Ateralphus subsellatus (White, 1855)

Souza, Diego De S. & Monné, Marcela L., 2013, Revision of the genus Ateralphus Restello, Iannuzzi & Marinoni, 2001 (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae: Lamiinae), Zootaxa 3736 (4), pp. 301-337 : 314-323

Ateralphus subsellatus (White, 1855)

( Figs. 2 A; 35–96; 129)

Alphus subsellatus White, 1855: 375 ; Bates, 1862: 122 (check); Gemminer & Harold, 1873: 3142 (cat.); Aurivillius, 1923: 379 (cat.); Lima, 1930: 67 (biol.); Lima, 1936: 305 (biol.); Carvalho & Carvalho, 1939: 50 (dist.); Bosq, 1945: 53 (dist.); Blackwelder, 1946: 609 (cat.); Lima, 1955: 131 (biol.); Duffy, 1960: 224 (biol.); Gilmour, 1965: 607 (cat.); Silva et al., 1968: 398 (biol.); Viana, 1972: 369 (dist.); Lane, 1973: 397 (syn.); Martins & Monné, 1993: 138 (tax.); Monné, 1994: 40 (cat., dist.); Monné & Giesbert, 1994: 233 (check, dist.); Di Iorio, 1996: 153, 155 (biol., dist.); Monné, 2001: 40 (cat., dist.); Di Iorio, 2004b: 48 (dist.).

Ateralphus subsellatus ; Restello et al., 2001: 300; Monné, 2005: 169 (cat., dist.); Monné & Hovore, 2005: 204 (check, dist.) Wappes et al., 2006: 32 (dist.); Wappes et al. 2007: 35 (dist.); Monné & Bezark, 2009: 219 (check, dist.); Monné & Bezark, 2010: 222 (check, dist.); Monné & Bezark, 2011: 228 (check, dist.); Monné, 2012: 77 (holot.); Bezark & Monné, 2013: 235 (check, dist.).

Alphus canescens Bates, 1862: 122 ; Gemminer & Harold, 1873: 3142 (cat.); Bruch, 1912: 213 (cat.); Bridarolli, 1944: 58 (dist.); Bosq, 1945: 52 (dist.); Blackwelder, 1946: 609 (cat.); Buck, 1959: 603 (dist.); Gilmour, 1965: 607 (cat.); Viana, 1972: 368 (dist.).

Male. Integument dark brown to black. Body covered with dense and short greenish-gray setae. Frons ( Figs. 37– 38 ) rectangular, convex in lateral view. Upper ocular lobes height almost half of lower ocular lobe; distance between them two times width of lobe. Lower ocular lobe ( Fig. 37 ) rounded; height subequal to malar area. Genae convergent ( Fig. 37 ). Labrum ( Fig. 45 ) approximately one fifth wider than long; apical margin rounded; apical two thirds covered with dense and short setae and with one row of four long setae, differentiated towards lateral margin and other four at central-median region. Mandibles ( Fig. 39–41 ) width at base almost one fourth the maximum length; outer margin convex, with short setae on basal half and three differentiated and long median setae; the inner cutting edge without teeth. Maxillae ( Fig. 47 ): cardo and stipes well-developed; stipial sclerite well-developed, with patch of long setae on apical region; galea narrow at base and elongate to apex; two apical thirds with sparse setae, slightly denser towards apical margin; lacinia well-developed, almost completely covered with sparse setae, denser and thick on lateral and apical margins; palpi with basal subcylindrical and curved segment, and one third as long as apical segment length; segment III conical, subequal in length to segment II, with one row of short setae and one differentiated seta on outer margin; segment IV acuminate towards apex, with one row of short setae on outer margin. Labium ( Fig. 46 ): mentum trapezoidal; ligula semicoriaceous, almost completely covered with short and sparse setae (except on basal third) and dense and longer setae on inner and apical margins; segments of palpi independents; palpi with basal segment cylindrical and slightly elongated on apical third, with one subapical short seta on outer margin; apical segment acuminate at apex, almost one third shorter than basal segment, with one pair of long setae on outer margin.

Antennae ( Figs. 52 ; 95) reaching elytral apex approximately at antennomere VI. Scape with slight transverse depression on apical fourth of outer margin; covered with sparse yellowish-white setae. Pedicel with one spot of dark brown setae on apical region. Antennomeres III–XI with one ring of dark brown setae on apical region, gradually longer on distal antennomeres; with one dense fringe of dark brown and straight setae on inner surface (at least on antennomeres III and IV).

Prothorax ( Figs. 1A ; 48–51) almost one third wider than long; covered with short setae, golden and greenish; anterior margin almost one fifth narrower than posterior margin. Pronotum ( Fig. 1A ) with three tubercles on disc: two median elevated, with lunate and glabrous apex; with the third tubercle on midline, situated posterior to median tubercles, smaller and with glabrous apex. Prosternal process width almost one third the diameter of one procoxa. Mesosternal process ( Figs. 87–88 ) flat at posterior half and anterior margin decline at an angle of approximately 45° relative to mesosternum. Mesepisternum, mesepimeron and metepisternum covered with yellowish-gray setae. Proendosternite ( Figs. 50–51 ) well-developed and directed to posterior region of body; wide at base, slightly narrowing towards apex; apex rounded and curved. Mesendosternite ( Fig. 56 ) obliquely directed and connected to inner margin of mesepimeron; tendons well-developed and directed to posterior region of body, towards metendosternite. Metendosternite ( Fig. 59 ) with elongate plates, parallel to arms, slightly shorter than it, with apical region gradually elongated; area between plates and arms, membranous; arms perpendicular to peduncle, with apical region abruptly enlarged, with anterior elevation well-developed and perpendicular to arms; projections for implantation of tendons well-developed; peduncle length, subequal to arms.

Mesoscutum ( Fig. 60 ) fused to scutellum; anterior margin sinuous, with lateral apices acuminate; with one anterolateral projection; with short setae on lateral margins; stridulatory plate occupies about one fourth the maximum width of mesoscutum. Scutellum ( Figs. 1A ; 60) wider than long, subtriangular and apical margin sinuous; with one median longitudinal depression; finely punctate, covered with golden and greenish setae, denser towards margins.

Elytra ( Figs. 57–58 ; 90–93) with brown to greenish integument; length about 3.5 times longer than prothorax; covered with rather gray and golden setae, with dorsal median patches of white setae, which may spread diagonally to epipleura and apex. Basal-crest slightly elevated, without tubercles; from crests, one “V”-shaped stain of dark brown setae; region between basal-crests with setae colored as the elytron. Epipleura with longitudinal stripe of dark brown setae near margin. Apical margin of elytra truncate. Membranous wings (Fig. 61) elongated; length about 2.5 times the width. Costa (C) reduced, restricted to slightly less than basal third of wing. Subcosta (Sc) length, subequal to C, fused to Radial (R) approximately at basal third of wing. R well-developed; base with one small carinate area (cra); length about half of wing length. Transverse veins radio-sector (r-s) and media-sector (ms), well-developed; r-s attached to Sector (S), which part from R throughout Anterior Sector ( AS) and make the radial cell. Media vein (M) subdivided on Anterior Media (AM) and Posterior Media (PM), separated by two times the wing length. AM sectioned, appearing as one small branch at base and reapearing as a branch, that extends almost to subapical margin. PM associated to Cubitus (Cu). Cu well developed; length subequal to R length and fused to this, near wing base through arcule (arc). Empusal (E) origin near Cu; attached to Anal (A1) at wing base. Plical (P) slightly sclerotized, with origin approximately at mid height of Cu; attached to E on its visible basal half. Branches of E (Ea and Eb) well developed, as sclerotized as P. Ea origin point not defined, near P and Eb. 1st and 2nd Anal (1A and 2A) well-developed, both with the same origin point. 2A forked in two parallel branches on posterior half, being the anterior branch (2Aa) fused to vein 1A and the posterior branch (2Ab) free. Jugal (Ju) well developed and long, with about half of width wing and slightly sinuous.

Legs (Figs. 62–73) entirely covered with yellowish-gray setae. Tibiae ( Fig. 94 ) with dense ring of dark brown setae interspersed with golden setae on apical third. Tarsomere V ( Fig. 94 ) bicolorous: base with yellowish-white setae and apex dark brown.

Abdomen entirely covered with yellowish-gray setae, denser laterally and on apical region of last sternite. Sternite V wider than long; almost as long as length of sternites III and IV together. Tergite VII ( Fig. 75 ) acuminate towards apex; one fourth apical with short and dense setae.

Terminalia. Sternite VIII ( Fig. 78 ) membranous, except on apical third; with short setae on margins, denser towards apical region; apex rounded; length about 1.5 times the apophysis length. Tergite VIII ( Fig. 76 ) membranous, gradually sclerotized apically; covered with short setae on apical fourth. Median lobe ( Figs. 79–80 ) curved in lateral view; dorsal and ventral lobes subequal in length; basal apophysis about 1.3 times less than apical portion; internal sac with two sclerotized pieces, parallel and sinuous. Tegmen ( Fig. 81 ) as long as median lobe; parameres length about one third the tegmen length, near each other and with grooves at base; ring pieces together at apex, with one apical projection short and straight and apical margin truncate. Ventral arc ( Fig. 77 ) fork-shaped, with apophysis length about three times the arm’s length; curved apically.

Female. Mandibles ( Figs. 42–44 ) width at base about one third less than maximum length.

Antennae ( Figs. 53 ; 96) reaching elytral apex approximately at antennomeres VII and VIII. Antenomeres without fringe of straight setae on inner surface or if present, with sparse setae.

Sternite V ( Figs. 82 ; 89) almost as long as the length of sternite II, III and IV together. Tergite VII ( Fig. 83 ) sclerotized, with median sulcus on apical third.

Terminalia ( Figs. 84–86 ). Sternite VIII ( Fig. 84 ) subcylindrical, with apical region slightly narrower than basal region; sternal apodeme length about four times longer than sternite VIII. Tergal apodemes concave and narrowing towards basal region. Coxites ( Fig. 86 ) narrow and elongate, parallel and widely separated; basal region slightly wider than apical region. Bursa copulatrix small and ovate. Spermathecal duct long. Spermatheca curved and elongate, with elongate and rounded apex. Spermathecal gland short, length about two times longer than spermatheca.

Variability. The fringe of setae on inner surface of antennae of males may vary in density. Color of setae covering the elytra is variable with relation to “V”-shaped stain setae, which may be slight or incomplete and the regions with dorsal white setae may vary on shape and size ( Figs. 90–93 ). Meso- and metatibiae may have one apical ring of dark brown setae slender than those on protibiae.

Measurements (mm), male/female. Total length, 8.3–14.1/9.6–14.5; prothorax length, 1.8–3.0/1.9–3.0; prothorax maximum width, 2.8–4.7/3.2–4.7; elytral length, 5.8–10.3/7.0–10.5; humeral width, 3.2–6.0/3.7–5.8.

Type-material. Holotype, Alphus subsellatus , female, Brazil (BMNH); Alphus canescens Bates , synonym, holotype, male, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (MNHN). (examined by photograph).

Discussion. Ateralphus subsellatus is similar to A. auritarsus new species and differs, besides the characters in the key, by coloration pattern of elytral setae. In A. auritarsus new species, the elytra are entirely covered with dense setae and the “V”-shaped stain is clearly marked, with origin before the end of basal-crest, while in A. subsellatus is less dense and has origin near end of basal-crest, resembling a continuation of these.

Geographical distribution. Brazil (Pernambuco (Carvalho & Carvalho, 1939), Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul), Bolivia (Santa Cruz (Wappes et al., 2006)), Paraguay ( San Pedro (Bosq, 1945) and Central (Viana, 1972)) Argentina (Salta, Tucumán, Catamarca (Di Iorio, 1996) and Misiones). New records are added from Brazil (Rondônia and Mato Grosso), Bolivia (La Paz) and Paraguay (Alto Paraná) ( Fig. 129 ).

Biology. According to literature, the larva develops in Ficus pohliana (Miq.) Miq ( Moraceae )) (Lima, 1930; Monné, 2001), Annona squamosa L. ( Annonaceae ) (Silva et al., 1968), Fagara coco (current Zanthoxylum coco Gillies ex Hook. f. & Arn.) ( Rutaceae ) (Di Iorio, 1996; Monné, 2001) and Balfourodendron riedelianum (Engl.) Engl.

FIGURES 61–73. Ateralphus subsellatus (White, 1855) , male: 61, membranous wing; 62, profemur; 63, protibia; 64, mesofemur; 65, mesotibia; 66, metafemur; 67, metatibia; 68–69, protarsus, dorsal and lateral view; 70–71, mesotarsus, dorsal and lateral view; 72–73, metatarsus, dorsal and lateral view. Scales = 1mm. Figures 62–73, respectively, same scale. A = Anal, 1A, 2A, 2Aa, 2Ab = 1st and 2nd Anal and their branches, AS = Anterior Sector, arc = arcule, cra = carinate area, C = Costa, Cu = Cubitus, E = Empulsal, Ju = Jugal, M = Media, AM = Anterior Media, PM = Posterior Media, m-s = media-sector, P = Plical, R = Radial, r-s = radio-sector, S = Sector, Sc = Subcosta.

Material examined. BRAZIL, Rondônia: Ouro Preto do Oeste, 1 female, XI.1983, Becker, Roppa & Silva leg. (MNRJ); Mato Grosso: Sinop, 12º31’S, 55º37’W (BR 163) Km 500 a 600, 4 males, 2 females, X.1974, Alvarenga & Roppa leg. (MNRJ); Bahia: Encruzilhada, Estr. Rio–Bahia, Km 965, Motel da Divisa, 960m, 1 female, XI.1972, Seabra & Roppa leg. (MNRJ); Itapetinga, 1 female, 25.X.1969, F.M. Oliveira leg. (MNRJ); Minas Gerais: Aguas Vermelhas, 1 male, 19.XI.1970, F. M. Oliveira leg. (MNRJ); Belo Horizonte, 1 female, Oscar Monte leg. (MNRJ); Espírito Santo: Barra de São Francisco (Córrego Itá), 1 female, XI.1956, W. Zikán col (MZSP); 1 male, X.1959, W.

Grossmann leg. (MNRJ); Linhares (Parque Sooretama), 1 male, I.1963, F.M. Oliveira leg. (MNRJ), 1 male, III.1988, Pedro Almeida Teles leg. (MNRJ); Santa Teresa, 1 female, XI.1964, C.T. Elias leg. (MZSP); Rio de Janeiro: Guanabara (Corcovado), 1 male, IX.1959; 1 female, 23.X.1965, Alvarenga & Seabra leg. (MNRJ); São Paulo: 1 female, XI.1931 (MZSP); Marília, 1 female, 1.XI.1945, H. Zellibor leg. (MNRJ); Teodoro Sampaio, 1 male, XI.1973, F.M. Oliveira leg. (MNRJ); Paraná: Arapoti, 1 female Anton Maller leg. (MNRJ); Ponta Grossa, 1 male, I.1944 (DZUP); Rondon, 24°38’B, 54°07’L, 600 m, 1 male, 1 female, XI.1952, Fritz Plaumann leg. (MNRJ); Salto Mauá, 1 male, V.1943 (DZUP); Santa Catarina: Mafra, 1 female, IV.1938, Anton Maller leg. (MNRJ); Joinville, 1 female, IX.1921, C. Schimith leg. (DZUP); Corupá, 1 male, XII.1974 (MNRJ); Timbó (rio Benedito), 1 female, XI.1939, Dirings leg. (MZSP); Nova Teutônia, 27°11’B, 52°23’L, 300–500 m, 3 males, 3 females, X.1956; 2 females, I.1978; 1 female, I.1979, Fritz Plaumann leg. (DZUP); 1 male, 6.XII.1939 (MNRJ); Rio Vermelho, 1 male, I.1969, A. Maller leg. (DZUP); Rio Grande do Sul: Marcelino Ramos, 1 male, 15.X.1939 (MZSP); Santo Augusto, 1 male, XI.1968, O. Roppa leg. (MNRJ). BOLIVIA, La Paz: Guanay, 1 male, XI.1998 (MZSP). PARAGUAY, Alto Paraná: Presidente Franco, 1 female, 15.III.1965, C.S. Carbonell, A. Mesa & M. A. Monné leg. (MNRJ); Puerto Bertoni, 1 male (MZSP). ARGENTINA, Salta: El Alisal (45 Km W Salta 1950 m), 1 female, 1–29.XII.1987, moist ravine thicket, malaise-FIT, S & J Peck leg. (MZSP); Tucumán: San P. Colalao, 1 female (MNRJ); 1 male, II.1947, Arnau leg. (MNRJ); Misiones: 1 female, X.1951 (MNRJ); Dos de Mayo, 1 male, XI.1967, J. Foerster leg. (MNRJ).

Figures

FIGURE 129. Distribution map for Ateralphus subsellatus (White, 1855), Ateralphus auritarsus new species and Ateralphus javariensis (Lane, 1965).

FIGURES 2 – 7. Ateralphus lacteus Galileo & Martins, 2006. Male: 2 – 3, median lobe, dorsal and lateral view; 4, tegmen. Female: 5, sternite VIII; 6, female terminalia; 7, coxites. Scales = 1 mm. Figures 2 – 4, 5 – 6, respectively, same scale.

FIGURES 35 – 47. Ateralphus subsellatus (White, 1855): 35 – 38, male, head, dorsal, ventral, frontal and lateral view; 39 – 41, male, mandible, dorsal, ventral and inner lateral view; 42 – 44, female, mandible, dorsal, ventral and inner lateral view; 45, male, labrum, dorsal view; 46, male, labium, dorsal view; 47, male, maxilla, ventral view. Scales = 1 mm. Figures 35 – 38, 39 – 44, respectively, same scale.

FIGURES 48 – 53. Ateralphus subsellatus (White, 1855): 48 – 51, male, prothorax, dorsal, lateral, ventral and posterior view; 52, male, antenna, dorsal view; 53, female, antenna, dorsal view. Scales = 1 mm. Figures 48 – 51, 52 – 53, respectively, same scale. pro = proendostenite.

FIGURE 1. A, Ateralphus subsellatus (White, 1855) and B, Ateralphus javariensis (Lane, 1965). bc = basal-crests, ep = elevation posterolateral to median tubercle, le = longitudinal elevation, lt = lateral tubercle, mt = median tubercles, tl = transverse elevation, pt = median tubercles posterior.

FIGURES 87 – 94. Ateralphus subsellatus (White, 1855): 87 – 88, mesosternal process, ventral and lateral view; 89, abdomen, ventral view; 90 – 93, variation of color pattern on the elytra; 94, protibia. Figures 87 – 88, respectively, same scale.

FIGURES 54 – 60. Ateralphus subsellatus (White, 1855), male: 54 – 55, mesosternum and metasternum, lateral and ventral view; 56, mesendosternite; 57 – 58, elytra, lateral and dorsal view; 59, metendostenite, ventral view; 60, mesoscutum and scutellum, dorsal view. Figures 54 – 55, 57 – 58, 59 – 60, respectively, same scale. ar = arm, la = lamina, ms = mesendosternite, sp = stridulatory plate.

FIGURES 74 – 81. Ateralphus subsellatus (White, 1855), male: 74, abdomen, ventral view; 75, tergite VII; 76, tergite VIII; 77, ventral arc; 78, sternite VIII; 79 – 80, median lobe, dorsal and lateral view; 81, tegmen. Figures 79 – 80, respectively, same scale. ap = apophysis, ba = basal apophysis, pa = parameres, rp = ring piece.

FIGURES 82 – 86. Ateralphus subsellatus (White, 1855), female: 82, abdomen, ventral view; 83, tergite VII; 84, sternite VIII; 85, terminalia; 86, coxites. Scales = 1 mm. Figures 84 – 85, respectively, same scale. bc = bursa copulatrix, co = common oviduct, lo = lateral oviduct, sa = sternal apodeme, sd = spermathecal duct, se = patch of setae, sg = spermathecal gland, sg IX = segment IX, sp = spermatheca, st = stylus, ta = tergal apodeme, vp = vaginal plates.