Lepidocyrtus paralignorum Baquero & Jordana, 2021

Baquero, Enrique, Jordana, Rafael & Ortuño, Vicente M., 2021, Distinctive Collembola Communities in the Mesovoid Shallow Substratum: Entomobryomorpha of the Sierra de Guadarrama National Park (Central Spain), Zoosystema 43 (3), pp. 37-78 : 60-64

Lepidocyrtus paralignorum Baquero & Jordana n. sp.

( Figs 8F ; 14 A-F; 15A-E; 16; Table 5 )

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:C3480E16-3903-4E20-83C6-807916103607

TYPE MATERIAL. — Holotype. Spain • ♀; Madrid, Sierra de Guadarrama, Cuerda Larga and associated mountainous complex, Collado de Peña Vaqueros ( Loma de Pandasco ); 30 T 4227 45170; 2233 m a.s.l.; 6.XI.2015; Ortuño et al. leg.; pitfall SSD (since 3.VI.2015); MZNA SSD-30 (slide 06).

Paratypes. Spain • 4 specimens on slide and 10 in ethyl alcohol; SSD-12 , slide 10; Ortuño et al. leg.; MZNA • 1 ♂ and 2 juveniles on slide and 44 in ethyl alcohol; SSD-28 , slide 05; same data; MZNA • 1♀ on slide and 50 in ethyl alcohol; SSD-29 , slide 07; same data; MZNA • 10 specimens in ethyl alcohol; SSD-29 ; same data; MNHN .

TYPE LOCALITY. — Spain, Madrid, Sierra de Guadarrama, Cuerda Larga and associated mountainous complex, Collado de Peña Vaqueros (Loma de Pandasco); 30 T 4227 45170; 2233 m a.s.l.

ETYMOLOGY. — The specific epithet contains the prefix “para” (outside of…) of Greek origin. This indirectly conveys the idea that it is a species close to L. lignorum .

ADDITIONAL MATERIAL. — Spain • 3 specimens; SSD-1 (0.5 m depth), slide 05; Sierra de Guadarrama, Segovia; Ortuño et al. leg.; MZNA • 3 specimens on slide and 210 in ethyl alcohol; SSD-2 (0.5 m depth), slides 09 and 10; same data; MZNA • 8 ♀, 5 ♂ and 6 juveniles on slide and 22 in ethyl alcohol; SSD-2 (1 m depth), slides 04, 13 and 22; same data; MZNA • 2 ♀, 1 ♂ and 5 juveniles; SSD-3 (1 m depth), slides 11 and 13; same data; MZNA • 3 specimens on slide and 29 in ethyl alcohol; SSD-4 ; 1 m depth; slide 06; same data; MZNA • 1 ♂ subadult and 1 juvenile on slide; SSD-5 , slide 07; same data; MZNA • 13 specimens; SSD-6 , slides 11 and 12; same data; MZNA • 4 specimens; SSD-7 , slide 09; same data; MZNA • 1 ♀ and 3 juveniles on slide and 16 in ethyl alcohol; SSD-8 , slide 09; same data; MZNA • 1 ♀ and 5 juveniles on slide and 68 in ethyl alcohol; SSD-11 , slide 07; same data; MZNA • 1 ♀ and 3 juveniles on slide and 32 in ethyl alcohol; SSD-17 , slide 06; same data; MZNA • 5 ♀ and 2 juveniles on slide and 60 in ethyl alcohol; SSD-18 , slides 09 and 10; same data; MZNA • 4 juveniles; SSD-20 , slide 06; same data; MZNA • 1♀ and 11 juveniles on slide and approximately 1800 in ethyl alcohol; SSD-22 , slides 05 and 07; same data; MZNA • 4 specimens on slide and 150 in ethyl alcohol; SSD-25 , slide 12; same data; MZNA • 1 ♀ and 3 juveniles on slide and 26 in ethyl alcohol; SSD-26 , slide 05; Madrid; same data; MZNA • 3 specimens; SSD-27 , slide 05; same data; MZNA • 2 ♀ and 1 ♂ on slide and 71 in ethyl alcohol; SSD-31 , slide 10; same data; MZNA .

DIAGNOSIS. — Body without pigment, except for head vertex, ocular spot and antennae (final part of Ant II, whole AntII-IV); AntI-II and legsI-III scaled (except coxaI). Head Mc Pa 5 present; A 0, A 2 and A 3 as Mc, A 2a as ciliated mes; posterior labial row with M 1, M 2, R*, E, L 1 and L 2 ciliated Mc. ThII projecting over head, i.e., pointed downward; Th II-III without Mc; Abd II with chaeta a 2p present, a 3 very forward from ‘as’ sensilla and only m 3 as ciliated Mc; AbdIV with four median mac (C 1, B 4-6), three or four non-fan-shaped ciliated mic behind anterior bothriotrichum and bothriothrichal complex mic D 1p present; claw with four internal teeth: two basal and two unpaired; empodium acuminate; manubrial plate with 3 internal and 5-8 external chaetae.

DESCRIPTION

Size and color

Body length up to 2.40 mm including head (mean 1.57 mm, n = 27 adults), excluding antennae (holotype: 2.10 mm). Color white with blue pigment on Ant III-IV and tip of Ant II; blue pigment on vertex of head and ocular patch ( Fig. 8F ). Scales present on Ant I-II, ventral and dorsal head, thorax and abdomen dorsally, coxae II-III and femora-tibiotarsus I-III, and furcula dorsally and ventrally.

Head

Antennal head ratio 1.5 (n = 4). Ant IV without apical bulb, four types of sensilla ( Fig. 14A ), and apical organite and accessory sensilla as in Figure 14B ; Ant III sense organ with two expanded sensilla, three spiny guard sensilla, s-blunt sens, ciliated and weakly ciliated chaetae ( Fig. 14C ); on AntII two distal similar to Ant III expanded sensilla. Head Mc Pa 5 present; A 0, A 2 and A 3 as Mc, A 2a as ciliated mes; 5-8 antennal (An) ciliated Mc; s, t and p chaetae present on ocular well (p as mes) ( Fig. 14D ); basomedian labial fields chaetae smooth. Four prelabral ciliated chaetae (only one specimen among 42 observed has smooth prelabral chaetae); labrum with three rows, ‘a’ row with four bifurcate chaetae, ‘m’ and ‘p’ with five smooth chaetae. Four labral papillae, mono to three spinulated (small projection, not a relatively large chaetalike projection). Maxillary palp bifurcated with three smooth appendages. Labial papilla (l.p.) E with fingershaped process not reaching base of apical appendage. Labial row with M 1, M 2, R*, E, L 1 and L 2 ciliated Mc (R half to two thirds of M; sometimes M 1a or M 1p present and usually asymmetric). Postlabial chaetotaxy with 3 + 1 ciliated central Mc along the groove.

Thorax chaetotaxy ( Fig. 15A, B )

Th II and Th III without Mc; Th II with s and ms in posterolateral position at level of m row; Th III with a1 before psp, a 3, a 4, a 6, m 2, m 4, m 5 and m 6, p 2, p 3, p 4, p 5 and p 6, two lateral mes with the lateral sensilla (s) between them, and four Mc in front of the sensilla.

Abdomen chaetotaxy ( Figs 15 C-E; 16)

Abd I with a 1 before psp, and a 2; a 5 as; m 2, m 3, m 4, m 5 and m 6; p 5 and p 6, a sensilla in front of p 6 and m 6, and three lateral mes. Abd II, mi and ml chaetae present over bothriotrichum (m 2); a 2p (p) present as smooth mic; a 2 (a) as smooth mic; m 3 (B) present as Mc; ‘as’ over m 3 and a 3 very up; m 3e and p 4 (q 1 and q 2) present as slightly ciliated mic; li, lm and ll present as pointed ciliated mic over bothriotrichum (a 5); a 6, m 6 and p 5 as smooth mic; m 4 as slightly ciliated mic; m 5 as Mc. Abd III, mi, ml and a 2 as pointed ciliated mic over bothriotrichum (m 2); m 3 and m 4 as slightly ciliated pointed mic; ‘as’ before m 3; a 3 very up; p 3 below m 3 as smooth mic; lm, li, ll and a 6 as ciliated pointed mic surrounded bothriotrichum (a 5); im and em as small ciliated mic under a 5 bothriotrichum; am 6 as ciliated pointed mic over bothriotrichum (m 5); pm 6 and p 6 as ciliated Mc with d 3 between them; ‘ms’ near p 5 smooth mic; m 7a and p 8p as ciliated mes; m 7, m 8, p 7 and p 8 as smooth mic. Abd IV with four median mac (C 1, B 4-6; ratio between C 1 -B 4 /B 4 - B 6 0.79, n= 32), and 7 lateral mac (D 3, E 2-4, F 1-3); T 5 as mic, T 6 and T 7 as ciliated mes; before T 2 bothriotrichum, there are usually three pointed ciliated mic (a, m and D 1); in a 20% is present the supplementary ‘s’ chaeta. AbdV as in Figure 15E .

Legs

Scales on legs except coxa I. Trochanteral organ V-shaped with about 13 spinelike chaetae (n = 37, between 10-17; 30 in a specimen with 2.4 mm in length). Claw with four teeth on inner edge: basal pair at 50%, an unpaired median at 65%, and one minute unpaired subapical; two lateral teeth intermedial to base and paired, and one more basal dorsal tooth. Empodium acuminate, all with pe lamella serrated, other lamellae smooth (ae, ai, pi); claw: empodium ratio = 1: 0.70. Tibiotarsus III distally with one inner smooth chaeta 1.10 longer than empo dium; tenent hairs spatulated, smooth, and 0.88 shorter than claw ( Fig. 14E ).

Macrochaetotaxy

Reduced formula (from Gisin 1965, 1967a, b): R 0 R 1 R 2001 /00/0101+3/0s, paBq 1 q 2, M 1 *M 2 R*EL 1 L 2 (* in a 28% M 1 is duplicate with a smaller chaeta; ** 1/2 to 2/3 of M). No significant relationship between the duplication of the M 1 and the presence of the supplementary chaeta ‘s’ over the Abd IV bothriotrichum. Furcula: manubrium and dens with scales dorsally and ventrally; manubrial plate (dorsally) with seven external (between 5 and 12, n = 36), three (exceptionally two) internal ciliate Mc, and 2 psp. Non-ringed part of dens two times the length of mucro, with subapical tooth a little smaller than the apical tooth. ( Fig. 14F ).

ECOLOGY

Species widely distributed in the three mountain ranges ( Fig. 1 A-C), and present in the three bioclimatic zones. Only surpassed in distribution by E. guadarramensis Jordana & Baquero n. sp., and almost at the same time as H. major . From an altitudinal perspective, the average of collections per bioclimatic zone shows that the activity of L. paralignorum Baquero & Jordana n. sp. increases with altitude. However, this is due to the bias provided by two sampling points: 1812 specimens (SSD-22) and 3708 specimens (SSD-30), respectively, for this new species.La Loma de Pandasco (SSD- 30), in the cryo-Mediterranean zone, is one of the places with the most extreme environmental conditions ( Fig. 4A, B ). At this site L. paralignorum Baquero & Jordana n. sp. represents 99% of the total collected specimens ( Fig. 1E ), being syntopic with other four Entomobryomorpha species (excluding Orchesella ) ( Fig. 1F ; 4B ) that were poorly represented.

REMARKS

Lepidocyrtus paralignorum belongs to the L. lignorum group as the previous species. With regard to the shape of the labral papillae, it is separated from L.peisonis and L. ruber by smooth papillae, and from L. traseri , L. tellecheae and L. uzeli because they have a chaeta-like projection. Lepidocyrtus barbulus is separated from the remaining species by having the labral chaetae of row ‘a’ pointed instead of bifurcated, and, in addition to the chaetae, M 1, M 2 and R are duplicated or triplicated, something not found in any other species of the group. Lepidocyrtus instratus and L. violaceus have only three teeth on the inner border of the claw (the last unpaired tooth missing). Lepidocyrtus juliae has a particular color pattern, with four dorsal spots on Abd II and Abd IV; it also has intraocular ‘q’ chaeta, and four scales in the area; Lepidocyrtus juliae does not have the chaeta d 3 in Abd III, and does not have ml in Abd II. Lepidocyrtus lignorum has all chaetae over bothriotricha fan-shaped and external lamella of empodium smooth. See Table 5 .

It is the most abundant species, with capture records that account for 29% of the Entomobryomorpha studied here ( Fig. 1D ), and 30% of the Entomobryidae (not including Orchesella ) ( Fig. 2A, B ).

Figures

FIG. 8. — Habitus and color patterns of some species: A, Entomobrya guadarramensis Jordana & Baquero n. sp.; B, Entomobrya ledesmai Jordana & Baquero n. sp.; C, D, Lepidocyrtus labyrinthi Baquero & Jordana n. sp.; E, Lepidocyrtus purgatori Baquero & Jordana n. sp.; F, Lepidocyrtus paralignorum Baquero & Jordana n. sp.; G, Pseudosinella valverdei Baquero & Jordana n. sp.; H, Pseudosinella gonzaloi Baquero & Jordana n. sp. Scale bar: 0.25 mm.

FIG. 14. — Lepidocyrtus paralignorum Baquero & Jordana n. sp.: A, four types of sensilla on Ant IV; B, organite and accessory sensillum on Ant IV; C, sensory organ of antennal segment III; D, head chaetotaxy; E, apical part of tibiotarsus, claw and empodium of leg 3; F, tip of furcula, mucro and mucronal spine. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Symbols: ●, Mc; ○, mes. Scale bar: A-C, 0.005 mm; D-F, 0.02 mm.

FIG. 15. — Lepidocyrtus paralignorum Baquero & Jordana n. sp.: A, ThII dorsal chaetotaxy with detail of the area with the lateral sensilla and microsensilla (B); C, ThIII-Abd I dorsal chaetotaxy; D, Abd II-AbdIII dorsal chaetotaxy; E, AbdV dorsal chaetotaxy. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Symbols: ●, Mc; ○, mes; ⦰, pseudopores; ▣, bothriotricha. Scale bar: 0.02 mm.

FIG. 1. — A, basic orography of the Sierra de Guadarrama National Park; B, location of the subterranean sampling devices (SSD) in the Sierra de Guadarrama National Park; C, collection sites of the species collected with the SSDs; D, relative abundance of Entomobryomorpha Börner, 1913 species (excluding Orchesella Templeton, 1835); E, relative abundance by SSDs; F, species richness by SSD. Abbreviations: exx, specimens; spp, species.Species authorships:see Index of species.

FIG. 4. — Places where new species have been collected more abundantly: A, C, E, G, photos of the sampled biotopes; B, D, F, H, exact installation point and brief card of the SSDs (location and collecting species of Entomobryomorpha Börner, 1913, excluding Orchesella Templeton, 1835). Species authorships: see Index of species.

FIG. 2. — Diversity, abundance and percentage of Collembola (42 745 specimens) collected in the MSS of the Sierra de Guadarrama National Park: A, values by orders and families; B, Entomobryidae Schäffer, 1896 species values (excluding Orchesella Templeton, 1835); C, Isotomidae Schäffer, 1896 species values. Species authorships: see Index of species.