Scaeochlamys livida ( Lamarck, 1819 )

Dijkstra, Henk H. & Beu, Alan G., 2018, Living Scallops of Australia and Adjacent Waters (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Pectinoidea: Propeamussiidae, Cyclochlamydidae and Pectinidae), Records of the Australian Museum (Rec. Aust. Mus.) 70 (2), pp. 113-330 : 256-258

Scaeochlamys livida ( Lamarck, 1819)

Figs 76B,E,G,I, 77, 78A,C

Pecten lividus Lamarck, 1819: 178 ; Defrance, 1825: 246; Deshayes, 1836: 154; Chenu, 1844: 6, pl. 22, figs 2–2b; Dijkstra, 1994: 492, figs 125–129 [holotype].

Ostrea tegula Wood, 1828: 7 , pl. 2, fig. 3.

Pecten foliaceus Quoy & Gaimard, 1835: 445 , pl. 76, figs 4–6.

Pecten tegula (Wood) .–Reeve, 1853: sp. 136, pl. 30, fig. 136; Küster & Kobelt, 1888: 99, pl. 27, fig. 8.

Chlamys tegula [sic] (Wood).–Hedley, 1902: 307.

Scaeochlamys livida (Lamarck) .– Iredale, 1939: 354; Allan, 1950: 280, pl. 37, fig. 9; Dijkstra, 1991: 35; Lamprell & Whitehead, 1991: [24], 175, pl. 10, fig.59; Raines & Poppe, 2006: 230, 231, upper figs; pl. 179, figs 1–5; Morrison & Wells, 2008: 107–110, figs 1A–B; Huber, 2010: 207.

Scaeochlamys livida peroniana Iredale, 1939: 355 ; Dijkstra, (1983–1994) 1983: 19, figs.

Scaeochlamys peroniana Iredale. –Iredale & McMichael, 1962: 11.

Chlamys (Scaeochlamys) livida (Lamarck) .– Rombouts, 1991: 33, pl. 12, fig. 9.

Chlamys lividus [sic] Lamarck.–Coleman, 1982: 89, pl. 269.

Chlamys (Chlamys) livida (Lamarck) .–Dijkstra, 1990a: 8.

Type data. Pecten lividus Lamarck : holotype (pr) MNHN Moll21190. Type locality: “Habite les mers de la Nouvelle Hollande, au port du Roi Georges” [ Western Australia , Albany, King George Harbour].

Ostrea tegula Wood : holotype not in NHMUK, not traced. Type locality unknown.

Pecten foliaceus Quoy & Gaimard : three syntypes (pr) MNHN Moll 21186 (one in Fig. 76B, E). Type locality: “Habite le port du Roi-Georges, à la Nouvelle-Hollande ” [Western Australia, Albany, King George Harbour]. The specimens are now labelled “ Nelle Zélande”, with the comment that in the “voyage of the Astrolabe”, the locality is indicated as port du Roi-Georges, à la Nouvelle-Hollande; this species certainly does not occur in New Zealand.

Scaeochlamys livida peroniana Iredale : holotypeAM (not traced). Type locality: Sydney Harbour.

Comments on type data. For remarks on type locality and original label of Pecten lividus see Dijkstra (1994: 492).

Additional material examined. — AUSTRALIA: QUEENSLAND: Off Yeppoon, 22°30'S 151°26' E,dead, 55 m (4 v, C.345816);off Yeppoon, off North Keppel Island, 23°02'S 151°10'E,alive, 51 m (1 pr,C.346599);Keppel Bay, North Keppel Island, 23°04'S 150°54'E, dead (1 v,C.119479);Keppel Bay, Yeppoon, 23°08'S 150°44'E,dead (2 v, C.132009); 1.5 ml NW of South Keppel Island, 23°08' S 150°56' E, alive, 13–20 m (1 pr,C.346600);Keppel Bay, between Outer Rock & Man &Wife,NE of South Keppel Island, 23°08'S 150°56'E, dead, 24–26 m (1 v, C.345829); Capricorn Channel, 4 mls E of North Reef, 23°09'S 151°58' E, dead, 64 m (2 v, C.345817); Capricorn Group, Tryon Island, 23°15'S 151°47'E, alive (2 pr, C.345828); Capricorn Group, North West Island, 23°18'S 151°42' E, alive, 4–5 m (9 v, C.058374; 3 v, C.058374 [in part]; 1 pr, C.345821; 1 pr + 1 v, C.345809);Capricorn Group,off North West Island, 23°18'S 151°42'E, alive, 31 m (2 pr, C.345820); Keppel Bay, 23°25'S 150°55' E, dead (12 v, C.119478); Keppel Bay, 23°25'S 150°55'E, alive, 46 m (5 pr, C.097514); Capricorn Group, Heron Island, 23°26'S 151°57'E, dead (1 v, C.345808); Capricorn Group, One Tree Island, 23°30'S 152°05'E,dead, 55 m (8 v, C.124009;1 v,C.161005);Capricorn Group,Masthead Island, 23°32'S 151°45'E, dead, 31–37 m (16 v, C.018845; 5 v, C.021214); GBR, 11.5–14 mls SE of Cape Capricorn, 23°36' S 151°24'E,alive, 22–24 m (1 pr,C.075256);Bunker Group, Fairfax Island, 23°51'S 152°22'E, dead (2 v,C.345818);Bunker Group,Lady Musgrave Island, 23°54'S 152°25'E, dead (1 v, C.345819); Port Curtis, 23°55'S 151°23'E, alive, 16–22 m (1 pr, C.012159; 1 pr, C.119489; 1 pr, C.345830); Port Curtis, off Jenny Lind Buoy, 23°55'S 151°23'E, alive (1 pr, C.036985); off Burnett Heads, 24°46' S 152°24'E, dead, 37 m (1 pr, C.153555); Bargara, near Bundaberg, 24°49'S 152°28'E, dead (1 pr, C.345831); off Frazer Island, 25°09'S 153°34' E, dead, 48 m (1 v, C.133006); Hervey Bay, Point Vernon, 25°15'S 152°49'E,dead (1 v,C.119490);Hervey Bay,Pialba, 25°17'S 152°50'E, dead (1 v, C.070047); Hervey Bay, Torquay, 25°17'S 152°52'E, dead (many v,C.346567);Dundowran, 25°18'S 152°46'E,dead,beach (4 v,C.089484);Hervey Bay, Dundowran Beach, 25°18'S 152°46'E, dead (3 v, C.070048; 1 pr, C.083782; 1pr, C.097522);Hervey Bay,S ofWoody Island, 25°18'S 152°56' E,alive, 9 m (2 pr,C.097520); off S end Frazer Island, 25°48' S 153°46'E,dead, 73 m (3 v, C.126657);Tin Can Bay, NE of Gympie, 25°55' S 153°01' E,alive, 18 m (1 pr,C.071595;2 pr,C.073238;5 v,C.111787); off S end Frazer Island, 25°57'S 153°34' E,dead, 58–60 m (9 v,C.115069);Mooloolabah, N of Caloundra, 26°41'S 153°08'E,dead (1 v, C.345811);Caloundra, 26°49' S 153°10'E, alive (13 v, C.012776; 20 v, C.054634; 2 pr, C.097521; 3 v, C.132010; 2 v, C.345812); Moreton Bay, 27°15'S 153°15'E,alive (3 pr,C.075246);Moreton Bay, Stradbroke Island, 27°29'S 153°25'E,dead (1 pr,C.346592);Moreton Bay,off Peel Island, 27°30' S 153°21'E, alive, 9–11 m (2 pr, C.097513; 1 v, C.345810); Moreton Bay, off Peel Island, 27°30' S 153°21'E, alive, 3 m (1 pr, C.303767); Moreton Bay, off Dunwich, Stradbroke Island, 27°30'S 153°24' E, dead, 5–7 m (1 v, C.345807). NEW SOUTH WALES: off Tweed Heads, 28°17'S 153°44'E, dead, 73 m (1 v, C.117650); Cape Byron, 28°37' S 153°38'E, dead (2 v, C.005239); Flat Rock, North Richmond River entrance, 28°52'S 153°34'E, dead (21 v,C.050863);Evans River at South Evans Head, 29°06'S 153°25'E, alive (1 pr, C.344176;1 v,C.339172);Iluka,Clarence River, 29°24' S 153°21' E,dead(2 v,C.345365); NE of Grafton, Clarence River, Iluka, 29°24.3'S 153°21.1'E, alive (2 pr, C.375775); Clarence River mouth, 29°25'S 153°21' E, dead (4 v, C.345387); SE of Yamba, 29°28'– 29°33'S 153°30'– 153°25'E, dead, 51–55 m (1 pr, C.345388);Angourie Point, 29°29'S 153°22'E, alive (11 v, C.345391; 15 v, C.346541; 3 pr, C.375776); Minnie Water, E of Grafton, 29°46'S 153°18'E, Middle reef, dead (1 v, C.077062); Wooli, SE of Grafton, 29°52'S 153°15'E,alive(1 pr,C.097519);Wooli Wooli River at Wooli, 29°53'S 153°15'E, rocks &Sargassum,alive(1 pr,C.344177);Redbank(Corindi)River at Red Rock, 29°59'S 153°13'E, alive (1 pr, C.339250); Arrawarra Headland, 30°03'S 153°12' E, dead (6 v, C.124156); Woolgoolga, 30°06'S 153°12'E, alive (3 v, C.119534; 2 v, C.345395; 5 v, C.375773); South West Solitary Island (= Groper Island), W side, 30°09' S 153°13' E, alive, 12–18 m (1 pr,C.345622);S end of Emerald Beach, N of Coffs Harbour, 30°10'S 153°11'E, dead (1 v, C.345397); Coffs Harbour, 30°17'S 153°08'E, alive, 3 m (1 pr, C.346817);Trial Bay,South West Rocks Beach, 30°53'S 153°02'E,dead (1 v,C.345396); Port Macquarie, 31°26'S 152°55'E,dead (many v,C.030636;many v,C.051090);Camden Haven Inlet, 31°38'S 152°49'E,alive (2 pr,C.344179);Crowdy Bay,W of Crowdy Head, 31°50.5'S 152°44.9'E, dead, 50 m (1 v, C.339171); 4–6.5 mls off Manning River, 31°57'– 31°59.6'S 152°44' – 152°46'E, alive, 40 m (1 pr,C.016861); Point Halliday, near Forster, 32°04'S 152°33'E, dead (15 v, C.345410); Smiths Lake Sand Bar, 32°24' S 152°31'E, dead (1 v, C.345626; 1 v, C.348352; 1 v, C.349345); Broughton Island, near Port Stephens, 32°37'S 152°18'E,dead, 64 m (1 pr,C.083533);Port Stephens, near Hawks Nest, 32°41'S 152°10'E, dead, 5.5 m (3 v, C.345415); Port Stephens, Soldiers Point, 32°42'S 152°04' E,alive (1 pr,C.345366);Port Stephens, 32°42'S 152°05' E,dead, 5.5–13 m (1 v, C.345416); off Port Stephens, 32°42'S 152°15'E, dead, 45 m (1 pr, C.097516); Port Stephens, Wanda Wanda Head, 32°43'S 152°04'E, alive (1 pr, C.346829); Nelson Bay, Port Stephens, 32°43'S 152°08'E,dead (1 pr,C.078670); Port Stephens,off Nelson Head, 32°43'S 152°09'E, alive (5 pr, C.345411); Fingal Bay, Port Stephens, 32°45' S 152°10'E, dead (1 v, C.345412); Nelson Bay, Port Stephens, 32°47'S 152°08'E, alive, 9.2 m (7 pr, C.080081); Newcastle, Merewether Beach, dead (3 v, C.345417); Lake Macquarie, Wangi Wangi Point, 33°05'S 151°36'E, dead (1 v, C.345418); Swansea, Blacksmiths Beach, 33°05'S 151°39'E, dead (16 v, C.089810); Swansea Breakwater, Lake Macquarie, 33°05'S 151°39'E, alive (1 pr, C.115069); Catherine Hill Bay, S end, 33°09' S 151°38'E,alive (2 pr,C.088880);SE of Toukley,Norah Head, 33°17'S 151°34' E, dead (1 v, C.098807); Blue Lagoon Beach, S of The Entrance, 33°22' S 151°29'E, dead (1 v, C.103342); Terrigal, 33°26'S 151°27'E, alive (1 pr, C.087799); Terrigal, 33°27'S 151°27' E, alive (3 pr,C.375777); Broken Bay, Ettalong Beach, 33°30' S 151°20'E, dead (1 v,C.096984); Brooklyn Channel,Hawkesbury River, 33°32' S 151°14'E,dead, 9 m (2 v, C.345430); Broken Bay, Patonga, 33°33'S 151°16'E, dead (7 v, C.103818; 1 v, C.345424); Broken Bay, Challenger Head, 33°35'S 151°14'E, dead (1 v, C.346558); Sydney,Palm Beach, 33°35'S 151°19'E,dead (3 v,C.345437);Sydney N, Pittwater,The Basin, 33°36' S 151°17' E,alive (1 pr,C.345439);Sydney,Broken Bay,Pittwater, 33°37' S 151°18'E, dead (6 v, C.119475); Sydney, Narrabeen Beach, 33°42'S 151°18'E, dead (1 v,C.074067); Sydney N, Collaroy, Long Reef, 33°44'S 151°18'E,alive (4 pr, C.058573; 1 pr, C.073872; 2 pr, C.077395; 3 pr, C.119476; 11 v, C.345442; 1 pr, C.345444; 1 pr, C.346560; 1 pr, C.345624; 5 pr, C.346520; 6 pr, C.346546); Sydney, Long Reef, N side of platform, near Fishermans Beach, 33°44'S 151°18'E, alive (1 pr, C.346805); Sydney, Collaroy Beach, 33°44'S 151°18' E, dead (many v, C.094873); Sydney,Collaroy Beach, Figure 78. A, C, Scaeochlamys livida (Lamarck) , specimen in Fig. 76G, I; rv interior (A), lv exterior (C). B, D, Semipallium aktinos (Petterd) , pair, AM C.303773, under rock slabs, Port Stanvac, SA; lv exterior (B), rv interior (D). E, F, Scaeochlamys squamea Dijkstra & Maestrati , specimen in Fig. 76F, H; lv exterior (E), rv interior (F). G, I, Semipallium dringi (Reeve) , pair, HM, in rubble at base of coral wall, near NE entrance, Mermaid Reef, Rowley Shoals, off Broome, WA, 33 m; lv exterior (G), rv interior (I). H, Semipallium dianae (Crandall) , lv only, AM C.331999, No. 8 Sand Cay, GBR, QLD, 4–21 m; lv exterior. Scale bars represent 30 mm (A, C), 20 mm (B, D, G, I), 10 mm (E, F, H).

S end, 33°44'S 151°18'E, dead (13 v, C.345443); Sydney, Long Reef, SE side, 33°44' S 151°19'E,alive (2 pr,C.345623); Sydney N, Collaroy, Long Reef, 33°44.6'S 151°18.6'E, alive (3 pr, C.375779); Sydney, off Chinamans Beach, 33°48' S 151°14'E, dead, 2–15 m (1 v, C.345538; 1 v, C.345529; 1 v, C.345530;3 v, C.346447); Sydney, Clontarf Beach, 33°48'S 151°15'E, dead (1 v, C.345540); Sydney, Port Jackson , North Harbour , 33°48'S 151°16'E, alive (3 v, C.119471; 11 v, C.345471; 4 pr, C.345541; 1 pr, C.346503; 21 v, C.346505); Sydney, North Harbour , Fairlight, 33°48'S 151°16'E,alive (1 pr,C.345621); Sydney, North Harbour , SE side of Reef Bay , 33°48' S 151°16' E, dead (1 pr, C.345543); Sydney, Manly Baths, 33°48' S 151°17'E,dead (2 v,C.074036); Sydney, Balmoral, 33°49' S 151°15'E, dead (16 v, C.346452); Sydney, Balmoral Beach, 33°49'S 151°15'E, dead (1 pr, C.346514); Sydney, Balmoral, N end Edwards Beach, 33°49'S 151°15'E, dead (6 v, C.346439); Sydney, Old Mans Hat Point (Inner North Head ), 33°49'S 151°17'E, dead, 7.3 m (1 pr, C.345448); Sydney, Manly Beach, Ocean beach, 33°48'S 151°17'E, alive (42 v, C.345445); Sydney, Port Jackson , Mosman Bay , Sirius Cove, 33°50'S 151°14'E, dead (1 pr, C.345544); Sydney, Port Jackson , Taylors Bay , 33°50'S 151°14'E, alive (3 pr, C.346433; 1 pr, C.346498); Sydney Harbour, Watsons Bay , 33°50'S 151°16'E, alive (1 pr, C.077049); Sydney, Port Jackson , near Watsons Bay , 33°50'S 151°16'E, dead (8 v, C.345528); Sydney Harbour, Nielson Park, Bottle & Glass Rocks, 33°50'S 151°16'E, alive (9 pr, C.097515;1 pr, C.119466; 1 pr, C.346467; 1 pr, C.346473; 4 pr,C.346801); Sydney, Port Jackson , Sow & Pigs Reef, 33°83.8' S 151°26.7'E, dead (1 v, C.345542; 1 v, C.346575); Sydney, Port Jackson , Sow & Pigs Reef, 33°50'S 151°16'E, alive (1 pr, C.119468); Sydney Harbour, Snails Bay , Balmain, 33°51'S 151°10'E, dead (1 pr, C.346509); Sydney, Port Jackson , 33°51'S 151°14' E, dead (11 v, C.012152; 3 pr, C.119467;4 v, C.119470; 3 pr, C.132024); Sydney, Port Jackson , Shark Island , 33°51'S 151°15'E, alive (many,C.346463); Sydney Harbour, Bradleys Head, 33°51'S 151°14'E, alive (2 pr, C.346458); Sydney Harbour, 33°51' S 151°14'E, dead (22 v, C.119465; 8 v, C.345526); Sydney Harbour, Port Jackson , Athol Bight (= Athol Bay ), 33°51'S 151°14'E, alive (10 pr, C.346475); Sydney Harbour, Rushcutters Bay , 33°52' S 151°13'E, alive (2 pr, C.346474); Sydney, Wooloomooloo Bay , Graving Dock, 33°52'S 151°13' E, dead (1 v, C.346479); Sydney, Port Jackson , Double Bay , Point Piper, 33°52'S 151°15'E, dead (2 v,C.119469); Sydney, Port Jackson , W side Rose Bay , dead (1 v,C.345473); Sydney, Botany Bay , Brighton, 33°57'– 33°57.74' S 151°09'– 151°09.28'E, dead (2 v, C.345552); Sydney, Monterey, Botany Beach, 33°57'– 33°58.53'S 151°09' – 151°08.95'E, dead (2 v, C.345446); Sydney, Botany Bay , Monterey to Ramsgate, 33°58' – 33°59.2'S 151°08'– 151°08.85'E, dead (4 v, C.345447); Sydney, Long Bay , 33°58'S 151°15'E, dead (6 v, C.132015); Sydney, Botany Bay , 33°59'S 151°12'E, dead (10 v, C.346519); Sydney, Botany Bay , Frenchmans Beach, 33°59'S 151°13'E,dead (4 v,C.346517); Sydney, Botany Bay , Yarra Bay , 33°59'S 151°13'E, dead, beach (6 v, C.346518); Sydney, Botany Bay , Kurnell, 34°0'S 151°12'E, alive (2 v, C.345551; many, C.346515;1 pr, C.346521; many v, C.346522; 11 v, C.346523; 1 pr, C.346531; many, C.346532; 10 v, C.346533; 3 pr, C.346535;17 v, C.346536; 7 pr, C.346537; many v, C.346538;4 pr,C.346539); Sydney, N of Cronulla , Boatharbour Reef , 34°02'S 151°12'E, alive (1 pr, C.345594; 1 pr, C.346570); Sydney S, Cronulla, 34°03'S 151°09' E, alive (1 pr,C.346573); Sydney, Port Hacking ,off Jibbon, 34°08.3' S 151°21.7'E,dead, 75–80 m (1 v,C.165599); Sydney, Port Hacking , Gunnamatta Bay , 34°03'S 151°08' E, alive (1 pr, C.132012; 14 v, C.346430; 1 pr,C.346548); Sydney, Port Hacking , Little Turriel Point, Ship Rock, 34°04'S 151°07'E, alive, 4.6–12.2 m (many,C.068504;2 pr, C.083928); Sydney, Port Hacking , Ship Rock, 34°04'S 151°07'E, alive, 5–10 m (4 v, C.121416; 1 pr, C.345601); Port Hacking , Ship Rock, 34°04'S 151°07'E, alive, 11 m (1 pr, C.345598); Port Hacking , South West Arm , 34°04'S 151°06'E, alive (1 pr, C.100685); Port Hacking , Ship Rock, 34°04'S 151°07'E, alive, 6–20 m (1 pr, C.345558; 1 pr, C.346823; 1 pr, C.346827; 5 pr, C.346838; 6 pr, C.346841); Port Hacking , Gunnamatta Bay , 34°04'S 151°08' E, dead (1 v, C.346502); Simpsons Bay , Port Hacking , The Basin, 34°05'S 151°08'E, dead (6 v, C.345440; 8 v, C.346552); Port Hacking , Bundeena, Simpsons Beach, 34°05'S 151°08'E, dead (13 v, C.346551; 2 v, C.346554; 5 v, C.346556); Port Hacking , Bundeena Beach, 34°05' S 151°09'E, dead (4 v, C.345557); off Botany to Wattamolla, 34°05'S 151°14'E, dead, 64 m (1 pr, C.111398); Shellharbour, 34°35'S 150°52'E, dead (1 pr, C.050133; many v, C.132011); Gerringong , 34°45'S 150°50'E, dead (33 v, C.132025); Seven Mile Beach, S of Gerringong, 34°48'S 150°46'E, dead (12 v, C.345559); 1 ml off Shoalhaven River (= Crookhaven River ), 34°53'– 34°52.08'S 150°46'– 150°47.27'E, dead, 20–27 m (1 v, C.013195);1 ml off Shoalhaven River , 34°55'S 150°54'E,dead, 20–27 m (1 pr,C.345560); Jervis Bay , Callala Point, 35°0'S 150°43'E, alive (3 pr, C.129700); Jervis Bay , Green Point, 35°0'S 150°44'E, alive, 12 m (6 pr, C.346850; 5 pr, C.346852; 1 pr, C.346863); Crookhaven Bight, Whale Point, 35°0'S 150°49' E, alive, 15 m (1 pr, C.096073; 1 pr, C.345569; 2 pr, C.346806); Jervis Bay , Huskisson, 35°02'S 150°40'E, dead (7 v, C.345562); Jervis Bay , 35°02'S 150°44'E,alive, 27.5 m (1 pr, C.117386;1 pr, C.345607; 3 v, C.346574); Jervis Bay , Montagu Roadstead, 35°02'S 150°45'E, alive, 12 m (1 pr, C.346853;2 pr,C.346856;2 pr,C.346859); Jervis Bay , Beecroft Peninsula, Honeymoon Bay , 35°03' S 150°46'E, dead, 6–8 m (7 v, C.345561; 1 v, C.105690); Jervis Bay , Honeymoon Beach, 35°03'S 150°46'E,alive (2 pr, C.119474;3 pr,C.345605);off Jervis Bay , 35°05'S 151°02'E, dead, 64–73 m (1 pr, C.132013; 1 v, C.132014); Jervis Bay , Captains Beach, 35°07'S 150°42'E, dead, beach (2 v, C.346565); S side Jervis Bay , Darling Point, 35°07'S 150°44'E, alive, 18 m (3 pr, C.346821); Jervis Bay , Hole in The Wall , 35°07'S 150°44'E, alive, 12 m (1 pr, C.346861); Bendalong, N of Lake Conjola , Ocean beach, 35°15'S 150°32'E,dead (5 v,C.345571); Ulladulla, Warden Head, 35°22'S 150°29'E, dead (1 v, C.101641); 150 m E of Burrill Rocks , 35°23'S 150°28'E, alive, 18 m (1 pr, C.345582); Batemans Bay , Surf Beach (= Surfside Beach), 35°42'S 150°12'E, alive (1 pr,C.345625); Narooma, 36°13'S 150°08'E,dead (19 v,C.132026);off Narooma, Montague Island , 36°15'S 150°13'E,dead (3 v,C.345574); Bermagui, 36°25'S 150°03'E, dead (2 v, C.345576); Eden, Quarantine Bay , 37°04' S 149°52'E,alive (1 pr, C.345595); Twofold Bay , Eden, 37°04'S 149°54'E,dead(2 v, C.345578; many v,C.345581); Twofold Bay , 37°05'S 149°55'E, dead, beach (3 v, C.007671); Twofold Bay , 37°05'S 149°55'E, alive (13 v, C.049894;1 pr,C.119473);off Eden, 37°05' S 150°0' E,alive (1 pr,C.345580); 5–6 km off Eden, 37°05'S 150°0'E, dead, 46–55 m (1 v, C.050680). VICTORIA: Mallacoota, 37°34'S 149°56'E, alive (2 v, C.119472; 1 pr, C.346907); Western Port , 38°22'S 145°32' E, dead, 15–18 m (6 v, C.346908). SOUTH AUSTRALIA: Off Port Lincoln , 34°43'S 135°52' E, alive, 27–37 m (6 pr, ZMA Moll. 140823). WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Cockburn Sound, S of Fremantle, 32°12'S 115°44'E, alive (2 pr, ZMA Moll. 146179); Fremantle, Woodmans Point, 32°12'S 115°44'E, alive, 5 m (1 pr, ZMA Moll. 143779); Fremantle Harbour, Rous Head, 32°03'S 115°45' E,alive, 7 m (1 pr, ZMA Moll. 146180); Cervantes, W of Outer Rocks, 30°26.5'S 114°59.1' E, alive, 12–16 m (6 pr, WAM S12554 ). — NEW CALEDONIA: Poum, 20°13'S 164°03' E, dead (1 pr, C.346593); 21°0'S 165°0'E, alive (3 pr, C.346595);Nouméa, 22°16'S 166°27'E,alive (1 pr,C.131209);Nouméa,Ile Ste.Marie, 22°18'S 166°29'E,dead, 0–2 m (1 pr,C.346594); Nouméa, Anse Vata, 22°19'S 166°27'E, dead (9 v, C.103737); Nouméa,Anse Vata, Ile Cesar, 22°31.7'S 166°45'E, alive (2 pr, C.346597) .

Description. Shell up to c. 80 mm high, most specimens smaller than 50 mm; solid, elongate, weakly inflated, left valve of most specimens more convex than right; inequivalve, inequilateral, auricles highly unequal in shape and size, umbonal angle c. 80–85°; most specimens brown or purple, a few specimens white, cream, yellow, orange or red, weakly maculated with dots and/or streaks.

Left valve sculptured with 9–11 unevenly spaced, strongly squamous radial plicae, varying in prominence, with 1–4 interstital riblets on central part of disc, reducing in prominence or lacking near ventral margin. Right valve with finer sculpture of c. 18–26 more clustered, unevenly spaced, squamous radial costae, also varying in prominence and extending to ventral margin. Shagreen microsculpture in radial interspaces early in ontogeny, and well-developed on anterior auricle of left valve, almost lacking on right valve. Antimarginal microsculpture in radial interspaces in early radial stage on both valves, also on posterior area of disc in late growth stage on left valve, and on anterior area of disc on right valve, lacking in specimens over 50 mm high. Anterior auricles much larger and longer than posterior ones, bearing 6–10 squamous radial costae on left valve and 3–5 weaker ones on right valve. Byssal notch deep, byssal fasciole broad. Functional ctenolium well-developed, with 5–7 teeth. Hinge with resilial and dorsal teeth prominent in mature specimens.

Dimensions. Illustrated specimens: QLD, Moreton Bay, off Peel Island, 9 m (AM C.097513): rv: H 60.4, L 59.0 m; lv: H 61.9, L 62.9 mm; D 22.2 mm (all dimensions include the prominent scales); Pecten foliaceus Quoy & Gaimard (Fig. 76B, E): one of three syntypes (pr) MNHN-IM-2000-21186: lv: H 46 mm, L 45 mm, rv: H 42.6 mm, L 41.1 mm; D = 16 mm [scales included]. This specimen is figured in Quoy & Gaimard (1835: pl. 76, figs 4–6) and in Chenu (1843: pl. 22, figs 2–2b). Citations on the internet are: MNHN ( MNHN, 2018) and in WoRMS: Aphia ID: 393328 = Pecten foliaceus Quoy & Gaimard, 1835 .

Habitat. Living in the littoral zone, byssally attached under stones and to rocks, metal objects and jetty piles. Scaeochlamys livida possibly was introduced into Western Australia recently, as it did not appear in the WAM collection prior to 1967. It has now become exceedingly common in the Fremantle/Rottnest/Cockburn Sound area. It may have begun to displace Mimachlamys asperrima , which formerly occupied these same areas. Whether the environment near Fremantle has become better suited to Scaeochlamys livida and less suited to Mimachlamys asperrima , or whether recruitment of juveniles of the former species is more efficient than the latter has not yet been determined. In the eastern states, Scaeochlamys livida is common in similar habitats, particularly near Sydney, but most specimens do not grow as large as in Western Australia. Many specimens are distorted due to its byssal attachment to hard substrates.

Distribution. New Caledonia, southern Queensland, New South Wales, Victoria, South Australia and Western Australia. For colonization in WesternAustralia see Morrison and Wells (2008). Present specimens alive at 4– 51 m.

Remarks. This species could easily be confused with the equal-sized, closely similar congeneric species, Scaeochlamys squamea , known from the tropical Indo-West Pacific. Scaeochlamys livida can be distinguished from S. squamea by its larger size (up to 80 mm high, S. squamea up to 60 mm), its coarser radial sculpture with hypertrophied scales ( S. squamea has narrower costae with less developed scales), its almost lacking antimarginal sculpture in early radial stage (in S. squamea antimarginal microsculpture is present and prominent on most specimens), and in most specimens being brown or purple ( S. squamea has more colour gradations and colour patterns).