Annachlamys flabellata ( Lamarck, 1819 )

Dijkstra, Henk H. & Beu, Alan G., 2018, Living Scallops of Australia and Adjacent Waters (Mollusca: Bivalvia: Pectinoidea: Propeamussiidae, Cyclochlamydidae and Pectinidae), Records of the Australian Museum (Rec. Aust. Mus.) 70 (2), pp. 113-330 : 211-213

Annachlamys flabellata ( Lamarck, 1819)

Figs 47D–E, 49B,E, 50, 51A–B

Pecten flabellatus Lamarck, 1819: 172 , no. 36; Dijkstra, 1994: 485, figs 83–86 (lectotype).

Pecten leopardus Reeve, 1853 : sp. 145, pl. 32, fig. 145; E. A. Smith, 1884: 114 [in part]; Küster & Kobelt, 1888: 205, pl. 55, fig. 2; Hedley, 1906: 464; Thiele, 1930: 591.

Pecten flabellatus f. leopardus Reeve. –Bavay, 1904b: 364.

Annachlamys leopardus (Reeve) .– Iredale, 1939: 358; Allan, 1950: 281; McMichael, 1960: 26.

Annachlamys melica Iredale, 1939:359 ;Allan, 1950:281, fig.8.

Chlamys leopardus (Reeve) .–Coleman, 1982: 32, fig. 70; Wells & Bryce, 1988: 160, pl. 60, fig. 587.

Annachlamys flabellata (Lamarck) .–Dijkstra, 1991: 42; Lamprell & Whitehead, 1992: [26], 173, pl. 11, fig. 63 (in part); Slack-Smith & Bryce, 2004: 236 [as Anachlamys flabellata ]; Taylor & Glover, 2004: 262; Raines & Poppe, 2006: 93–93, upper figs; pl. 26, figs 1, 4; pl. 27, figs 4–5; pl. 28, fig. 4; Huber, 2010: 197.

Chlamys flabellata (Lamarck) .–Wells, Slack-Smith & Bryce, 2000: 42.

Chlamys (Annachlamys) flabellata (Lamarck) .–Dharma, 2005: 248, pl. 99, fig. 14.

Type data. Pecten flabellatus Lamarck : lectotype (pr) MNHN Moll21192, designated by Dijkstra (1994: 485), paralectotype (pr) MNHN Moll 21193; type locality: not indicated in original description; Australia, WesternAustralia , Shark Bay, restricted and designated by Dijkstra (1994: 485).

Pecten leopardus Reeve : two syntypes (pr) NHMUK 1950.11.14.1–2.Type locality: Australia, Queensland, Moreton Bay .

Annachlamys melica Iredale : holotype (pr) AM C.090372. Type locality: Australia, Western Australia, Broome, Entrance Point , between tide marks.

Comments on type data. For more information on the type data of Pecten flabellatus see Dijkstra (1994: 485, pl. 20, figs 83–86). The type material of Pecten leopardus and Annachlamys melica falls within the range of variation of Annachlamys flabellata (see remarks below). It is not necessary to designate a lectotype of P. leopardus for nomenclatural stability.

Figure 50. Distribution of Annachlamys flabellata (Lamarck) .

Additional material examined. — AUSTRALIA: QUEENSLAND: Torres Strait, 10°06.6'S 141°36.66'E, alive, 15 m (1 pr, C.164909); Torres Strait, 10°22.48' S 141°03.36' E, alive, 17 m (1 pr, C.164907); Torres Strait, 10°28.05'S 141°45.21'E, alive, 16 m (1 pr, C.164908); Torres Strait, Thursday Island, 10°35'S 142°13'E, alive (2 pr, C.367540); Torres Strait, Friday Island, 10°36'S 142°10'E, dead (1 v, C.370369); Cape York Peninsula, 10°41.3'S 142°31.75'E, dead (14 v, C.097557); Cape York Peninsula,Albany Passage, 10°45'S 142°37'E,alive, 7–26 m (2 pr, C.132761; 4 v, C.055644; many v, C.036129); GBR, off Cape York, 3 ml E of Turtle Head Island, 10°56' S 143°46'E, alive, 18 m (1 pr, C.130085); 2 ml NE of Hannibal Island, 11°33'S 142°57'E, dead, 22–23 m (1 v, C.370370); Gulf of Carpentaria, 10 ml SW of Mapoon, 12°05'S 141°40'E,dead, 18 m (8 v,C.014078);Gulf of Carpentaria,W of Edward River, 14°46'S 141°20.7'E,dead, 18 m (1 v,C.367530); GBR,0.5 ml W of Two Isles, 15°01'S 145°26'E, dead, 30 m (2 v, C.075239);Three Isles, N of Cooktown, 15°07'S 145°25'E, dead (1 v,C.370371);Gulf of Carpentaria, W of Mitchell River, 15°10'S 141°06'E,alive, 24 m (1 pr, C.367532); Cairns Reef lagoon & between Cairns Reef & Hope Island, 15°42'S 145°30'E, dead, 9–18 m (3 v, C.027530); E Gulf of Carpentaria, W of Nassau River, 15°51' S 140°54.2'E, alive, 22 m (8 pr, C.367536; 3 pr, C.109329); E Gulf of Carpentaria, W of Nassau River, 15°53.5' S 140°42'E, alive, 25.6 m (4 pr, C.367535); E of Carpentaria, W of Nassau River, 15°53.5'S 141°13.8'E,alive, 11 m (2 pr,C.114114); E Gulf of Carpentaria, SW of Nassau River, 16°08.5'S 140°52.6' E, alive, 18 m (1 pr, C.370390); Low Isles, 16°23'S 145°34' E, dead, 16–22 m (4 v, C.370372); SE Gulf of Carpentaria,W of Staaten River, 16°25.5'S 140°17.4'E,alive, 25.6 m (many,C.108356); SE Gulf of Carpentaria, off Karumba, 16°30'– 17°30'S 140°0'– 141°0'E, alive (1 pr, C.115072; 2 pr, C.117071; 1 pr, C.113278); GBR, off Cairns, 16°36.2'– 16°35.9'S 146°15.4'– 146°14.3'E,dead, 110–210 m (10 v, C.138268);E Gulf of Carpentaria, W of Gilbert River, 16°41.5'S 141°05.5'E,alive, 3.5–18.3 m (1 pr, C.370391;1 v,C.367529); Gulf of Carpentaria,Forsyth Island, 16°50'S 139°06'E, dead (2 v, C.014850); GBR, off Cairns, 16°51.6' S – 16°51'S 146°01.2' E – 146°04'E,dead, 33–35 m (20 v, C.370366); SE Gulf of Carpentaria, W of Point Burrowes, 16°57'S 140°16'E, dead, 18 m (18 v, C.367528); Gulf of Carpentaria, S of Sweers Island, 17°06'S 139°37'E, dead, 9–22 m (2 v, C.367533; 11 v, C.367534; many v, C.367537); E Gulf of Carpentaria, W of Fitzmaurice Point, 17°10.5'S 140°0' E, alive, 9–11 m (1 pr, C.370393); Gulf of Carpentaria, Karumba, 17°29'S 140°50'E,dead (2 v, C.367531);Palm Islands , 18°40'S 146°33'E, dead, 27 m (1 v, C.010256); off Townsville, 18°40'S 146°55'E, dead, 40–41 m (1 v,C.156018);Forrest Beach,S of Lucinda, 18°43'S 146°18'E,dead (2 v,C.371616); off Townsville, 19°0'S 147°0'E, alive (1 pr, C.133285); Magnetic Island, 19°08'S 146°50'E, dead (2 v, C.075242); S of Townsville, 19°17'S 147°32'E, dead, 24 m (1 v, C.370373); off Bowen, 19°44'S 148°14'E, dead, 40 m (1 v, C.119546); E of Bowen, 19°45.7' S 148°19'E, dead, 46 m (9 v, C.370367); off Abbot Point, 19°53'S 148°05'E, alive, 9–10 m (1 pr, C.309228); W of Hayman Island, 20°03' S 148°50'E, dead, 33 m (19 v,C.370468);Sinclair Bay,Cape Gloucester, 20°07' S 148°27'E,dead (3 v,C.097556); Whitsunday Passage, 20°13.5'S 148°47.5'E, dead, 24 m (12 v, C.119609);Whitsunday Passage,Lindeman Island, 20°27'S 149°02' E,dead (many v,C.058934);off Shaw Island, N of Mackay, 20°29'S 149°05'E, dead, 37 m (4 v, C.370452); Whitsunday Passage, 20°32.3'S 149°01.4'E, dead, 27 m (19 v, C.120178); E of Mackay, 20°52'S 149°29'E, dead, 35 m (12 v, C.116565); Seaforth, N of Mackay, 20°54'S 148°58'E, dead (1 v, C.059196); Mackay, 21°07' S 149°14'E, dead (1 v, C.370472); E of Sarina, 21°27.5'S 150°08' E, dead, 42 m (many v, C.119582); E of Sarina, 21°28'S 150°08.5'E, dead, 40 m (many v, C.370476); SE of Sarina, 21°47'S 150°34'E, dead, 59 m (11 v, C.370477); E of Broad Sound, 21°58.5' S 150°45' E, dead, 57 m (20 v, C.370481);off Broad Sound, 22°06'S 150°49' E,dead, 53 m (18 v, C.116493);inside Swain Reefs, 22°14'S 152°27'E, alive, 60 m (1 pr, QM MO.33652);SE of Swain Reefs, 22°31.4'S 152°32.6'E,dead, 100 m (2 v,C.157663);off Yeppoon, 22°42'S 151°37.4' E,dead, 68 m (2 v,C.370492);Keppel Bay, North Keppel Island, 23°04'S 150°54'E,alive (4 pr,C.132762);Keppel Bay, North Keppel Island,off SW end, 23°04' S 150°54' E,alive, 7 m (2 pr,C.071609); Keppel Bay, Yeppoon, 23°08'S 150°45'E, alive (2 pr, C.371710); Keppel Bay, between Outer Rock and Man & Wife, NE of South Keppel Island, 23°08'S 150°56'E, dead, 24–26 m (2 v, C.370496); Keppel Bay, 23°25'S 150°55'E, alive (1 pr, C.132763; 2 pr, C.119780); Figure 51. A, B, Annachlamys flabellata (Lamarck) , pair, specimen in Figs 47D, E, 49B, E; lv interior (A), rv interior (B). C, F, Annachlamys iredalei (Powell) , separate valves, NMNZ M171160, NORFANZ stn 66, off Lord Howe Island, 31°45.73'S 159°20.93'E, 565–960 m; lv interior (C), lv exterior (F). D, E, G, H, Annachlamys kuhnholtzi (Bernardi) , pair, specimen in Fig. 47A, C; rv interior (D), rv exterior (E), lv interior (G), lv exterior (H). Scale bars represent 30 mm.

Capricorn Group, Heron Island, 23°26'S 151°57' E, alive (1 pr, C.371633); Port Curtis, 23°55'S 151°23'E, dead (3 v, C.012167);Port Curtis,Rodds Harbour, 24°0'S 151°34'E, alive (1 pr, C.069985; 1 pr, C.080128); off Burnett Heads, 24°46'S 152°24'E, dead, 46 m (18 v, C.064358;18 v, C.097560);Bargara, 24°49'S 152°28'E, dead (1 v, C.371705); Hervey Bay, 25°06' S 152°49'E,alive, 18–27 m (2 pr, C.132764;3 v,C.080129);Hervey Bay, Point Vernon, 25°15'S 152°49' E, dead (1 v, C.070046); Hervey Bay, Torquay, 25°17' S 152°52'E, alive (1 pr, C.371706);Hervey Bay, Eli Creek, N of Pialba, 25°17'S 152°49'E, dead (1 v, C.070051); Hervey Bay, Dundowran, 25°18'S 152°46' E, dead (3 v, C.371703); Hervey Bay, S of Woody Island, 25°18.5'S 152°56'E, alive, 9 m (4 pr, C.097559); S of Fraser Island, 25°28'S 153°0'E, alive (2 pr, C.070644); off Wide Bay, 25°50'S 153°27.4' E,alive, 55 m (2 pr,C.097558);off Tin Can Bay, 25°50'S 153°27.5' E, dead, 55 m (20 v, C.119782); south coast, 26°30'S 153°10'E, alive (1 pr, C.081221);off Mooloolaba, 26°40'S 153°36'E, alive, 55–146 m (1 pr, C.071555);Caloundra, 26°49'S 153°10'E,dead (1 v,C.012775);Moreton Bay, 27°15'S 153°15'E,alive (5 pr,C.111522); Moreton Bay, 27°15'S 153°15'E,dead, 3.5–11 m (3 v,C.119781);Moreton Bay,Redcliffe Peninsula, off Margate, King Street Reef, 27°15.5' S 153°07.3'E, dead, 8 m (1 v, C.371597);Moreton Bay, Green Island, 27°26' S 153°14' E,dead(1 v,C.370601);Moreton Bay, off Dunwich, Stradbroke Island, 27°30'S 153°24'E, dead, 5–7 m (5 v, C.075252; 6 v, C.073040). WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Perth,Cottesloe Beach & nearby beaches, 31°59'S 115°45'E, dead (1 v, C.119772); Geraldton, 28°46'S 114°37'E, dead (1 v, C.069304); Abrolhos Islands , outside Wallabi Group, 28°25'S 113°33' E, alive (2 pr, C.119776);Shark Bay, 26°07'S 113°25'E,dead (3 v,C.119773);Shark Bay, off Denham, 25°56'S 113°31'E,dead (2 v,C.076945);Shark Bay,N end of Dirk Hartog Island, 25°29'S 112°57'E, alive, 18 m (5 pr,WAM);Rottnest Shelf, 25°17.96'S 112°59.13'E,dead, 100 m (1 v, WAM S12529 ); c. 48 km S of Carnarvon, 25°10'S 114°39' E, alive, 15–18 m (3 pr,C.370404);off Carnarvon, 24°52'S 113°36'E,alive, 24 m (3 pr,C.370407);Exmouth Gulf, 22°15' S 114°15'E, alive, 20 m (2 pr, C.108906; 1 pr, C.119778; 1 v, C.365495); North West Cape, 21°49.05'S 114°14.56' E, dead, 23 m (1 v, C.365512); North West Cape, 21°44.5'S 114°19.6'E,dead, 12 m (1 v,C.365511);Onslow area, 21°38'S 115°07' E, dead (3 v,C.365491);North West Shelf, 26 n. ml NNE of Dampier, 20°14.6'S 116°50.9'E, alive, 40–41 m (1 pr, C.370395); North West Shelf, 19°55.2'– 19°55.6'S 117°56'– 117°55.6' E,dead, 40 m (1 v,C.149203);North West Shelf, 52 n. ml NNE of Port Hedland, 19°30.9'– 19°28.2'S 118°49.2' – 118°55.4' E, alive, 36–37 m (2 pr + 7 v, C.148702); 72 n. ml NNW of Dampier, 19°28.9'– 19°29.0'S 116°29.4'– 116°29.0'E, dead, 110 m (1 v, C.165178); Eighty [= Ninety] Mile Beach, near N end, 19°07' S 121°29'E, dead (1 v, C.057134); North West Shelf, 74 n. ml NNE of Port Hedland, 19°05.4'– 19°05.3' S 118°53.9'– 118°54'E, dead, 80 m (1 v, C.365510); North West Shelf, 77 n. ml NNE of Port Hedland,19°05'– 19°04.9'S 118°58' – 118°58.2'E,dead, 82 m (7 v,C.149339);North West Shelf, 78 n. ml NNE of Port Hedland, 19°04.6' – 19°04.3'S 118°47.4' – 118°47.6'E, dead, 82 m (1 v,C.149996); North West Shelf, 78 n. ml NNE of Port Hedland,19°04.4'– 19°04.2'S 119°04.4'– 119°00.7'E,dead, 82 m (7 v,C.149326);North West Shelf, 80 n. ml NNE of Port Hedland, 19°03.6' – 19°03.4' S 119°03.4' – 119°03.5' E, dead, 82 m (many v, C.147419); 10-12 ml W of Lagrange Bay, 18°37'S 121°43'E, alive, 22–46 m (1 juv. pr [flat form],WAM447);Broome, Entrance Point, 18°01'S 122°12'E, alive (pr [holotype of A. melica ], C.090372;1 v [paratype of A. melica ], C.119775);Broome, Roebuck Bay, Central Bank, 18°0'S 122°15'E, alive (4 pr, C.121366); Broome, Roebuck Bay, 18°0'S 122°15'E,alive (2 pr,C.132759);Broome,low tide,alive (2 pr,WAM);Broome, 17°58'S 122°14'E, dead (4 v, C.069100; 1 v, C.075236; 1 v, C.075238); off Lacepede Islands , 16°58'S 122°08'E, alive (1 pr, C.119777); Beagle Bay, 16°56'S 122°32' E, dead (many v, C.119774); Buccaneer Archipelago, 15°57'S 123°26'E, dead (1 v, C.042425); Timor Sea, South Sahul Bank, 12°0'S 125°0'E, dead, 27 m (2 v + fragm., C.071457); Timor Sea, Sahul Banks, 11°30'S 125°30'E, dead, 27 m (1 fragm., C.365957). NORTHERN TERRITORY: Tree Point,SW of Darwin, 14°01' S 129°36'E,dead (10 v, C.365953;4 v, C.365954); SW of Darwin, Peron Islands , W of North Peron Island, alive, 15 m (2 pr,NTM P003492);SW of Darwin,Peron Islands ,NNW of North Peron Island, 13°0.90'S 129°58.92'E,alive, 14 m (5 pr, NTM P003574);Anson Bay, 13°20'S 130°10'E,dead (3 v, C.040802); SW of Darwin, Fog Bay, 1.5 n ml NW of Blaze Reef, 12°52.02' S 130°11.10'E,alive, 6 m (2 pr, NTM P003614);Darwin, 36 km off Point Charles, 12°10'S 130°22'E,dead, 27–37 m (5 v,C.365958);Darwin,N side East Point, 12°25'S 130°49'E, dead (1 v, C.140188); NE of Darwin, outer Shoal Bay, 12°06.90'S 130°49.92'E, alive, 18 m (1 pr, NTM P005808); Port Darwin, 12°28'S 130°50' E, dead (1 v, C.013917; 1 v, C.108320); Darwin, Casuarina Beach , 12°21'S 130°52'E, dead (3 v, C.060723; 1 v, C.077819); Darwin, middle section of Casuarina Beach , adjacent to outlet of Sandy Creek, Free Beach, 12°21' S 130°53.3'E, washed ashore, dead (1 pr, NTM P010564); Cobourg Peninsula, 11°16'S 132°09'E, dead (1 v, C.117574); Arafura Sea, 68 km NE of Croker Island, 10°39'S 133°05'E, dead, 62 m (1 v, C.365961);Arafura Sea, 91 km N of Goulburn Island, 10°42'S 133°36'E,dead, 58 m (1 v, C.365959);Arafura Sea, 41 km NE of Goulburn Island, 11°10.5' S 133°43'E, dead, 47 m (1 v, C.365960); 84 km NE of Goulburn Island, 10°48.5'S 133°48'E,dead, 60 m (1 v,C.160979);Arafura Sea, 10°13'S 133°58'E, alive, 72 m (2 pr, C.126519);Arafura Sea, 11°24'S 134°54'E, alive, 40 m (1 pr, C.370402); Arafura Sea, 10°25'– 10°26'S 136°03'– 136°07'E, dead, 25 m (1 v, C.135561); Gulf of Carpentaria,Groote Eylandt, 14°0'S 136°25'E,dead (2 v,C.365956); Gulf of Carpentaria, alive, 9 m (2 pr, WAM);Arnhem Land, Gove Peninsula,Yirrkala, 12°15'S 136°53' E,dead (2 v,C.365955).— PAPUA NEW GUINEA: Gulf of Papua, off Cape Possession, 8°37'S 146°20'E, dead, 27 m (1 v, C.370365); off Port Moresby, Manubada (Local) Island, off W end, 9°31'S 147°10'E, dead, 18–22 m (1 v,C.370368).

Description. Shell up to c. 100 mm high, solid, subcircular, weakly inflated, almost equally convex (right valve slightly more convex than left), somewhat wider than high, slightly inequivalve, equilateral, auricles almost equal in size, umbonal angle c. 115°; resilial and dorsal teeth weak; colour of left valve variable (pinkish, yellowish or brownish) and patterned with dark pink or brown on plicae, with red or pink maculations; right valve white. Interior of both valves with prominent orange-red coloration on white ground; occupying most of interior of LV, centre of disc white; more limited to internal carinae on outer area of disc in RV.

Both valves sculptured with 16–20 evenly arranged radial plicae, smaller and weaker at anterior and posterior ends of disc than in centre, with interspaces each equal in width to one plica on left valve, somewhat narrower on right. Microsculpture of very closely spaced, commarginal lamellae throughout (on disc and auricles). Auricles lacking macrosculpture, gaping laterally. Internal rib carinae strongly developed. Dorsal margin straight. Byssal notch shallow, functional ctenolium lacking in adults.

Dimensions. Illustrated specimen: QLD, Rodds Harbour, Port Curtis (AM C.069985): rv: H 84.9, L 98.3 mm; lv: H 87.4, L 100.0 mm; D 20.4 mm.

Habitat. Living free (not byssally attached to substrates) in the littoral to sublittoral zones in colonies on soft sediment (sand and/or mud) and rubble, partially buried.

Distribution. Western Australia, Northern Territory, Queensland and northern New South Wales, <127 m (Lamprell & Whitehead, 1992: [26]). Herein extended to Papua New Guinea (dead only). Present material alive at 3.5– 72 m.

Remarks. Most specimens from Western Australia have one or two fewer plicae than those from Queensland, and most are paler in colour externally and more reddish internally, but intermediate variations are also observed (AM, WAM) from both sides of Australia. The inflation of the left valve varies from almost flat (AM, HD, rarely observed) to weakly convex; the inflation of the right valve is rather constant.

Lamprell & Whitehead (1992: [26]) included Annachlamys leopardus rena Iredale, 1939 , known from southern Queensland and northern New South Wales, in the synonymy of A. flabellata . In fact, it is a different species living in similar habitats to A. flabellata , and the name is here synonymized with Annachlamys kuhnholtzi (Bernardi, 1860) . The two species do not interbreed and no intermediate specimens have been observed (AM, QM). Both species are trawled commercially around Bundaberg, southern Queensland, but are of minor commercial importance in comparison with Ylistrum balloti and Pecten fumatus .