the three subfamilies. A, Linconieae with anthers ending apically in a conspicuous sterile tip; B, Audouinieae with anthers lacking the sterile tip; thecae connate along their entire length; C, Brunieae with versatile anthers, sterile tip lacking (after Quint & Classen-Bockhoff, 2006a).

Fig. 3. Flower and inflorescence arrangement showing the diagnostic features for the several genera and species (see Classen-Bockhoff, 2000). Flowers (circles) are either solitary (A–C) or arranged in closed (terminal flower present: D, E) or open (terminal flower absent: F–H) head-like ra- cemes. The solitary flowers are either terminal on bracteate short-shoots (A, B) or terminal and lateral on frondose shoots (C). The inflorescences are lateral (E), lateral and terminal (D, F) or terminal (G, H). Note that the sympodial units (particularly in A, B, E) may grow for several seasons then being connected by monopodial inserts. iz, innovation zone; black: basic flowering unit.

Fig. 4. Stomata with (A) and without (B) cuticular rim. A, Linconia alopecuroidea; B, Brunia pentandra. The presence of a cuticular rim appears to be a symplesiomorphy for Linconia, Audouinia (incl. Tittmannia), and Thamnea teres (syn. Pseudobaeckea teres).