Tetralicia eriogonum (Carapia-Ruiz, 2020)

Ellenrieder, Natalia Von & Gill, Raymond J., 2024, The genus Tetralicia Harrison (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aleyrodidae) in California, U. S. A., with the description of five new species and a redescription of Tetralicia granulata Sampson & Drews, 1941, Zootaxa 5527 (1), pp. 1-129 : 24-25

Tetralicia eriogonum (Carapia-Ruiz, 2020)

Figs 8 , 82–88

Aleuropleurocelus eriogonum Carapia-Ruiz, 2020a: 270 .

Tetralicia eriogonum : Valencia & Evans 2024: 217 .

Material examined. 53 puparia: U.S.A., California; 50 slide mounted: San Diego County: 2, Tecate, on wild buckwheat, 20.iii.1961, Klopfer coll. [ USNM]; 3, Jamul, on Eriogonum sp. , 1.iv.1958, Klopfer & Close coll. [ USNM]; Riverside County: 2, Murrieta, on Eriogonum fasciculatum , 5.iii.1971, Paddock coll. [ USNM]; 2, Corona, on Eriogonum , 26.viii.1971, J.L. & E.R. Miller coll. [ USNM]; San Bernardino County: 3, E Highland, on inner end of leaf and twig of Eriogonum sp. , 11.xii.1957, Laird coll. [ USNM]; 13, Highway 91 to Las Vegas, 17.7 mi E of Baker, desert mesa, on Eriogonum fasciculatum ssp. polifolium , 8.v.1962, T.C. Fuller coll., CDA Herbarium 0022596 [ CSCA]; 2, 0.1 mi E of Highway 66, 5 mi NW of San Bernardino, on Eriogonum fasciculatum ssp. polifolium , 6.vi.1962, T.C. Fuller coll., CDA Herbarium 0022593 [ CSCA]; Los Angeles County: 7, 3 mi S of Gorman, Highway 99, on Eriogonum fasciculatum , 3.vii.1953, A.C. Browne coll., CDA Herbarium 0022588 [ CSCA]; 7, Monrovia, 152 m, on Eriogonum fasciculatum , 20.viii.1915, Phillipson coll., CDA Herbarium 0022584 [ CSCA]; 1, chaparral near summit of Mount Wilson, 34°13' N, 118°05' W, 1500 m, on Eriogonum fasciculatum ssp. polifolium , 28.xii.1989, A. Overturf coll., CDA Herbarium 0022596 [ CSCA]; San Joaquin County: 3, 7 mi SW of Tracy, on Eriogonum sp. , 25.i.1968, T.R. Haig coll. [ CSCA]; 5, Tracy, 25.i.1968, on Eriogonum, T.R. Haig coll. [ USNM]; 3 dry mounted: San Joaquin County, 7 mi SW of Tracy, on Eriogonum sp. , 25.i.1968, T.R. Haig coll. [ CSCA].

Hosts. Polygonaceae : California buckwheat ( Eriogonum fasciculatum , Eriogonum sp. ).

Characterization.

Field characteristics. Puparium oval-rounded, black, elevated, in older pupae with one longitudinal band of dorsal wax on each side and with amorphous lateral wax on true margin directed dorsally covering deflexed portion of submargin laterally ( Fig. 8 ); submargin arched dorsally, with right and left sides of apparent margin sometimes almost touching each other over dorsal disc.

Slide-mounted characters. TMS ending at apparent margin, not lined with tubercles ( Figs 82 , 83 ); longitudinal molting suture lined with tubercles from TMS to level of mouthparts ( Figs 82 , 83 ); eyespots absent; Ce setae absent; T2 and T3 setae present, T3 setae arising well behind anterior margin of metanotum ( Figs 82 , 83 ); medial area lacking tubercles, with short longitudinal striations on abdomen ( Fig. 86 ); anterolateral depressions indistinct ( Figs 86, 87 ); with pores on each side of submedial area of head (2–4), T2 (2), T3 (2), A1 (1–2), A2 (0), A3 (2), A4 (0–2), A5 (0–2), A6 (0–2), A7 (2), and A8 (2); dorsal disc with rounded tubercles along lateral margins ( Fig. 82 ); with pairs of pores along sides of dorsal disc; dorsal submargin with transverse bands of paired rounded tubercles turning into crescent imbrications towards apparent margin ( Figs 82 , 83, 87 ); deflexed submargin smooth, lacking granulations, with pores ( Fig. 85 ); marginal glandular teeth subquadrangular, with tips smoothly rounded ( Figs 84, 85 ); VO subcordate, inset from posterior margin by about its own length to slightly more ( Figs 82 , 87, 88 ); operculum cordate, its dorsal surface with longitudinal and transverse ridges and wavy striations in between, with microspinulae across distal third to fourth; lingula concealed by operculum; VO ring subcordate to subcircular and wide ( Figs 82 , 87, 88 ), with dorsal setae of A8 arising from anterolateral corners, anterior to level of anterior margin of operculum ( Figs 87, 88 ); bases of caudal setae close together, within level of operculum lateral margins; with four membranous ventral sacs medially to bases of mesothoracic and metathoracic legs ( Fig. 84 ); tegument of venter smooth, lacking spinulae medial to bases of legs ( Fig. 84 ).

Measurements. Puparium length: 686 ± 64; maximum width (between level of T2/T3 suture and A1): 446 ± 45; length/maximum width: 1.6 ± 0.1; width at level of anterior margin of operculum: 261 ± 37; maximum width/width at anterior margin of operculum: 1.7 ± 0.1; deflexed submargin/body radius: 0.8 ± 0.1; Ce setae: absent; T2 setae: missing; T3 setae: 10; dorsal A8 setae: 10; caudal setae 55 ± 26; anterior marginal setae: 23 ± 15; posterior marginal setae: 19; ventral A8 setae: 34; VO ring length: 47 ± 4; VO ring width: 50 ± 6; VO ring length/width: 1 ± 0.1; caudal seta/VO ring length: 0.8; caudal seta/operculum length: 1.4; VO length: 33 ± 2; VO width: 33 ± 5; VO length/width: 1 ± 0.1; operculum length: 30 ± 3; operculum/VO length: 0.9 ± 0.05 (see Table 1 for ranges).

Similar species. Puparia that do not display dorsal wax are superficially similar to other species with rounded-oval shape in California, such as T. abnormis and T. agrifoliae , and puparia with dorsal wax ( Fig. 8 ) resemble T. ornata and T. salsolae ( Figs 25–28 ).

Diagnosis. Wax pattern of mature pupae with amorphous lateral wax directed upwards from true margin covering deflexed portion of submargin laterally is unique among California species ( Fig. 8 ); microscopically, T. eriogonum can be distinguished from other California species with TMS reaching apparent lateral margin and longitudinal suture lined with tubercles ( T. ceanothi , T. coachellensis , T. laingi , T. lantanae , T. oblanceolata , T. ornata ) by its distinctly more elevated puparium, with deflexed submargin as wide as 0.7–1.0 of body radius, cephalothorax longer than abdomen (1.1–1.3), medial area of A1–A7 with short longitudinal striations ( Fig. 86 ), and absence of spinulae or spines medially to leg bases ( Fig. 84 ) [versus deflexed submargin as wide as 0.4–0.7 of body radius; cephalothorax shorter than to almost as long as abdomen (0.7–1.0), medial area of A1–A7 lacking longitudinal striations ( Figs 56–58 , 75–77 , 132 , 137 , 169 , 182 , 205 ), and presence of spinulae or spines medially to leg bases, Figs 62 , 73 , 130 , 138 , 171, 180, 204].

Remarks. The original description of this species was based on specimens devoid of dorsal wax, displaying only a narrow ring of lateral wax around true margin ( Carapia-Ruiz 2020a). However, we examined specimens with and without dorsal wax occurring on the same host in herbarium samples, all matching the diagnostic microscopic characters of this species when slide mounted. We believe that the dorsal wax will be absent in young pupae which have not yet secreted it and could be lost in old puparia exposed to the environment for a long time.

Distribution. Described from Baja California in Mexico; in California found in Los Angeles, Riverside, San Diego, San Joaquin, and San Bernardino Counties.

Figures

FIGURE 82. Tetralicia eriogonum, San Joaquin Co., 7 mi SW of Tracy, on Eriogonum: Habitus. Note that puparium (also depicted in Fig. 83) is distorted on slide, with deflexed margin folded outwardly so that apparent margin is not marginal and folded ventrally upon itself with teeth on true margin directed outwardly rather than medially.

FIGURE 169. Tetralicia oblanceolata, Orange Co., Silverado Canyon, on Rhamnus ilicifolia: Habitus.

FIGURES 5–8. Puparia of Tetralicia in situ: 5: T. ceanothi, San Bernardino Co., Mountain Home Village, Mill Creek. 6: T. ceanothi, San Joaquin Co., Lake Camanche, on Arctostaphylos; 7: T. coachellensis, Riverside Co., Coachella, on arrowwood; 8: T. eriogonum, San Joaquin Co., 7 mi SW of Tracy, on Eriogonum; Figs 5, 6, 8 by R.J. Gill, 7 by N. von Ellenrieder & R.W. Garrison.

FIGURES 83–88. Tetralicia eriogonum: 83: San Joaquin Co., 7 mi SW of Tracy, on Eriogonum; 84, 85: Los Angeles Co., Monrovia, on E. fasciculatum; 86, 87: Los Angeles Co., 3 mi S of Gorman, on E. fasciculatum; 88: San Bernardino Co., Highway 91 to Las Vegas, on E. fasciculatum ssp. polifolium. 83: Dorsal submargin and disc of thorax; 84: Venter of thorax; 85: Detail ventral submargin; 86: Medial area of A1–A5; 87: Dorsal submargin and disc of abdomen; 88: Detail caudal end.

FIGURES 25–28. Puparia of Tetralicia in situ: 25, 26: T. ornata, San Bernardino Co., Mentone, on Eriodictyon californicum, 25: dorsal view, 26: dorsolateral view; 27, 28: T. salsolae sp. nov., Imperial Co., Ocotillo, on Ambrosia salsola, 27: dorsal view, 28: dorsolateral view. Figs 25, 26 by N. von Ellenrieder & R.W. Garrison, 28 by R.J. Gill.

FIGURES 53–58. Tetralicia ceanothi: 53, 56: Paratype?; 54: Los Angeles Co., Arcadia, on Ceanothus cyaneus; 55: Amador Co., W of Drytown on Highway 16, on Ceanothus; 57: Orange Co., Rancho Capistrano, on manzanita; 58: San Diego Co., San Diego, on Eriogonum. 53: Dorsal disc of thorax; 54, 55: Detail dorsum of T2 and T3; 56–58: Dorsal submargin and dorsal disc of A1–A5.

FIGURES 70–75. Tetralicia coachellensis: 70, 71, 73–75: Neotype; 72: Imperial Co., Winterhaven, on Stephanomeria. 70: Detail dorsum of T2 and T3; 71: Detail dorsal submargin; 72: Dorsal submargin and disc of T2 and T3; 73: Detail deflexed submargin; 74: Dorsal submargin and disc of A1–A6; 75: Detail of A1–A3 dorsum.

FIGURES 76–81. Tetralicia coachellensis: 76, 80: San Diego Co., Jacuma, on desert shrub; 77, 78, 81: Imperial Co., Winterhaven, on Stephanomeria; 79: same data as Neotype; 80: Neotype; 76, 77: Dorsal submargin and disc of A1–A6; 78: Detail marginal teeth; 79–81: Detail caudal end.

FIGURES 128–133. Tetralicia laingi: 128, 129, 132, 133: Neotype; 130, 131: San Diego Co., highway 76 at E boundary of La Jolla Indian Reservation, on Salvia apiana. 128: Dorsal disc and submargin of thorax; 129: Deflexed submargin; 130: Detail venter of T2 and T3; 131: Detail vasiform orifice; 132: Dorsal disc and submargin of abdomen; 133: Caudal end of abdomen, ventral view.

FIGURES 136–141. Tetralicia lantanae sp. nov.: 136–139: Holotype; 140: Paratype, San Diego Co., San Diego, on Lantana; 141: Paratype, Orange Co., Anaheim, on Lantana. 136: Dorsal disc of thorax; 137: Dorsal disc and submargin of A1–A6; 138: Venter of T2 and T3; 139: Caudal end of abdomen, dorsal view; 140: Detail VO; 141: Caudal end of abdomen, dorsolateral view.

FIGURES 177–182. Tetralicia ornata: 177: San Bernardino Co., Highland, on yerba santa; 178, 182: Neotype; 179–181: San Bernardino Co., 4 mi E of Mentone. 177: Cephalothorax, dorsal disc; 178: Detail of dorsal submargin; 179: Detail of deflexed submargin; 180: Venter T2 and T3; 181: Detail of A1–A3 dorsal disc and submargin; 182: Detail of A3–A7 dorsal disc.

FIGURES 203–209. Tetralicia sierrae: 203, 205, 207, 208: Paratypes?; 204, 206, 209: Mariposa Co., between Crow and Signal Peaks, on Ceanothus parvifolius. 203: Cephalothoracic dorsal disc and submargin; 204: Venter T2 and T3; 205: Dorsal disc and submargin of abdomen; 206: Detail of deflexed submargin; 207, 208: Caudal end of abdomen, dorsal view; 209: Caudal end of abdomen, ventral view.

FIGURES 59–64. Tetralicia ceanothi: 59, 61, 62: Paratype?; 60: San Diego Co., San Felipe, Junction of Highways 52 & 522, on manzanita; 63: Orange Co., Rancho Capistrano, on manzanita; 64: Los Angeles Co., Arcadia, on Ceanothus cyaneus. 59, 60: Detail dorsal submargin; 61: Detail deflexed submargin; 62: Detail venter of thorax; 63, 64: Caudal end, ventral view.