Pasya quadridentata ( Ellis & Solander, 1786 )

Calder, Dale R., 2013, Some shallow-water hydroids (Cnidaria: Hydrozoa) from the central east coast of Florida, USA, Zootaxa 3648 (1), pp. 1-72 : 27-28

Pasya quadridentata ( Ellis & Solander, 1786)

Fig. 8e, f

Sertularia quadridentata Ellis & Solander, 1786: 57 , pl. 5, figs. g, G.

Dynamena quadridentata .— Jones, 2002: 218.

Type locality. South Atlantic Ocean , on algae “...not far from the island of Ascension ” ( Ellis & Solander 1786) .

Voucher material. Off Fort Pierce , 27°10.8’N, 80°02.5’W, 21.6 m, on benthic algae, 24.vii.1975, R/V Johnson and Johnson-Sea-Link, JSL 273, one colony, up to 6 mm high, with gonophores, coll. T. Askew, ROMIZ B1085 .

Remarks. This hydroid has commonly been known as Dynamena quadridentata ( Ellis & Solander, 1786) (synonymy in Vervoort & Watson 2003). However, molecular studies by Moura et al. (2011) indicate that the nominal genus Dynamena Lamouroux, 1812 is polyphyletic, and that D. quadridentata is genetically distant from D. pumila ( Linnaeus, 1758) , its type species. Pasya Stechow, 1922 (type species: Sertularia quadridentata Ellis & Solander, 1786 ), generally regarded as a synonym of Dynamena , is resurrected here for the species. The specific name quadridentata has also been combined in the past with Pasythea Lamouroux, 1812 , but that nominal genus is now restricted to Bryozoa (type species: Cellaria tulipifera Ellis & Solander, 1786 ). Additional discussion of nomenclature relevant to these names has been given earlier (Calder 1991: 89).

Pasya quadridentata , common in the Caribbean Sea region ( Vervoort 1968; Calder & Kirkendale 2005, as Dynamena quadridentata ), ranges northwards to the Carolinas along the east coast of the United States ( Cain 1972; Calder 1983, as D. quadridentata ). The species is transported to even higher latitudes in the Gulf Stream on floating Sargassum ( Fraser 1912b; Burkenroad, in Parr 1939, as Pasythea quadridentata ), including New England ( Hargitt 1908, as Pasythea nodosa ).

Reported distribution. Atlantic coast of Florida. Biscayne Bay ( Jones 2002, as Dynamena quadridentata ).

Western Atlantic. Woods Hole region, Massachusetts ( Hargitt 1908, as Pasythea nodosa ) to Brazil (Oliveira et al. submitted, as D. quadridentata ), including Bermuda ( Calder, 1991a, as D. quadridentata ), the Gulf of Mexico ( Calder & Cairns 2009, as D. quadridentata ), and the Caribbean Sea ( Calder & Kirkendale 2005, as D. quadridentata ).

Elsewhere. Circumglobal in temperate and tropical waters ( Vervoort 1968; Vervoort & Watson 2003).

Figures

FIGURE 8. a, Diphasia digitalis: part of a hydrocladium with hydrothecal pairs, ROMIZ B3964, scale equals 0.25 mm. b, Dynamena crisioides: part of hydrocaulus with basal part of a hydrocladium and hydrothecae, ROMIZ B3965, scale equals 0.25 mm. c, Dynamena dalmasi: part of hydrocaulus with two hydrothecal pairs, ROMIZ B1081, scale equals 0.25 mm. d, Dynamena disticha: part of hydrocaulus with two hydrothecal pairs, ROMIZ B3966, scale equals 0.20 mm. e, Pasya quadridentata: part of hydrocaulus with three hydrothecal pairs, ROMIZ B1085, scale equals 0.25 mm. f, Pasya quadridentata: gonotheca, ROMIZ B1085, scale equals 0.25 mm. g, Salacia desmoides: part of hydrocaulus with two hydrothecal pairs, ROMIZ B3967, scale equals 0.25 mm. h, Sertularella areyi: part of hydrocaulus with two hydrothecae, ROMIZ B1135, scale equals 0.5 mm. i, Sertularella conica: part of hydrocaulus with three hydrothecae, ROMIZ B1087, scale equals 0.25 mm.