Piaroa turbacoensis, Segovia-Paccini & Ahumada-C & Moreno-González, 2018

Segovia-Paccini, Alejandro, Ahumada-C, Daniela & Moreno-González, Jairo A., 2018, A new remarkable short-tailed whip-scorpion species of Piaroa (Arachnida, Schizomida, Hubbardiidae) from the Colombian Caribbean region, Zootaxa 4500 (1), pp. 91-103 : 93-99

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4500.1.5
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:97A9490B-1E92-4967-A390-FD2ACCBEDB4E
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039487FB-9D1B-F617-FF32-FF73FB5A2182
treatment provided by	Felipe
scientific name	Piaroa turbacoensis
status	sp. nov.

Treatment

Piaroa turbacoensis View in CoL sp. nov.

( Figures 1–8 View FIGURE 1 View FIGURE 2 View FIGURE 3 View FIGURE 4 View FIGURE 5 View FIGURE 6 View FIGURE 7 View FIGURE 8 , Table 1)

Type material. Male holotype (ICN-Asc-60): COLOMBIA: Bolívar department: Turbaco municipality, Botanical Garden “Guillermo Piñeres”, 200 m a.s.l., 10°20´51.59” N, 75°25´30.79” W, manual capture, i.2016, A. Segovia. Paratypes: Three adult females (ICN-Asc-61) (two females with spermathecae damaged) same data as the holotype. Three adult males (ICN-Asc-62), Turbaco municipality, Botanical Garden “Guillermo Piñeres”, 130 m a.s.l., 10°20´81.19” N 75°25’30.79” W, manual capture under plant debris, 2.xii.2016, A. Segovia & D. Ahumada- C. Two adult males ( CUDC-ARA 263 , 264 ) and three adult females ( CUDC-ARA 265 ), Turbaco municipality, Botanical Garden “Guillermo Piñeres”, 200 m a.s.l., 10°20´51.59” N, 75°25´30.79” W, daylight manual capture, 24.v.2015, A. Segovia & D. Ahumada-C GoogleMaps .

Etymology. The species name is an toponym adjective referring to the type locality Turbaco.

Diagnosis. Piaroa turbacoensis sp. nov. shares with Piaroa escalerete , P. hoyosi and P. villarreali a short male flagellum with lateral margins of the bulb base sub-parallel and not abruptly narrowed distally in dorsal view ( Figure 4A, D View FIGURE 4 ). Piaroa turbacoensis sp. nov. differs from them by having a male pedipalp femur with a wellprojected truncated ventroectal process and patella with a ventroectal depression ( Figure 3A View FIGURE 3 ). Females of P. turbacoensis sp. nov. share the presence of spermathecal lobes with distinct terminal bulbs and expanded bases ( Figure 6 View FIGURE 6 ; Moreno-González et al. 2014: figure 20), chitinized arch with PB open, LT slightly rounded and absence of AMN ( Figure 6 View FIGURE 6 ; Moreno-González et al. 2014: figure 20) with P. escalerete . Piaroa turbacoensis sp. nov. differs from P. escalerete in that Piaroa turbacoensis sp. nov. demonstrates spermathecae “J”-shaped lateral lobes anteriorly directed, with massive circular bases and sub-oval bulbs ( Figure 6 View FIGURE 6 ), chitinized arch with: rounded IA, and AMP sharp ( Figure 6 View FIGURE 6 ), while P. escalerete have inverted “J”-like shaped lateral lobes medially directed, with wide sub-oval bases ( Moreno-González et al. 2014: figure 20), chitinized arch with: sharp IA and AMP blunt and short ( Moreno-González et al. 2014: figure 20).

Description. Male holotype (ICN-Asc-60) ( Figure 1A View FIGURE 1 ). Coloration (in ethanol 70%): general pattern light greenish-brown. Chelicerae reddish and flagellum light brownish. Pedipalps (trochanter, femur, patella, tibia and tarsus) light reddish-brown. Anterior and posterior sterna light greenish-brown. Legs II-IV (coxa, trochanter, femur, patella and tarsus) light greenish-brown; Leg I with trochanter and femur light reddish-brown, patella, tibia and tarsus, dark reddish-brown. All body setation dark reddish-brown.

Prosoma ( Figure 1A View FIGURE 1 ). Anterior process of propeltidium with two setae (one behind the other) followed by two pairs of dorsosubmedian setae; eyespot suboval. Anterior sternum with 11 setae and posterior sternum with six setae. Measurements in Table 1.

Chelicerae ( Figure 2 View FIGURE 2 ). Dorso-basal and ventro-basal surfaces composed of fine spines ( Figures 2A, B View FIGURE 2 ). Movable finger with serrula, composed of 15 hyaline teeth, increasing in size towards distal region, guard tooth present ( Figure 2C View FIGURE 2 ), with lamella and without accessory teeth ( Figure 2D View FIGURE 2 ), area behind serrula with a fluted surface ( Figure 2E View FIGURE 2 ). Fixed finger with eight similarly sized teeth between two large outer ones ( Figure 2F View FIGURE 2 ). Setation: G1 (setae group 1) with three spatulate setae, one (most dorsal) with basal surface almost smooth, two remaining with basal surface covered with almost four longitudinal rows of spinose spicules; G2 composed of four feathered setae, all subequal in length and longer than movable finger length; G3 with four setae subequal in length, each one consisting of dorsal feathered and ventral serrated surfaces; G4 consisting of two smooth, short and thick setae with thin apex; G5A with seven setae subequal in length, feathered apically and longer than the movable finger length; G5B with eight setae, feathered apically and longer than G5A setae length; G6 with one smooth seta longer than half of movable finger length; G7 with five setae feathered from the middle to its apex, decreasing in size from proximal to distal. Setal group formula (G1:G2: G3:G4:G5A:G5B:G6:G7): 3–4–4–2–7–8–1–5.

Pedipalp ( Figure 3A View FIGURE 3 ). All segments are smooth, without armature, 0.64 times longer than propeltidium length. Trochanter: with mesal spur, two times longer than high, with an apical process rounded and not projected; with one ventral row of large setae, with an intermediate row of small setae over the external face; internal face with a row of six setae over the ventral edge, and four setae over the dorsal edge. Femur: subcylindrical, two times longer than high, dorsal edge two times longer than ventral edge, thinner at base and wider at apex; with a projected ventroectal process with truncated apex, bearing the setae Fv1 and Fv2; external surface with Fe1 and Fe2, separated ( Figure 3A View FIGURE 3 ); internal surface with a row of ventral setae Fvr1–3 and with dorsal setae Fd1 and Fd2. Patella: cylindrical, two times longer than high, distal edge two times longer than basal edge of segment; with a ventroectal depression; ventral region with setae Pe3, Pe4 and Pe5, Pe4 small located medially at the same level as Pe5, also with setae Pm1, Pm3 and Pm 5 in a row except for Pm4, which was located medially, all feathered distally. Tibia: Cylindrical, three times longer than high, base as high as patella; thin and longer than patella, ventral region with setae Ter4–6, acuminate, with a large Tm setae, and with setae Tmr2–5 and Tir2–5, all feathered distally. Tarsus: twice times longer than high, approximately half the length of tibia; tarsal claw sharp and curved, length subequal to the length of tarsus; tarsal spurs asymmetrical.

Opisthosoma ( Figure 1A View FIGURE 1 ). Setae: Tergite I with two pairs of microsetae; Tergite II with three pairs of microsetae. Tergites I–IX each with one pair of large Dm setae; tergites VIII–IX each with one pair of Dl2 setae. Sternites I–III each with a row of scattered microsetae; sternite IV–V with setae Vm2, Vl1B, Vl1A and Vl2; sternites VI–VII with seta Vm1, and setae, Vm2, Vl1B, Vl1A and Vl2; sternite VIII with Vm2, Vl1 and Vl2; sternite IX Vm1, Vm2, Vl1 and Vl2. Segment X with seta Vm1 and setae Vm2, Vl1 and Vl2; segment XI with seta Vm1 and setae Vm2, Vl1 and Dl1; segment XII with setae Dm, Dl1 and Dl2, Vm2, Vl1 and Vl2. Segment XII without posterodorsal process. Respiratory spiracles large and oval, slightly sclerotized and darker than sternites.

Flagellum ( Figure 4A – F View FIGURE 4 ). Dorsoventrally flattened, sub-oval and short, with lateral margins sub-parallels in dorsal view; three times longer than wide and 3.8 times longer than pedicel length. With one pair of Dsd circular and well-marked between the level of Vm3 and Vm5; without any dorsal swelling. Setation: Vm1 at same level as Dm1; pair Vm2 at the same level of Vm1; pair Vm3 distal to Vm1 level; Dl2 at same level as Vl1; Vm5 proximal to Dm4; Vl2 proximal to Dl3 level. With one irregular patch composed of five or seven microsetae distal to Vl1 to same level as Dl3. With one pair of dorsosubmedian microsetae between Dm1 and Dl2, and one pair of lateral microsetae over the pedicel.

Female description. Female paratype (ICN-Asc-61). General coloration ( Figure 1B View FIGURE 1 ), setation and chelicerae, same as male.

Flagellum ( Figure 5 View FIGURE 5 ). With four flagellomeres and three annuli, six times longer than wide. Flagellomere I without setation; flagellomere II with Dm1, Vm1 and Vm2; flagellomere III with Dl1 (microsetae) proximal to Vm3; flagellomere IV with Vl1 proximal to Vm5 and Dl2, Dl2 between level of Vl1 and Vm5, Dm4 between Dl2 and Dl3; Vl2 proximal to Dl3 and slight distal to Dm4, Dl4 (microsetae) proximal to Dl3 and at the same level as Vl2.

Spermathecae ( Figure 6 View FIGURE 6 ). Consist of a pair of “J”-like lateral lobes, with their apex anteriorly directed, with massive circular bases; and distinct terminal sub-oval bulbs; bulbs with few duct opennings. Chitinized arch incomplete, PB open, LT slightly rounded, not projected; AB V-like, PB U-like, without AMN, with a rounded IA, and a point and short AMP.

Distribution ( Figures 7 View FIGURE 7 , 8A – D View FIGURE 8 ). The Botanical Garden “Guillermo Piñeres”in the Turbaco municipality, Bolívar department, Colombia ( Figure 8A View FIGURE 8 ) is located in the Caribbean Region. At 130–200 m a.s.l., the region demonstrates a warm climate with temperatures ranging from 27°C to 30°C, an annual mean precipitation of 232 mm and evapotranspiration levels that exceed precipitation levels ( Christenhusz & Madriñán, 2017). These characteristics are all typical of the biome ( Holdridge et al. 1971; Murphy & Lugo, 1986; Pizano et al. 2014). The precipitation regime of the DTF is marked seasonal, with 84.5 % of the rain falling during the wet season (August- December) and October being the month featuring the most rain ( Christenhusz & Madriñán, 2017). The soil is composed mainly of caliza stones and is settled over marine terraces, which have created the prevalence of water founts throughout the year ( Figure 8B View FIGURE 8 ), conferring riparian characteristics to the forest fragment (CARDIQUE & Conservación Internacional, 2004). Therefore, such soil and microclimatic conditions probably allow the establishment and prevalence of abundant schizomids during different times of the year, as we observed. Piaroa turbacoensis sp. nov., is only know from its type locality.

Natural History. All individuals were collected within a Dry Tropical Forest biome forest fragment with 4 ha area ( Figure 8A View FIGURE 8 ). Also refereed as “Native Forest Fragment” inside the Botanical Garden “Guillermo Piñeres”. All specimens were found under rotten logs surrounded by plant debris or near tree roots ( Figure 8C – D View FIGURE 8 ), living in sympatry with Spiders ( Araneae : Theraphosidae ), Harvestmen ( Opiliones : Cosmetidae and Stygnommatidae ), Woodlice ( Isopoda : Armadillidae and Philosciidae ), and Termites (Isoptera: Kalotermitidae ).