Turleania saliens, Osawa, Masayuki & Fujita, Yoshihisa, 2008

Osawa, Masayuki & Fujita, Yoshihisa, 2008, Two new species of Turleania McLaughlin, 1997 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura: Paguridae) from the Ryukyu Islands, southwestern Japan, and a redescription of T. balli (McLaughlin & Haig, 1996), Zootaxa 1753, pp. 49-68 : 54-59

Turleania saliens n. sp.

( Figs. 3–6 , 10 A–C)

Enneopagurus sp.— Kawamoto & Okuno 2003: 87, unnumbered fig.

Type material. Holotype: male (sl 3.3 mm), Maeda-misaki, Onna, Okinawa Island, Ryukyu Islands, Japan, 11.1 m, SCUBA, coll. Y. Fujita, 26 February 2003 (CMNH-ZC 02187).

Paratypes: Japan, Ryukyu Islands. 1 ovigerous female (sl 3.2 mm), Saneku, Kakeroma Island (south of Amami-oshima Island), 6–7 m, SCUBA, coll. H. Saito, 29 May 2000 (CMNH-ZC 02188); 1 ovigerous female (sl 2.9 mm), Saneku, Kakeroma Island, 1–2 m, under dead coral, coll. M. Osawa, 27 May 2001 (CMNH-ZC 02189); 1 female (sl 3.1 mm), Sesoko Island (northwest of Okinawa Island), 15 m, under rock, SCUBA, coll. Y. Fujita, 19 April 2002 (CMNH-ZC 02190); 1 male (sl 2.7 mm), 2 females (sl 2.2, 2.9 mm), Maeda-misaki, Onna, Okinawa Island, 10.3–10.8 m, SCUBA, coll. Y. Fujita, 26 February 2003 (CMNH-ZC 02191); 1 female (sl 2.0 mm), “Shadow Cave”, Kume Island, 15 m, SCUBA, coll. J. Okuno, 20 December 2001 (CMNH-ZC 00637); 1 ovigerous female (sl 2.7 mm), “Shadow Cave”, Kume Island, 15 m, SCUBA, coll. T. Kawamoto, 4 February 2002 (CMNH-ZC 00928). 1 male (sl 3.4 mm), “Cross Hole”, Irabu Island, Miyako Group, 20 m, SCUBA, coll. J. Okuno and S. Kunihiro, 5 July 2006 (CMNH-ZC 02185).

Description. Nine pairs of quadriserial gills; no arthrobranchs on third maxillipeds.

Shield ( Fig. 3 A, B) 1.0–1.1 times longer than broad; anterior margin between rostrum and lateral projections concave; anterolateral margins sloping, weakly concave; posterior margin roundly truncate; dorsal surface with few tufts of short setae laterally. Rostrum triangular, overreaching lateral projections, somewhat deflexed ventrally, terminating bluntly or subacutely. Lateral projections triangular, each with marginal or submarginal, slender spine. Posterior carapace ( Fig. 3 B) membranous, with tufts of setae laterally. Posterior carapace lateral lobes narrow, calcified along cervical groove. Posterior carapace median element very narrow. Posteromedian plate delineated, broadened posteriorly; sulci cardiobranchialis extending to posterior carapace margin.

Ocular peduncles ( Fig. 3 A) slender, 0.7–0.8 length of shield, each with irregular row of tufts of short setae on dorsomesial surface; basal part weakly inflated, narrower than corneal width; corneas slightly dilated, corneal width about 0.3 of peduncular length. Ocular acicles elongate, subtriangular, each with submarginal spine.

Antennular peduncles ( Fig. 3 A) overreaching distal margins of corneas by 0.6–0.7 lengths of ultimate segments. Ultimate segment 1.9–2.3 times longer than penultimate segment, widened distally, with long, dorsolateral distal seta and scattered short setae. Penultimate segment with few short setae. Basal segment with small spine on distal margin of statocyst lobe, ventromesial distal margin also with small blunt spine. Ventral flagellum 0.4–0.5 length of dorsal flagellum.

Antennal peduncles ( Fig. 3 A) overreaching distal margins of corneas by 0.4–0.5 lengths of ultimate segments, with scattered tufts of short and moderately long setae on all segments. First segment with small laterodistal spine. Second segment with slender spine at dorsomesial distal angle; dorsolateral distal angle produced, long, reaching midlength of fourth segment, terminating in simple or bifid spine. Third segment unarmed at ventrodistal angle. Fourth and fifth segments also unarmed. Antennal acicle weakly arcuate, reaching proximal margin of cornea, terminating in small spine; mesial margin with row of tufts of sparse setae.

Mandible ( Fig. 4 A) with blunt calcareous tooth at lower angle of cutting edge. Maxillule ( Fig. 4 B) with subrectangular coxal endite; endopod with slightly produced internal lobe bearing single setae, external lobe weakly delineated. Maxilla ( Fig. 4 C) with moderately broad scaphognathite, endopod distinctly overreaching anterior margin of scaphognathite. First maxilliped ( Fig. 4 D) with moderately broad basal portion of exopod, endopod less than half length of exopod. Second maxilliped ( Fig. 4 E) with moderately elongate merus. Third maxilliped ( Fig. 4 F, G) slender; carpus unarmed; merus with small spine on dorsodistal margin; ischium with well developed crista dentata consisting of row of small corneous-tipped teeth, no accessory tooth; fusion between ischium and basis incomplete; basis with 6 small denticles on mesial margin; coxa with slender spine at distomesial angle; exopod reaching half length of carpus.

Right cheliped ( Fig. 5 A–D) massive, much larger than left. Chela subovate in dorsal view, 2.0–2.2 times longer than broad. Dactylus 0.8–0.9 length of palm; dorsomesial margin unarmed or with 1–5 small spines on proximal half and distal low ridges; surfaces smooth but with tufts of moderately long setae; cutting edge with 2 large calcareous teeth and some smaller teeth in proximal 0.7 and short row of small corneous teeth distally, terminating in small corneous claw. Palm as long as or slightly shorter than carpus; dorsal surface convex, with 5 irregular longitudinal rows of tufts of long setae, distolateral part and fixed finger bearing some very small denticles; dorsolateral margin rounded; dorsomesial margin with row of 4 or 5 spines; lateral, mesial and ventral surfaces with longitudinal rows of tufts of short and long setae. Fixed finger with rounded dorsolateral margin; cutting edge with row of 2 large median, calcareous teeth and smaller teeth, terminating in small corneous claw. Carpus subtriangular in dorsal view, approximately as long as merus; surfaces with tufts of short and long setae; dorsolateral margin not delimited; dorsomesial margin delimited by irregular row of 4 or 5 spines or with 2 distal spines followed by short, low ridges; dorsal surface with row of 2–4 slightly elevated, short ridges in midline, distal ridge bearing small spine or unarmed; dorsodistal margin unarmed; lateral, mesial, and ventral surfaces smooth; ventrolateral margin with small distal spine; ventromesial margin unarmed. Merus with row of short ridges bearing tufts of long setae in dorsal midline; dorsodistal margin unarmed; lateral surface smooth, ventrolateral margin with 2 subdistal spines; mesial surface with some tufts of setae, ventromesial margin with distal spine. Ischium with ventromesial margin smooth; surfaces unarmed but with tufts of setae.

Left cheliped ( Fig. 5 E, 6A, B) moderately slender. Chela 3.0–3.3 times longer than broad. Dactylus 1.0– 1.2 times as long as palm; surfaces smooth but with tufts of long setae; cutting edge with row of closely-set, small corneous teeth, terminating in small corneous claw. Palm 0.6–0.8 length of carpus; dorsal surface convex, with tufts of short and long setae, weakly elevated in midline; lateral, mesial, and ventral surfaces smooth but with longitudinal rows of tufts of short and long setae. Fixed finger also with tufts of short and long setae; cutting edge with row of small calcareous teeth interspersed with small corneous teeth, terminating in small corneous claw. Carpus slightly shorter than merus, dorsolateral margin delimited by row of 2–4 spines followed by short, low ridges; dorsomesial margin with only distal spine followed by short ridges; dorsal surface flattish, with tufts of long setae; lateral, mesial, and ventral surfaces also with tufts of short and long setae; ventrolateral margin with small distal spine; ventromesial margin unarmed. Merus with row of short ridges bearing tufts of long setae in dorsal midline; dorsodistal margin unarmed; lateral and mesial surfaces with tufts of setae ventrally; ventrolateral margin with 2 subdistal spines; ventromesial margin with distal spine. Ischium with 3–6 denticles on ventromesial margin; surfaces with tufts of setae.

Ambulatory legs ( Fig. 6 C–F) slender, generally similar from right to left, propodi of right pair somewhat longer than left; dorsal and ventral margins of each segment with tufts of short and long setae. Dactyli 1.1–1.3 times longer than propodi, terminating in long corneous claws; dorsal surfaces each with row of slender bristles; ventromesial margins each armed with 5–8 slender corneous spines on distal 0.5–0.7, on third, 1 bristle present or absent on proximal part; lateral and mesial surfaces unarmed, shallowly concave in midline. Propodi not distinctly tapering distally in lateral view; dorsomesial margins each with 1 or 2 distal bristles; lateral, mesial, and ventral surfaces nearly smooth; ventrodistal margins each with small corneous spine mesially. Carpi each with small dorsodistal spine; dorsal surfaces each with additional small spine in proximal half mesially (second) or unarmed (third); lateral and mesial faces with few short setae. Meri nearly smooth on lateral and mesial surfaces; ventral surfaces each with distinct spine in distal 0.3 (second) or unarmed (third); ventrolateral distal margins each with very small or small spine (second) or unarmed (third).

Fourth pereopods ( Fig. 3 I) weakly semichelate, subequal in size, generally similar from right to left. Dactyli relatively broad, terminating in long corneous claws, each bearing tuft of setae on dorsodistal margin; ventral margin with row of small corneous teeth and short setae; preungual process absent. Propodi with tufts of setae on dorsal surface; propodal rasp consisting of single row of small corneous scales. Carpi with sparse tufts of setae on dorsal surface; dorsodistal angle terminating in small blunt spine.

Males with coxae of fifth pereopods ( Fig. 3 D–F) unequal; left coxa larger than right, with well developed, stout and flattish sexual tube directed exteriorly and recurved posteriorly, and then weakly or strongly directed upward along posterior surface of left basis, with broad tip obscured by dense fringe of setae, surface with few short setae; right coxa with gonopore partially masked by fringe of short setae and vas deferens slightly protruded. Females with gonopore on each coxae of third pereopods.

Sixth thoracic sternite ( Fig. 3 C) with anterior lobe semicircular or subovate; anterior margin bearing row of short and long setae, and with very small spine on left or right side or unarmed. Eighth thoracic sternite ( Fig. 3 D) composed of single lobe; ventral surface slightly convex, with short setae.

Pleon dextrally twisted; male with 3 unequally biramous left pleopods, endopods elongate; female with 4 unequally biramous left pleopods.

Telson ( Fig. 3 G, H) with weak lateral indentations; posterior lobes usually distinctly asymmetrical, bordered by narrow chitinous edge on each lateral margin; terminal margins oblique, each with 1–3 small spines, apex of left lobe usually acute.

Color in life ( Fig. 10 A–C). Shield, posterior carapace, ocular peduncles, and chelipeds whitish, with scattered brown spots. Antennular and antennal peduncles and second to fifth pereopods semitransparent, with scattered brown spots. Shield brown tinged. Cornea greenish or yellowish brown, with brown spots. Ultimate segment of antennular peduncle with broad brown band or interrupted large spots on distal part. Flagellum of antennal peduncle with reddish spot usually on each 2 articles. Dactyli and palms of chelipeds each with large spot on proximal mesial part. Ambulatory legs with white bands on distal parts of each propodus and carpus, and subproximal and distal parts of merus. Setae on pereopods whitish.

Etymology. From the Latin genitive, saliens (salio, to leap), in reference to the jumping behavior of the new species.

Habitat and ecology. The new species was found on a substratum of fine sand, which is usually seen in submarine caves or holes on fore-reef slopes, at depths of 1– 20 m. Kawamoto & Okuno (2003) noted that when disturbed the species was observed to leap backward using all the ambulatory legs with the jump reaching 0.1 m in distance. Similar leaping behavior is also known for Anapagurus bonnieri Nobili, 1905 and Catapagurus haigae ( Asakura, 2001) (as Anapagurus sp. and Catapagurus sp., see Haig & Ball 1988).

Remarks. The specimens examined agree well in the fresh coloration with the photograph of “ Enneopagurus sp.” by Kawamoto & Okuno (2003). Thus, these can undoubtedly be regarded as the present new species, Turleania saliens .

Turleania saliens is closely allied to T. balli and T. tenebrosa , but distinguished by the right chela unarmed on the dorsolateral surface (small but distinct spines are present in the latter two species) and meri of the second pereopods each armed with a distinct spine on the distal 0.3 of the ventral surface (the spine is absent in T. balli and T. tenebrosa ). The new species may be further differentiated from T. balli in having shorter dactyli of the ambulatory legs (1.1–1.3 times longer than the propodi vs. 1.4–1.5 times in T. balli ).

McLaughlin & Haig (1996) described T. sibogae (as Laurentia sibogae ) based on a single female specimen from Indonesia, as the closest relative of T. balli (as Laurentia balli ). This species is noted to differ from T. balli in the armature of the dactylus and carpus of the right cheliped in the original description. Turleania saliens also appears very similar to T. sibogae in entire morphology, but differs in possessing a spine each on the dorsoproximal surface of the carpus and ventrodistal surface of the merus of the second pereopod. These spines are supposedly absent in T. sibogae .

Figures

FIGURE 3. Turleania saliens n. sp. A – G, I, holotype male (sl 3.3 mm), CMNH-ZC 02187; H, paratype female (sl 2.9 mm), CMNH-ZC 0 2191. A, shield and cephalic appendages, dorsal view (setae omitted from left side); B, shield and posterior carapace, dorsal view (setae omitted from left side); C, sixth thoracic sternite, ventral view; D, coxae of fifth pereopods and eighth thoracic sternite, ventral view; E, basis and sexual tube of left fifth pereopod, lateral view; F, left sexual tube, distal part, dorsal view; G, H, telson, dorsal view; I, left fourth pereopod, dactylus, propodus, and distal part of carpus, lateral view. Scales equal 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 4. Turleania saliens n. sp. Holotype male (sl 3.3 mm), CMNH-ZC 0 2187. A, left mandible, internal view; B, left maxillule, ventral view; C, left maxilla, ventral view; D, left first maxilliped, ventral view; E, left second maxilliped, ventral view; F, left third maxilliped, lateral view; G, same, proximal segments, mesial view (setae omitted). Scales equal 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 5. Turleania saliens n. sp. Holotype male (sl 3.3 mm), CMNH-ZC 0 2187. A, right cheliped, mesial view; B, same, lateral view; C, same, chela, dorsal view (setae omitted from fingers); D, same, carpus, dorsal view; E, left cheliped, chela and carpus, dorsal view (setae omitted from fingers). Scales equal 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 6. Turleania saliens n. sp. Holotype male (sl 3.3 mm), CMNH-ZC 0 2187. A, left cheliped, mesial view; B, same, lateral view; C, right second pereopod, lateral view; D, same, dactylus and distal part of propodus, mesial view (setae omitted); E, left third pereopod, lateral view; F, same, dactylus and distal part of propodus, mesial view (setae omitted). Scales equal 1.0 mm.

FIGURE 10. Fresh specimens. Turleania saliens n. sp., holotype male (sl 3.3 mm), CMNH-ZC 0 2187 (A, B); Turleania saliens n. sp., paratype female (sl 2.9 mm), CMNH-ZC 0 2191 (C); Turleania tenebrosa n. sp., holotype male (sl 3.0 mm), CMNH-ZC 0 0 932 (D). A, D, entire specimen, dorsal view; B, same, anterior view; C, carapace and cephalic appendages, dorsal view.