Thraulodes schlingeri Traver & Edmunds 1967

Kluge, Nikita J., 2020, Systematic position of Thraulodes Ulmer 1920 (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae) and descriptions of new and little-known species, Zootaxa 4756 (1), pp. 1-142 : 55-61

6. Thraulodes schlingeri Traver & Edmunds 1967

( Figs 174–207 )

Thraulodes schlingeri Traver & Edmunds 1967: 376 , figs 45, 54 (♂ and ♀ imago, egg); Ferreira & Froehlich 1992; Lopes, Froe- hlich & Domínguez 2003: 198, figs 1–13 (larva); Mariano, Flowers & Froehlich 2011: 387.

Material examined. PERU: Region Huanuco, Aquaytia, Pampa Yurac (9°04’S, 75°57’W), 21–24.II.2006, coll. N. Kluge: 1 S-I(m), 1 S ♀, 19 larvae. Region Loreto, Provincia Ucayali: 17 km NNE Contamana, Aguas Termales (7°12’S, 74°57’W), 27. VII– 1. VIII.2013, coll. N. Kluge & L. Sheyko: 1 L-S/I ♂, 1 L-S ♂, 1 L-S ♀; quebrada Maquia near Contamana (7°20’S, 75°00’W), 6–8. VIII.2013, coll. N. Kluge & L. Sheyko: 1 L-S-I ♂, 1 L-S/I ♂, 27 larvae; Pampa Hermosa (7°13’S, 75°22’W), 9–21. VIII.2013, coll. N. Kluge & L. Sheyko: 3 larvae; San Alejandro de Pu- callpa (8°50’S, 75°13’W), 26. VIII.2013, coll. N. Kluge & L. Sheyko: 1 S-I ♂, 2 I ♂, 11 I ♀; Region Junin, Provincia Satipo: Puerto Prado (8°50’S, 75°13’W), 10–11. IX.2013, coll. N. Kluge & L. Sheyko: 2 L-S ♂, 2 L-S ♀, 1 larva.

Descriptions.

Larva. CUTICULAR COLORATION ( Figs 174–177 ). Dorsal side of head, thorax and abdomen mostly brown with characteristic blanks: pronotum bordered by light laterally, with blanks of characteristic composite form; fore protoptera mostly light, with dark lines corresponding to convex longitudinal veins; abdominal terga with blanks on lateral parts, terga IV–V (or at least tergum V) with blank medially, terga VIII–X partly light. Femora with brown areas and blanks; tibiae and tarsi uniformly light.

HYPODERMAL COLORATION. Abdominal terga, besides cuticular coloration (see above) often with paired transverse or round blackish spots corresponding to midway gray spots of imago ( Fig. 185 ). Tergalii gray, tracheae black ( Figs 178–184 ).

SHAPE AND SETATION. Clypeus parallel-sided. Labrum 1.2–1.4 wider than clypeus. Labrum ( Figs. 190– 197 ) widest at midlength, with narrow median emargination exposed ventrally; if all 5 denticles present, bottom of median emargination formed by 3 narrow denticles and its sides formed by 2 wider denticles ( Fig. 197 ) (some denticles can be fused, smoothed out or absent); anterior transverse setal row wider than all 5 denticles, in its median part represents field of irregularly situated setae ( Figs 193, 195 ). Maxilla with 13–17 pectinate setae in apical-ventral row.

Femora: Stout setae on anterior surface parallel-sided or narrowed distally, apically blunt ( Fig. 186 ). Irregular row of hairs near inner margin absent on fore femur, represented by few setae on middle femur, sparse on hind femur.

Fore tibia ( Fig. 187 ): outer hairs form two irregular rows; inner-anterior row of recurved hairs absent; inner-anterior row of stout setae represented by few (2–3) blunt stout setae near tibia base; inner field of stout pointed setae dense (i.e. setae longer than distances between them), consists of 2 rows, setae of anterior row pectinate, setae of posterior row somewhat longer and more finely pectinate.

Hind tibia ( Figs 188–189 ): both outer-anterior and outer-posterior rows of stout setae consist of stout setae narrowed distally and apically blunt,of various lengths;outer-anterior row,besides this,contains few long spoon-like setae; hairs located between these rows, forming one irregular row (besides row of hairs posteriad of outer-posterior row of stout setae); stout setae of inner-anterior row moderately long, parallel-sided or narrowed distally, apically truncated.

Claws with 6–11 denticles on rigid portion, with several minute denticles on articulatory portion.

Tergalii ( Figs 178–184 ): wide; on both lamellae main trachea with branches directed toward costal and anal margins; dorsal lamella with costal margin most convex in proximal part and anal margin most convex in distal part, gradually narrowed toward apex, with slender apical filament; ventral lamella widest near base, gradually narrowed toward apex, with slender apical filament.

Male genitalia in last larval instar ( Fig. 205 ): protogonostyli separated one from another by moderately deep emargination. Each protopenes lobe with gonopore-bearing process bent laterally; gonopore opened laterally.

Subimago. CUTICULAR COLORATION. Cuticle with colorless and light brownish areas. Flagellum of antenna brownish. Pronotum colorless. Mesonotum with lighter and darker brown areas; chromozone of medioscutum brown, chromozone of submedioscutum contrastingly lighter brownish ( Fig. 202 ). On all legs femur in proximal 2/3 colorless, gradually becomes brown toward apex; tibia brownish; tarsus lighter brownish. Cuticle of wings colorless, microtrichia light brownish. Abdominal terga and sterna mostly colorless, posterior terga diffusively tinged with brownish at median part. Gonostyli and caudalii light brownish.

TEXTURE. On tarsi of all legs, 1st tarsomere with microtrichia (as tibia), 2nd–5th tarsomeres coved by blunt microlepides; pointed microlepides present near apical margins of 2nd–4th tarsomeres of middle and hind legs (as in Fig. 473 ).

Male imago ( Figs 198–204 ). Head and antennae brown. Dorsal eyes contiguous medially, dull orange.

Prothorax ocher with pair of dark brown stripes above coxa. Meso- and metanotum light brown. Lateral sides of pterothorax ocher with brown. Ventral side of pterothorax partly ocher; mesothoracic episterna, anterior part of basisternum and furcasternal protuberances brown; median furcasternal impression lighter brown.

Cuticle of legs mostly colorless; on fore leg apex of femur and base of tibia with cuticle light brown. Legs with following hypodermal pigmentation on whitish background: Fore femur with multicolored apical band, occupying distal 0.4 of femur; apical band mainly orange-brown, proximally bordered by blackish-brown, on inner side with blackish-brown longitudinal stripe. Fore tibia ocher, with orange-brown apex. Middle and hind femora with multicolored apical band occupying apical 1/3 of femur; apical band mainly orange-brown, proximally bordered by blackish-brown. In selected individual, relation of fore femur to fore wing length 50:240; proportions femur/tibia/ tarsomeres on fore leg 50:62:3:20:11:8:6; on middle leg 50:52:2:3:2:2:6.

Fore and hind wings with dark brown macula on costal brace and bases of Sc and R; longitudinal and cross veins colorless (proximal coloration of fore and hind wings appears during larval development and present both in subimago and imago). Costal cross veins proximad of bulla either absent, of few, colorless and very thin, so that visible only under high magnification (as in Fig. 142 ). Pterostigmatic cross veins not dense, perpendicular to longitudinal veins or slightly oblique, non-branched ( Fig. 133 ). Hind wing with prominent costal projection ( Fig. 148 ).

Abdominal hypodermal coloration: Tergum I brownish. Terga II–V whitish, translucent, slightly tinged with orange at median areas; terga VI–VII orange; tergum VIII anteriorly-medially orange and posteriorly-laterally whit- ish; terga XI–X orange; each tergum II–VIII with a pair of gray midway spots; pleura with gray stigmatic spots. Abdominal sterna I–VI whitish, sterna VII–IX whitish with light orange. Caudalii with segments alternated as fol- lowing: black; white; white proximally and black distally; white.

Genitalia ( Figs 200–201 , 203–204 ): Styliger and gonostyli light ocher; penis brownish. Dorsal extension of styliger conic. Penis lobes relatively short, swollen ventrally and greatly widened toward apex, being at apex wider than styligeral cavity. Telopenes in form of spear-like rolls, long, curved, attached on caudal sides of penis lobes, directed medially-ventrally and bent caudally; groove closed at most its length, at apex opened caudally, invisible from dorsal and ventral view ( Fig. 200 ).

Female imago. Pronotum more or less shed with ocher or brown in median part; abdominal terga II–V orangebrown with ocher; in other respects coloration similar to that of male.

Eggs ( Fig. 207 ; Traver & Edmunds 1967: fig. 54). Mostly barrel-shaped. Each KTC surrounded by ring-like cover. Protuberances densely located close to these rings; other chorion rugose, without protuberances.

Distribution. Peru ( Traver & Edmunds 1967; this study); Brazil (Ferreira & Froehlich 1992; Mariano et al. 2011).

Dimension. Fore wing length (and approximate body length) 6–7 mm.

Comments. This species was originally described as imagines from Peru. Larvae were described based on reared material from Brazil ( Lopes, Froehlich & Domínguez 2003). The single diagnostic character reported for larva, is «abdominal gills with wide lamellae, and secondary traqueal gills well developed». It was stated that this species differs from some others by «claw of foreleg with 8–9 denticles progressively larger apically (fig. 13)» (contrary to Thraulodes liminaris and T. consortis which have 6–7 denticles), but on the figure only 6 denticles are shown (Lopez et al. 2003: fig. 13). Other species-specific larval characters (such as shape of stout setae on femora and tibiae and cuticular coloration) were not reported; labrum was described and figured only from dorsal view, so its most important characters were not reported.

Figures

FIGURE 207. Thraulodes schlingeri, eggs.

FIGURES 174–189. Thraulodes schlingeri. 174–184, larval exuviae at the same magnification: 174, head with labrum and mandibles; 175, right pronotum and mesonotum; 176, part of sternum and left pleura with half of metanotum and hind protopteron, left fore, middle and hind legs; 177, abdominal terga and sterna; 178–184, tergalii I–VII; 185, immature larva (with ocher and whitish cuticular coloration and blackish paired hypodermal markings on abdomen); 186, anterior side of hind femur; 187, anterior side of fore tibia; 188, hind tibia with focus on outer-posterior row of stout setae; 189, the same with focus on outeranterior and inner-anterior rows of stout setae.

FIGURES 190–197. Thraulodes schlingeri, labrum. 190–193, labrum on slide: 190, total view; 191, anterior margin with focus on posterior transverse setal row; 192–193, with focus on ventral side, median emargination and anterior setal row (represented by field of irregularly situated setae); 194–197, labrum of another specimen in anterior view: 194, total view; 195, median part with focus on anterior and posterior setal rows; 196, the same with focus on median emargination; 197, the same enlarged (arrows show six sensilla separating five denticles). Abbreviations: anter.r, anterior transverse row of setae (actually field of setae); poster.r, posterior transverse row of setae.

FIGURES 198–202. Thraulodes schlingeri. 198–199, male imago in lateral and ventral view; 200, penis in apical view; 201, penis in ventral view; 202, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum.

FIGURES 203–206. Thraulodes schlingeri. 203–204, male imaginal genitalia in lateral and ventral view; 205, larval protogonostyli and protopenis; 206, hind wing.

FIGURES 464–473. Thraulodes nigrabdominalis sp. n. (holotype). 464, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum; 465, 466, male imago; 467–469, fore, middle and hind legs of male imago; 470, subimaginal exuviae of fore leg; 471, genitalia of male imago; 472, apex of penis; 473, subimaginal exuviae of tarsus.

FIGURES 133–142. Thraulodes panamensis sp. n. 133, pterostigma; 134–136, male imago in lateral in ventral and dorsal view; 137–138, left half of subimaginal exuviae of mesonotum of two different specimens; 139, female imago; 140–141, genitalia in lateral and ventral view; 142, costal margin of fore wing (arrows show proximal costal cross veins) (133, 134, 136, 137, 141, 142, holotype).

FIGURES 143–148. Thraulodes panamensis sp. n. 143, genitalia of male imago in lateral view; 144, apex of penis with spearlike roll in dorsal view; 145, genitalia of the same specimen in ventral view; 146, subimaginal exuviae of genitalia at the same magnification; 147, larval exuviae of protogonostyli and protopenis at the same magnification; 148, hind wing (146, 147, holotype). Abbreviations: lp, pateral pouch; tp, telopenis.