Tetralicia laingi ( Drews & Sampson, 1956 )

Ellenrieder, Natalia Von & Gill, Raymond J., 2024, The genus Tetralicia Harrison (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aleyrodidae) in California, U. S. A., with the description of five new species and a redescription of Tetralicia granulata Sampson & Drews, 1941, Zootaxa 5527 (1), pp. 1-129 : 37-38

Tetralicia laingi ( Drews & Sampson, 1956)

Figs 16 , 17 , 127–133

Aleuropleurocelus laingi Drews & Sampson, 1956: 282 ; Mound & Halsey 1978: 59; Evans 2007: 170; Carapia-Ruiz 2020a: 273.

Tetralicia laingi : Valencia & Evans 2024: 218 .

Material examined. 130 puparia: U.S.A., California; 125 slide-mounted: no locality: 2, on Salvia apiana , 27.ii.1919 [ USNM]; 3 [ USNM]; Imperial County: 7, Ocotillo, on Salvia apiana , 27.iv.1972, Flock et al. coll. [ CSCA]; San Diego County: Neotype (here designated; circled with red on slide), Lake Sutherland, on Salvia apiana , 18.iii. 1986, R.J. Gill coll. [ CSCA]; 4, same data as neotype [ CSCA]; 2, same data but on manzanita, 5.iii.1983 [ CSCA]; 7, highway 76 at E boundary of La Jolla Indian Reservation, on Salvia apiana , 15.iii.1986, R.J. Gill coll. [ CSCA]; 8, same data but 18.iii. 1986 [ CSCA]; 1, Jacumba, on Galium , 8.i.1958, Hill coll. [ USNM]; Orange County: 18, Trabuco, on Salvia [ex W.W. Sampson coll., CSCA]; 22, Silverado Canyon, broad leaf Salvia [ex W.W. Sampson coll., CSCA]; 18, same data but narrow leaf Salvia [ex W.W. Sampson coll., CSCA]; San Bernardino County: 19, Cucamonga, on white sage, 23.ii.1931 [ CSCA]; 3, Victorville, on shrubby composite, 4.iv.1918, Bethel coll. [ USNM]; 3, E Highland, on Encelia farinosa , 11.xii.1957, Laird coll. [ USNM]; Los Angeles County: 2, Santa Ana Botanic Garden, Claremont, on Encelia farinosa , 11.xii.1957, Johnson coll. [ USNM]; Modoc County: 2, Lava caves, on Salvia ‘ carnosa ’ [?], 19.v.1947, J. Schuh coll. [ USNM]. Intercepted from Texas: 1, Presidio, on greasewood, 23.vii.1943, J.H. Russell coll. [ USNM]. Intercepted from Mexico: 2, Sonora, on creosote leaves, 24.iv.1950 [ USNM]. 5 dry mounted: 2, San Diego County: highway 76 at E boundary of La Jolla Indian Reservation, on Salvia apiana , 15.iii.1986, R.J. Gill coll. [ CSCA]; 3, Orange County, Trabuco, on Salvia [ex W.W. Sampson coll., CSCA].

Hosts. Its preferred host is apparently sage ( Lamiaceae : Salvia apiana ); also recorded from Ericaceae : manzanita ( Arctostaphylos ), and here from Asteraceae : brittlebush ( Encelia farinosa ), Rubiaceae : bedstraw ( Galium ), and Zygophyllaceae : creosote ( Larrea tridentata ).

Characterization.

Field Characteristics. Pupal case broadly oval, jet black, with a wide marginal fringe of striated shiny wax having the appearance of very closely united wax rods extending out beyond the apparent margin a distance about equal to the width of the visible marginal band ( Figs 16 , 17 ).

Slide-mounted characters. TMS ending at apparent margin, lined with tubercles medially ( Figs 127 , 128 ); longitudinal molting suture lined with tubercles from TMS to level of mouthparts or submargin ( Fig. 128 ); eyespots absent; Ce setae absent; T2 and T3 setae present, T3 setae arising well behind anterior margin of metanotum ( Fig. 128 ); medial area with anterolateral depressions on abdomen moderately developed ( Figs 127 , 132 ), with a row of large tubercles along margins of T2/T3 suture, sometimes also across anteromedial margin of each A1–A6 or these replaced by a sclerotized margin without distinguishable individual teeth; with pairs of microsetae and/or pores on each side of submedial area of head (2–3), T2 (1–2), T3 (1), A1 (1), A2 (0), A3 (1), A4 (0–1), A5 (0–1), A6 (0–1), A7 (1), and A8 (1); lateral areas of dorsal disc smooth, lacking tubercles ( Figs 127 , 132 ); dorsal submargin with transverse furrows, lacking imbrications or tubercles, with paired pores adjacent to sides of dorsal disc ( Fig. 127 , 128, 132 ); deflexed submargin with rows of microsetae and pores, and with a few small sparce granulations ( Figs 129, 133 ) adjacent to marginal teeth, sometimes extending halfway across deflexed submargin; marginal glandular teeth subquadragular with tips smoothly rounded, toothed or serrate; VO oval, inset from posterior margin by about its own length or less ( Figs 127 , 132 ); operculum cordate, its dorsal surface with longitudinal and transverse ridges and wavy striations in between, with microspinulae across distal third to fourth; lingula concealed by operculum; VO ring oval and wide ( Fig. 131, 132 ), with dorsal setae of A8 arising anterior to level of anterior margin of operculum ( Figs 131, 132 ); with four membranous ventral sacs medially to bases of mesothoracic and metathoracic legs ( Fig. 131 ); bases of caudal setae close together, within level of operculum lateral margins ( Fig. 133 ); venter smooth except for groups of spinulae medially to leg bases ( Fig. 130 ).

Measurements (values of neotype in square brackets). Puparium length: 792 ± 49 [786]; maximum width (at level of A1): 540 ± 47 [563]; length/maximum width: 1.5 ± 0.1 [1.4]; width at level of anterior margin of operculum: 305 ± 44 [301]; maximum width/width at anterior margin of operculum: 1.8 ± 0.2 [1.9]; deflexed submargin/body radius: 0.5 ± 0.1 [0.6]; Ce setae: absent [absent]; T2 setae: 11 [missing]; T3 setae [missing]: 13; dorsal A8 setae: 11 ± 2 [missing]; caudal setae: 49 ± 10 [40]; anterior marginal setae: 12 [not visible]; posterior marginal setae: 19 ± 4 [not visible]; ventral A8 setae: 16 ± 8 [not visible]; VO ring length: 66 ± 5 [63]; VO ring width: 64 ± 6 [67]; VO ring length/width: 1 ± 0.1 [0.9]; caudal seta/VO ring length: 0.7 ± 0.1 [0.6]; caudal seta/operculum length: 1.2 ± 0.1 [1.1]; VO length: 44 ± 6 [41]; VO width: 38 ± 3 [38]; VO length/width: 1.1 ± 0.1 [1.1]; operculum length: 38 ± 3 [38]; operculum/VO length: 0.9 ± 0.05 [0.9] (see Table 1 for ranges).

Similar species. It resembles T. coachellensis based on the absence of tubercles or crenulations on dorsal submargin and it is also similar to T. ceanothi , T. ornata , and T. sierrae .

Diagnosis. Recognition from T. coachellensis is given under that species. Besides the absence of crenulations or tubercles on dorsal submargin (127, 128), it differs from T. ceanothi , T. ornata , and T. sierrae by the wide lateral fringe of striated shiny wax in mature puparia ( Figs 16 , 17 ), and by the absence of tubercles along sides of dorsal disc ( Figs 127 , 128, 132 ). In the latter three species, lateral fringe of wax in mature puparia is matted ( Figs 5, 6 ), or narrow ( Figs 25, 26 ), and there are tubercles along sides of dorsal disc ( Figs 51 , 52 , 57–60 , 178 , 201–203, 205 ). For further diagnostic differences see under T. ceanothi .

Remarks. The holotype and most paratypes of this species were said to be deposited “in the author's collections” in its original description ( Drews & Sampson 1956). E.A. Drews collection was not located, and it is presumed to be lost. We were able to locate part of W.W. Sampson's collection which was subsequently donated to CSCA. All the slides from Sampson's collection were incompletely labeled and none was marked as type material, thus we are uncertain if they represent types or not. Since T. laingi is very similar to T. ceanothi , with which it can co-occur on manzanita, and it is unknown if its type series was perhaps mixed, we deem it necessary to designate a neotype to ensure the nomenclatorial stability of the name. The specimens in Sampson's collection are not well preserved, with no single specimen displaying all diagnostic characters. Therefore, we selected a neotype that otherwise matches Sampson's specimens and the species description among more recent and well-preserved samples, with the following data: San Diego County, Lake Sutherland, on Salvia apiana , 18.iii. 1986, R.J. Gill coll. [CSCA], and we provide here its illustrations ( Figs 127–129, 132, 133 ) and measurements (see under Measurements).

Distribution. Found thorough Southern California (Imperial, Los Angeles, Orange, San Bernardino, and San Diego Counties), with one record from Northern California (Modoc County), interceptions from Texas and Sonora in Mexico (this paper), and recently reported from Baja California in Mexico ( Carapia-Ruiz 2020a).

Figures

FIGURE 51. Tetralicia ceanothi, Orange Co., Rancho Capistrano, on manzanita: Habitus.

FIGURE 52. Tetralicia ceanothi, Amador Co., W of Drytown on Highway 16, on Ceanothus: Habitus. Note that puparium is distorted on slide, with deflexed margin folded outwardly so that apparent margin is not marginal.

FIGURE 127. Tetralicia laingi, Neotype: Habitus.

FIGURE 201. Tetralicia sierrae, Paratype?: Habitus.

FIGURE 202. Tetralicia sierrae, Paratype?: Habitus.

FIGURES 203–209. Tetralicia sierrae: 203, 205, 207, 208: Paratypes?; 204, 206, 209: Mariposa Co., between Crow and Signal Peaks, on Ceanothus parvifolius. 203: Cephalothoracic dorsal disc and submargin; 204: Venter T2 and T3; 205: Dorsal disc and submargin of abdomen; 206: Detail of deflexed submargin; 207, 208: Caudal end of abdomen, dorsal view; 209: Caudal end of abdomen, ventral view.

FIGURES 13–16. Puparia of Tetralicia in situ: 13, 14: T. hoelmeri, Riverside Co.,Agua Caliente Indian Reservation, Palm Springs, on native shrub, 13: dorsal view, 14: posterior view; 15: T. hyptisemoryi, Imperial Co., Shell Canyon, on desert lavender, dorsolateral view; 16: T. laingi, Orange Co., Trabuco, on Salvia. Figs 13–16 by N. von Ellenrieder & R.W. Garrison.

FIGURES 17–20. Tetralicia in situ: 17–19: puparia; 20: adult. 17: T. laingi, San Diego Co., highway 76 at E boundary of La Jolla Indian Reservation, on Salvia apiana; 18, 19: T. lantanae sp. nov., Riverside Co., University of California Riverside, on Lantana, 18: dorsal view, 19: dorsolateral view; 20: T. lantanae sp. nov., San Diego Co., Chula Vista, on Lantana, 22.viii.1992, J. Kenyon coll. [no voucher available]. Figs 17, 20 by R.J. Gill, 18, 19 by N. von Ellenrieder & R.W. Garrison.

FIGURES 128–133. Tetralicia laingi: 128, 129, 132, 133: Neotype; 130, 131: San Diego Co., highway 76 at E boundary of La Jolla Indian Reservation, on Salvia apiana. 128: Dorsal disc and submargin of thorax; 129: Deflexed submargin; 130: Detail venter of T2 and T3; 131: Detail vasiform orifice; 132: Dorsal disc and submargin of abdomen; 133: Caudal end of abdomen, ventral view.

FIGURES 5–8. Puparia of Tetralicia in situ: 5: T. ceanothi, San Bernardino Co., Mountain Home Village, Mill Creek. 6: T. ceanothi, San Joaquin Co., Lake Camanche, on Arctostaphylos; 7: T. coachellensis, Riverside Co., Coachella, on arrowwood; 8: T. eriogonum, San Joaquin Co., 7 mi SW of Tracy, on Eriogonum; Figs 5, 6, 8 by R.J. Gill, 7 by N. von Ellenrieder & R.W. Garrison.

FIGURES 25–28. Puparia of Tetralicia in situ: 25, 26: T. ornata, San Bernardino Co., Mentone, on Eriodictyon californicum, 25: dorsal view, 26: dorsolateral view; 27, 28: T. salsolae sp. nov., Imperial Co., Ocotillo, on Ambrosia salsola, 27: dorsal view, 28: dorsolateral view. Figs 25, 26 by N. von Ellenrieder & R.W. Garrison, 28 by R.J. Gill.

FIGURES 53–58. Tetralicia ceanothi: 53, 56: Paratype?; 54: Los Angeles Co., Arcadia, on Ceanothus cyaneus; 55: Amador Co., W of Drytown on Highway 16, on Ceanothus; 57: Orange Co., Rancho Capistrano, on manzanita; 58: San Diego Co., San Diego, on Eriogonum. 53: Dorsal disc of thorax; 54, 55: Detail dorsum of T2 and T3; 56–58: Dorsal submargin and dorsal disc of A1–A5.

FIGURES 59–64. Tetralicia ceanothi: 59, 61, 62: Paratype?; 60: San Diego Co., San Felipe, Junction of Highways 52 & 522, on manzanita; 63: Orange Co., Rancho Capistrano, on manzanita; 64: Los Angeles Co., Arcadia, on Ceanothus cyaneus. 59, 60: Detail dorsal submargin; 61: Detail deflexed submargin; 62: Detail venter of thorax; 63, 64: Caudal end, ventral view.

FIGURES 177–182. Tetralicia ornata: 177: San Bernardino Co., Highland, on yerba santa; 178, 182: Neotype; 179–181: San Bernardino Co., 4 mi E of Mentone. 177: Cephalothorax, dorsal disc; 178: Detail of dorsal submargin; 179: Detail of deflexed submargin; 180: Venter T2 and T3; 181: Detail of A1–A3 dorsal disc and submargin; 182: Detail of A3–A7 dorsal disc.