Lestoidea, Calvert, 1901

Bybee, Seth M., Kalkman, Vincent J., Erickson, Robert J., Frandsen, Paul B., Breinholt, Jesse W., Suvorov, Anton, Dijkstra, Klaas-Douwe B., Cordero-Rivera, Adolfo, Skevington, Jeffrey H., Abbott, John C., Herrera, Melissa Sanchez, Lemmon, Alan R., Lemmon, Emily Moriarty & Ware, Jessica L., 2021, Phylogeny and classification of Odonata using targeted genomics, Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 160, pp. 107115-107115 : 7

4.1.3. Lestoidea

(BS = 100, PP = 1, QS = 0.37/0.78/1)

The superfamily consists of the four families Hemiphlebiidae , Perilestidae , Synlestidae and Lestidae , and is recovered as the sister group to all other damselflies with high support (BS = 100, PP = 1, QS = 0.7/ 0.75/0.99). The Australian monospecific family Hemiphlebiidae ( Hemiphlebia mirabilis ) was recovered as sister to the remaining Lestoidea , supporting previous studies ( Davis et al., 2011; Dumont et al., 2010; Rehn, 2003). Dijkstra et al. (2014) found Perilestidae and Synlestidae to be paraphyletic in Bayesian analyses, but suggested this was due to the limited number of genes included in their study and retained both families, although the African genus Nubiolestes was transferred from Perilestidae to Synlestidae . Perilestidae (one species included herein) and Synlestidae (two species included herein) combined (BS = 100, PP = 1, QS = 1/NA/0.99) and Synlestidae by itself (BS = 100, PP = 1, QS = 1/NA/1) were monophyletic, but taxon sampling was too limited to say if this will hold up once more species are included. Lestidae is also recovered as monophyletic (BS = 100, PP = 1, QS = 1/NA/1). However, in contrast to Dijkstra et al. (2014) the genera Austrolestes and Indolestes form a fully supported monophyletic group with Sympecma when Orolestes is included (BS = 100, PP = 1, QS = 0.27/0.52/0.86). Thus, there is some support for the validity of the subfamilies Lestinae and Sympecmatinae. In contrast to other Lestidae , and uniquely within Zygoptera , the genera Austrolestes , Indolestes and Sympecma (but not Orolestes ) fold their wings on one side of the abdomen at rest. Within Lestidae these threegenera are also aberrant in surviving cold ( Sympecma , Indolestes ) or dry periods ( Austrolestes ) as adults; thus their adult lifespan is often longer than their nymphal phase ( Corbet, 1999).