Pachygnatha unciniformis, Huang & Wu & Yin & Xu & Chen, 2024

Huang, Zongguang, Wu, Yecheng, Yin, Haiqiang, Xu, Xiang & Chen, Junhao, 2024, Two new species of the long-jawed orb-weaving spider genus Pachygnatha Sundevall, 1823 (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) from southern China, Zootaxa 5555 (3), pp. 385-406 : 394-404

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.5555.3.4
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:1B466C76-836C-4484-A990-AFDF1AA6B062
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14596122
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0396B435-3B60-FFF6-E6BD-F941FBA9FE5D
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Pachygnatha unciniformis
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Pachygnatha unciniformis sp. nov.

(NJ状ḋşƍ)

Figures 7–12 View FIGURE 7 View FIGURE 8 View FIGURE 9 View FIGURE 10 View FIGURE 11 View FIGURE 12 , 13C, D View FIGURE 13 , 14B View FIGURE 14 , 15C, D View FIGURE 15 , 16 View FIGURE 16

Material examined. China: Yunnan province: Dali Bai Autonomous Prefecture, Cangshan Mountains, Yudai Road , 25°41′26″N, 100°8′2″E, 2494 m, holotype ♂, 25 September 2022, leg. Jinxin Liu, Zongguang Huang, Yun liang, Yingli Wen and Xujun Feng ( HNU1068 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; S ame collecting information as holotype, paratypes 1♂ 1♀ ( HNU506 View Materials , 507 View Materials ) . China: Yunnan province: Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture, Weixi Lisu Autonomous County, Tacheng Town , Bazhu Village , 27°32′16″N, 99°28′E, 2329 m, paratypes 1♂ 1♀, 16 September 2022, leg. Jinxin Liu, Zongguang Huang, Yun liang, Yingli Wen and Xujun Feng ( HNU508 View Materials , 509 View Materials ) GoogleMaps .

Etymology. The specific epithet is derived from a Latin adjective, meaning “hook-shaped” and referring to the end of conductor.

Diagnosis. The male of P. unciniformis sp. nov. resembles those of P. amurensis , P. fengzhen , P. tenera and P. shengtangensis sp. nov. in having a coiled embolus and a twisting conductor ( Figs 2A, B View FIGURE 2 , 8A, B View FIGURE 8 ; Zhu et al. 2003, figs 45D, 43D, 49D), but P. unciniformis sp. nov. can be distinguished from the latter three by a hook-shaped distal end of the conductor ( Fig. 8A, C View FIGURE 8 ) versus a slightly bent distal end in the latter three ( Fig. 2A, C View FIGURE 2 ; Zhu et al. 2003, figs 45D, 43D, 49D); and by the base of the cheliceral fang with an outer cusp in males ( Fig. 8E View FIGURE 8 ), versus the base of fang without an outer cusp in the latter three ( Fig. 2E View FIGURE 2 ; Zhu et al. 2003, figs 45A, 43A, 49A). The female of P. unciniformis is similar to those of the above three species in having the same number of retromarginal teeth ( Figs 5D, E View FIGURE 5 , 11D, E View FIGURE 11 ; Zhu et al. 2003, figs 44E, 42D, 48E), but P. unciniformis sp. nov. can be distinguished from the latter three by triangular spermathecae ( Fig. 11B View FIGURE 11 ), versus globular spermathecae in P. amurensis , P. tenera and P. fengzhen and kidney-shaped spermathecae in P. shengtangensis sp. nov.) ( Fig. 5B View FIGURE 5 ; Zhu et al. 2003, figs 44G, 42F, 48G).

Description. Male. Holotype (HNU1068). Total length 5.25. Carapace 2.31 long, 1.73 wide, pear-shaped, dark brown ( Fig. 7A View FIGURE 7 ). Head area much higher than thoracic area and eyes surrounded by black ocular tubercles ( Fig. 7A, C View FIGURE 7 ). Cervical groove and radial groove obvious, black ( Fig. 7A View FIGURE 7 ). Fovea arc-shaped ( Fig. 7A View FIGURE 7 ). Chelicerae dark brown, with six promarginal and four retromarginal teeth, accompanied by a nuptial spur on the prolateral surface ( Figs 8D– F View FIGURE 8 , 9D–F View FIGURE 9 ). Promarginal teeth approximately equal in size. The first and second retromargin teeth much bigger than the other two ( Figs 8D–F View FIGURE 8 , 9D–F View FIGURE 9 ). Fang not very straight, slightly bent in its midsection, and with an outer cusp at the base ( Figs 8D–F View FIGURE 8 , 9D–F View FIGURE 9 ). Labium trapezoidal, wider than long, and with the anterior margin thickened ( Fig. 7B View FIGURE 7 ). Maxilla far longer than wide ( Fig. 7B View FIGURE 7 ). Sternum 1.33 long, 1.61 wide, same color as the carapace, with a lot of little pits, and bilaterally and posteriorly extending between coxae ( Fig. 7B View FIGURE 7 ). Eyes subequal in size, ALE and PLE close together, slightly smaller than median eyes. Eye sizes and inter-distances: ALE 0.09; AME 0.10; PLE 0.10; PME 0.11; ALE-AME 0.21; AME-AME 0.13; PLE-PME 0.22; PME-PME 0.21; MOA length 0.33, anterior width 0.29, posterior width 0.37 ( Fig. 7A View FIGURE 7 ). Legs long and slender, light yellow-brown. Femur IV with three dorsal trichobothria ( Fig. 15C View FIGURE 15 ). Leg measurements: Ⅰ 7.87 (2.11, 0.63, 2.29, 1.85, 0.99); II 6.79 (1.96, 0.59, 2.04, 1.49, 0.71); III 4.47 (1.39, 0.49, 1.08, 0.97, 0.54); IV 5.70 (1.63, 0.45, 1.51, 1.39, 0.72). Abdomen: 2.75 long, 2.27 wide, oval, dorsum with two longitudinal lines of discontinuous brown patterns, along with several guanine silvery patches present in the dorsal, lateral and ventral surfaces ( Fig. 7 View FIGURE 7 ).

Pedipalp ( Figs 8A–C View FIGURE 8 , 9A–C View FIGURE 9 , 13C, D View FIGURE 13 , 14B View FIGURE 14 ). Tibia twice as long as wide in ventral view, with dorsal side much longer than ventral side ( Figs 8A, C View FIGURE 8 , 9A, C View FIGURE 9 ). The middle part of paracymbium swollen, wider than two ends, and possessing a small apophysis ( Figs 8B View FIGURE 8 , 9B View FIGURE 9 ). Cymbium strongly constricted in its midsection ( Figs 8C View FIGURE 8 , 9C View FIGURE 9 ). Embolus coiled for about one circle around the tegulum, with its distal third extending towards the top of cymbium. Embolic medial groove conspicuous, dividing the basal part of embolus into two sclerotised parts which coil more than half a turn, creating the illusion of two concentric circle ( Figs 8A View FIGURE 8 , 9A View FIGURE 9 , 13C, D View FIGURE 13 , 14B View FIGURE 14 ). Conductor well-developed, comprising a transverse cutinized part and a vertical spiral membranous part when viewed from above, and with a hook-shaped distal end when observed in ventral and retrolateral views ( Figs 13C, D View FIGURE 13 , 14B View FIGURE 14 ).

Female (HNU506). Somatic morphology similar to male ( Fig. 10 View FIGURE 10 ). Total length 3.72. Carapace 1.77 long, 1.34 wide. Sternum 0.99 long, 1.12 wide. Eye sizes and inter-distances: ALE 0.09; AME 0.07; PLE 0.09; PME 0.09; ALE-AME 0.15; AME-AME 0.13; PLE-PME 0.22; PME-PME 0.18; MOA length 0.28, anterior width 0.26, posterior width 0.35. Chelicera with five promarginal and four retromarginal teeth ( Figs 11C–E View FIGURE 11 , 12B–D View FIGURE 12 ). The fang straight, without an outer cusp and not curved as in male ( Figs 11C–E View FIGURE 11 , 12B–D View FIGURE 12 ). Femur IV with three dorsal trichobothria ( Fig. 15D View FIGURE 15 ). Leg measurements: Ⅰ 6.91 (1.97, 0.57, 1.93, 1.58, 0.86); II 6.20 (1.80, 0.57, 1.73, 1.35, 0.75); III 4.05 (1.21, 0.43, 0.99, 0.87, 0.55); IV 5.36 (1.67, 0.41, 1.38, 1.29, 0.61). Abdomen: 1.92 long, 1.43 wide.

Female genitalia ( Figs 11A, B View FIGURE 11 ; 12A View FIGURE 12 ). Genital fold twice wide as its length. Gonopore crevice-shaped. Spermathecae triangular, with bulged surrounding margins. Uterus externus contracted in the middle section.

Distribution: Known only from the type locality, China (Yunnan) ( Fig. 16 View FIGURE 16 ).