Tetralicia lantanae von Ellenrieder & Gill, 2024
publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.5527.1.1 |
publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:771D2E7B-4025-45BF-B328-6EC8A8851ECD |
DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14047091 |
persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039787AA-FF9A-FFF4-FF45-024FFAAAB2C5 |
treatment provided by |
Plazi |
scientific name |
Tetralicia lantanae von Ellenrieder & Gill |
status |
sp. nov. |
Tetralicia lantanae von Ellenrieder & Gill , sp. nov.
Figs 18–20 View FIGURES 17–20 , 135–141, 243–254, 258–260
Aleuropleurocelus granulata View in CoL : Evans 2007: 170; Stocks 2016: 7; Sanchez-Flores et al. 2020: 278–280 (misidentification in part: records of specimens on Lantana View in CoL from U.S.A. and Mexico).
Tetralicia granulata View in CoL : Valencia & Evans 2024: 217 View Cited Treatment (misidentification in part: characterization, key, fig. 5L from Sanchez-Flores et al. 2020).
Etymology. This species is named after the generic epithet of its preferred host, Lantana .
Type material. 189 slide mounted puparia: U.S.A., California, Riverside County: Holotype (circled with red on slide), Riverside , on Lantana , 17.xii.1991, T. Viztnum coll., CDFA PDR 976224 [ CSCA]; 34 paratypes, same data as holotype [ CSCA]; 18 paratypes, University of California Riverside , on Lantana , 30.i.1992, E. Reeves coll. [ CSCA]; 5 paratypes, same data [ FSCA]; San Diego County: 22 paratypes, San Diego, on Lantana , 22.x.1992, D. Kellum coll., CDFA PDR 1015430 [ CSCA]; Orange County: 11 paratypes, Mission Viejo, on Lantana , 28.vii.1988, V. Oppenheimer coll., CDFA PDR 861275 [ CSCA]; 32 paratypes, Anaheim, on Lantana , 4.xii.1990, M. Beach coll., CDFA PDR 929986 [ CSCA]; San Bernardino County: 1 paratype (specimen circled with red on slide), [ CSCA]; Santa Barbara County: 6 paratypes, Santa Barbara, on Hibiscus , 19.iii.1993, J. Davidson coll., CDFA PDR 965797 [ CSCA]. Arizona, Maricopa County: 7 paratypes, Mesa, on Morus , ix.1995, C. Pickett coll. [ CSCA]; Pima County: 25 paratypes, Tucson, on Lantana , viii.1991, D. Cross coll. [ CSCA]; 4 paratypes, interception from Arizona at Blythe, on house plants, 18.ix.1988, D.A. El Nawasrah coll. [ CSCA]. Texas, Hidalgo County: 2 paratypes, Weslaco, on Lantana camara , 23.iii.1992, C. Mooman coll. [ FSCA]; 3 paratypes, Weslaco, on Lantana horrida , 26.ix.1992, W.A. Jones coll. [ CSCA]; 10 paratypes, same data but on Eupatorium coelestinum [ CSCA]; Florida, Lake County: 4 paratypes, on Lantana , 26.xi.1979, L.J. Chambliss [ FSCA]; 1 paratype, same data [ CSCA]; Pinellas County: 1 paratype, Pinellas Park , 7651 US 19 N, on Lantana camara , 2.iii.2016, M. Spearman coll., E-2016-711-1 [ FSCA]; Martin County: 2 paratypes, Hobe Sound , on Lantana sp. , 6.iii.1979, E.W. Campbell coll. [ FSCA] .
57 slide mounted paratype adults: 10 males, 14 females, San Diego County, San Diego , on Lantana , 22.x.1992, D. Kellum coll. [ CSCA]; 9 males, 24 females, Anaheim, on Lantana , 4.xii.1990, M. Beach coll. [CSCA] .
11 slide mounted paratype nymphal instars 1–3: 3 first instar, 3 second instar, 6 third instar: University of California Riverside , on Lantana , 30.i.1992, E. Reeves coll. [ CSCA] .
Additional material examined: 7 slide mounted puparia: U.S.A., Florida, Miami-Dade County: 6, Miami, on Lantana sp. , 27.vi.1979, R. Larkin coll. [ FSCA]; Palm Beach County: 1, Greenacres 5013, Solar Point Drive, on Lantana camara , 26.vi.2008, L. Smith coll., E-2008-4251-1 [ FSCA]. 600 + dry mounted puparia, U.S.A., California: 200 +, Orange County, Mission Viejo, on Lantana , 28.vii.1988, V. Oppenheimer coll., CDFA PDR 861275 [ CSCA]; 400 +, Riverside County, University of California Riverside, on Lantana , 30.i.1992, E. Reeves coll. [ CSCA].
Hosts. Common on Lantana sp. ( Verbenaceae ) and found also on Asteraceae : Eupatorium colestinum , Malvaceae : Hibiscus sp. , and Moraceae : Morus sp.
Description.
Field Characteristics. Puparium markedly oblanceolate, elevated with medial area of dorsum depressed and pronounced caudal protuberance ( Figs 18, 19 View FIGURES 17–20 ), black, with a narrow ring of white wax around true margin ( Fig. 19 View FIGURES 17–20 ). Adults yellow; wings white with faint grey marks on forewings: one rounded spot at base, one rounded spot at midlength, and two rounded spots and a longitudinal stripe at distal third, the latter contiguous ( Fig. 20 View FIGURES 17–20 ) or divided into a basal and a distal spot; nymphal instars 1–3 transparent yellow ( Fig. 19 View FIGURES 17–20 ).
Slide-mounted characters. TMS ending at apparent margin, not lined with tubercles medially; longitudinal molting suture lined with tubercles from TMS to submargin ( Figs 134 View FIGURE 134 , 135 View FIGURE 135 ); eyespots absent; Ce setae absent; T2 and T3 setae present, T3 setae arising well behind anterior margin of metanotum; medial area of head with some tubercles on a posterolateral patch ( Figs 134 View FIGURE 134 , 135 View FIGURE 135 ), medial area of thorax almost entirely covered with large tubercles distributed uniformly ( Fig. 136 View FIGURES 136–141 ), except in a few specimens with a small bare area posterior to setal bases; medial area of abdomen with large tubercles adjacent to anterior and posterior margins of abdominal segments, forming a complete anterior row on each A1–A7, a second anterior row incomplete medially on A2–A5, a complete posterior row on A1–A3 or A1–A4, and a posterior row incomplete medially on A4–A7 or A5–A7 ( Figs 134 View FIGURE 134 , 135 View FIGURE 135 , 137 View FIGURES 136–141 ); anterolateral depressions on abdomen inconspicuous, usually with pores and microsetae on each side of submedial area of head (2), T1 (2), T2 (2), T3 (2), A1 (2), A2 (0), A3 (2), A4 (0), A5 (0–2), A6 (0–2), A7 (2), and A8 (2); lateral areas of dorsal disc with large tubercles except for head ( Figs 134 View FIGURE 134 , 135 View FIGURE 135 ), with pores between dorsal disc and submargin; dorsal submargin with transverse double rows of tubercles turning into crescent-shaped imbrications towards apparent margin, not reaching it ( Figs 134 View FIGURE 134 , 135 View FIGURE 135 , 137, 141 View FIGURES 136–141 ), fewer and much smaller on head ( Figs 134 View FIGURE 134 , 135 View FIGURE 135 ); deflexed submargin lacking microsetae and pores, covered with large granulations distributed uniformly in wide transverse bands ( Fig. 138 View FIGURES 136–141 ); marginal glandular teeth subquadragular with tips serrate ( Fig. 138 View FIGURES 136–141 ); VO subcordate, inset from posterior margin by more than its own length; operculum ornamented with longitudinal ridges and with a patch of distal microspinulae; VO ring subquadrate, wide anteriorly and narrow posteriorly ( Figs 139, 140 View FIGURES 136–141 ), forming an elevated promontory ( Fig. 141 View FIGURES 136–141 ), with rugose surface ( Figs 140, 141 View FIGURES 136–141 ); dorsal A8 setae not detected; with two membranous ventral sacs medially to bases of mesothoracic legs ( Fig. 138 View FIGURES 136–141 ); bases of caudal setae close together, within level of operculum lateral margins ( Figs 134 View FIGURE 134 , 135 View FIGURE 135 , 139, 140 View FIGURES 136–141 ); venter smooth except for groups of spinulae medially to leg bases ( Fig. 138 View FIGURES 136–141 ).
Adults. Female ( Fig. 243 View FIGURES 243, 244 ) with 2 pairs and male ( Fig. 245 View FIGURES 245, 246 ) with 4 pairs of wax plates on abdomen. In both sexes upper and lower compound eyes joined by two or three ommatidia ( Figs 247, 248 View FIGURES 247–254 ) and antennae 7 segmented ( Figs 247, 248 View FIGURES 247–254 ), with an elongate third segment with two primary round sensoria near the apex, fifth and seventh segments each with 1 round primary sensorium located at apex on fifth and at about two thirds of its length on seventh, and third, sixth, and seventh segments with an elongated rod-like sensorium each. Hind tibiae ( Figs 249, 252 View FIGURES 247–254 ) with a tibial comb of 15–17 setae in male, 15–16 setae in female; metatibial brush with 2 or 3 setae in male, 2 setae in female. Mesotibial brushes with 2 and/or 3 setae in male and female. Female cement gland tube-like and capitate ( Fig. 244 View FIGURES 243, 244 ). Male parameres ending on a single tooth along distal ninth and bearing three short subapical teeth ( Fig. 246 View FIGURES 245, 246 ).
Nymphal instars 1–3. All with a central longitudinal rachis along abdomen ( Figs 258–260 View FIGURES 255–260 ). First instar ( Fig. 258 View FIGURES 255–260 ): 6 pairs of submarginal setae on cephalothorax and 1 on posterior abdomen (mostly broken off in available specimens). VO oval, wider than long, with anterior margin straight; operculum oval occupying most of VO; lingula head bulbous and covered with microsetae; other characters not discernible. Second and third instars ( Figs 259, 260 View FIGURES 255–260 ): same as first except for VO located on a promontory and operculum subcordate; venter of tracheal and caudal openings with granulations in third instar ( Fig. 260 View FIGURES 255–260 ).
Measurements. Puparium length: 594 ± 41 [652]; maximum width (at level of T2/T3 suture): 343 ± 25 [373]; length/maximum width: 1.7 ± 0.1 [1.7]; width at level of anterior margin of operculum: 99 ± 9 [97]; maximum width/width at anterior margin of operculum: 3.5 ± 0.5 [3.9]; deflexed submargin/body radius: 0.6 ± 0.05 [0.6]; Ce setae: absent [absent]; T2 setae: 16 ± 2 [missing]; T3 setae: 18 ± 3 [missing]; dorsal A8 setae: none visible; caudal setae:129 ± 18 [139]; anterior marginal setae: 14 ± 5 [none visible]; posterior marginal setae 16 ± 4 [19]; ventral A8 setae: 25 ± 2 [29]; VO ring length: 43 ± 2 [41]; VO ring width: 37 ± 3 [36]; VO ring length/width: 1.2 ± 0.1 [1.1]; caudal seta/VO ring length: 3 ± 0.5 [3.4]; caudal seta/operculum length: 6 ± 1 [6.3]; VO length: 25 ± 2 [25]; VO width: 24 ± 1 [23]; VO length/width: 1.1 ± 0.1 [1.1]; operculum length: 22 ± 1 [22]; operculum/VO length: 0.9 ± 0.1 [0.9] (see Table 1 View TABLE 1 for ranges).
Adults. Male: body length (including parameres): 899 ± 62 [805–980]; rostral length: 214 ± 15 [194–235]; hind tibia length: 283 ± 15 [267–306]; third antennal segment length: 112 ± 4 [107–117]; paramere length: 101 ± 4 [97–107]; aedeagus length: 96 ± 4 [92–102]. Female: body length (including ovipositor): 961 ± 66 [815–1038]; rostral length: 249 ± 16 [218–267]; hind tibia length: 303 ± 13 [281–325]; third antennal segment length: 116 ± 2 [114–119]; ovipositor length: 142 ± 9 [129–155].
Nymphal instars 1–3. First instar: length: 207 ± 10 [197–216]; tibiotarsal length: 24 1 [23–24]; submarginal setae: 19. Second instar: length:258; T2 setae: 45 12 [36–53]; T3 setae: 47 12 [39–56]; caudal setae: 50 ± 2 [49–51]. Third instar: length: 389 ± 24 [355–412]; anterior setae: 10; T2 setae: 40 5 [36–44]; T3 setae: 44; dorsal A8 setae: 17; caudal setae: 100 ± 8 [92–114].
Similar species. Puparium shares an oblanceolate shape and dorsal disc of thorax and abdomen extensively covered with large tubercles with T. oblanceolata in California and with T. granulata Sampson & Drews, 1941 , T. pseudogranulata Carapia-Ruiz & Sánchez-Flores, 2021 , and T. sampsoni Sánchez-Flores et al., 2020 in Mexico.
Diagnosis. Puparium can be recognized from all the species mentioned above except for T. granulata (characters for them in square brackets) by its ornamentation with tubercles usually covering the entire thoracic dorsal disc ( Figs 134–136 View FIGURE 134 View FIGURE 135 View FIGURES 136–141 ) [with bare patches on the medial area of each segment; Figs 151–154 View FIGURE 151 View FIGURE 152 View FIGURES 153–158 ], and further from T. oblanceolata by medial area of A1–A6 with tubercle-shaped ornamentations across both anterior and posterior areas ( Figs 134 View FIGURE 134 , 135 View FIGURE 135 , 137 View FIGURES 136–141 ) [only across anterior area of A1–A6; Figs 168 View FIGURE 168 , 169 View FIGURE 169 ]; from T. pseudogranulata by the rounded dorsal tubercles of abdomen and apparent absence of A8 setae [elongate dorsal tubercles and A8 setae 42 long; Carapia Ruiz et al. 2020]; and from T. sampsoni by the presence of spinulae medially to leg bases ( Fig. 138 View FIGURES 136–141 ) and absence of dorsal wax [lacking spinulae medially to leg bases and with dorsal wax; Sanchez Flores et al. 2020]. It differs from T. granulata by its markedly oblanceolate puparium ( Figs 134 View FIGURE 134 , 135 View FIGURE 135 ) [wider apically; Figs 210 View FIGURE 210 , 211 View FIGURE 211 ], caudal setae very long, as long as 3.5 or more times the length of VO ( Figs 134 View FIGURE 134 , 135 View FIGURE 135 ) [shorter, as long as 1.5 to 2 times the length of VO; Figs 216–218 View FIGURES 212–218 )], venter with spinulae medially to leg bases ( Fig. 138 View FIGURES 136–141 ) [venter smooth medially to leg bases, Fig. 215 View FIGURES 212–218 ], ornamentation of medial area of abdominal dorsum with tubercles on anterior and posterior rows only ( Figs 134 View FIGURE 134 , 135 View FIGURE 135 , 137 View FIGURES 136–141 ) [tubercles covering almost entire length of segments except for small mediolateral patch; Figs 210 View FIGURE 210 , 211 View FIGURE 211 , 216 View FIGURES 212–218 ], dorsal submargin with transverse rows of tubercles separated by bare areas narrower than rows' width, turning into crescent shaped imbrications towards apparent margin ( Figs 134 View FIGURE 134 , 135 View FIGURE 135 , 137 View FIGURES 136–141 ) [rows of tubercles separated by bare areas wider than rows' width, with tubercles decreasing in size towards apparent margin; Fig. 212 View FIGURES 212–218 ], and setal sockets of caudal setae close together, separated by a distance subequal to width of one to two setal sockets, within level of operculum lateral margins ( Figs 134 View FIGURE 134 , 135 View FIGURE 135 , 139, 140 View FIGURES 136–141 ) [setal sockets of caudal setae separated by a distance subequal to the width of three to five setal sockets, located at level of lateral margin of VO ring ( Fig. 218 View FIGURES 212–218 ) to externally to it ( Fig. 217 View FIGURES 212–218 )]. In T. lantanae VO is located on a pronounced promontory ( Fig. 141 View FIGURES 136–141 ) with a rugose surface ( Fig. 140 View FIGURES 136–141 ), apparently obscuring the position of A8 dorsal setae, which were not detected in any of the examined specimens. In T. granulata , the VO is not as elevated, and the setal sockets of A8 dorsal setae are visible on its anterior margin ( Fig. 216 View FIGURES 212–218 ).
Adults and nymphal instars 1–3 are diagnosed under T. guajavae .
Remarks. Examination of the type series of T. granulata ( Figs 210–218 View FIGURE 210 View FIGURE 211 View FIGURES 212–218 ) deposited at BME allowed us to recognize that the specimens of Tetralicia found on Lantana , identified as T. granulata in the past based on Sampson & Drews' (1941) description which lacks sufficient detail to allow for a reliable diagnosis, represent a different, still undescribed, species. All literature records of T. granulata subsequent to its description ( Evans 2007; Stocks 2016; Sanchez-Flores et al. 2020) correspond to T. lantanae . To complement its original description and facilitate its diagnosis we provide a redescription of T. granulata (not known to occur in California; see below the species accounts of Tetralicia species found in California), including characterization, measurements, and illustrations, based on its type series.
In the key in Valencia & Evans (2024: 210, 211) this species (as T. granulata ) is considered to have an operculum 'without many short, spinelike-setae along its posterior margin'. Although they are not always readily visible, there are microspinulae covering the distal third to fourth of the dorsal surface of the operculum in all the specimens of T. lantanae that we examined.
Biology. Found in large numbers in Southern California between 1988 and 1993 probably due to its parasitoids not being originally introduced with it. The scarcity of more recent findings might indicate that it is now under biological control.
Distribution. Known to occur in Southern California (Orange, Riverside, San Bernardino, and San Diego Counties); in the U.S.A. also in Arizona (this paper), Florida and Texas (reported as A. granulata, Evans 2007 ; Stocks 2016; Valencia & Evans 2024), and in Mexico (reported as A. granulata ; Sánchez-Flores et al. 2020).
CSCA |
USA, California, Sacramento, California State Collection of Arthropods |
FSCA |
USA, Florida, Gainesville, Division of Plant Industry, Florida State Collection of Arthropods |
CDFA |
USA, California, Sacramento, California State Collection of Arthropods |
CSCA |
California State Collection of Arthropods |
FSCA |
Florida State Collection of Arthropods, The Museum of Entomology |
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.
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Tetralicia lantanae von Ellenrieder & Gill
Ellenrieder, Natalia Von & Gill, Raymond J. 2024 |