Singaporemma Shear, 1978

Yan, Fanhu & Lin, Yucheng, 2018, A review of the spider genus Singaporemma (Araneae: Tetrablemmidae), with the description of a new species, Zootaxa 4392 (2), pp. 329-346 : 330

Genus Singaporemma Shear, 1978

Singaporemma Shear, 1978: 36 . Type species by original designation Singaporemma singularis Shear, 1978 (= S. singulare Shear, 1978 ) from Singapore.

Rediagnosis. Males of Singaporemma are distinguished from those of the other genera of Tetrablemmidae by the following combination of characters: lack of a modified process on the clypeus and chelicerae ( Figs 1G , 3G ), swollen palpal tibia ( Figs 2A–B , 4D–E , 6A–H ), oval bulb with a long embolus originating from the mesial side of the bulb ( Fig. 6A–H ), and a sharp embolic tip (if not, bifurcate ) ( Fig. 6a–h ). Diagnostic characters for the females are: small, oval epigynal pit opening at the margin of the pulmonary plate ( Figs 2D , 5B , 7C ), vulva with distinctly sclerotized copulatory channel, paired vulval ducts with sclerotized walls at their base ( Figs 2E , 5D , 7A–C , 8A–B , 9A–B ), the central process and inner vulval plate at least one present ( Figs 2E , 7A–B , 9A–B ), or both ( Figs 5C–D , 7C , 8A–B ).

Composition. S. adjacens Lehtinen, 1981 , S. banxiaoensis Lin & Li, 2014 , S. bifurcata Lin & Li, 2010 , S. halongense Lehtinen, 1981 , S. lenachanae Lin & Li, 2017 , S. singulare Shear, 1978 , S. takensis Yan & Lin , sp. n., and S. wulongensis Lin & Li, 2014 .

Distribution. China (Chongqing, Guizhou, and Guangxi), Vietnam, Thailand, and Singapore ( Fig. 10 ).

Figures

FIGURE 1. Singaporemma bifurcata Lin & Li, 2010 A–C, male habitus; D–F, female habitus; G, male prosoma; H, female prosoma. A, D, dorsal; B, E, ventral; C, F, lateral; G, H, anterior. Scale bars: 0.50 for A–F, 0.20 for G–H.

FIGURE 2. Singaporemma bifurcata Lin & Li, 2010 A, male left palp, prolateral; B, ditto, retrolateral; C, female opisthosoma, ventral; D, genital area, ventral; E, genital area (lactic acid-treated), ventral. Scale bars: 0.20.

FIGURE 3. Singaporemma takensis sp. n. male holotype (A–B, E, G) and female paratype (C–D, F, H). A–F, habitus; G–H, prosoma. A, C, dorsal; B, D, ventral; E–F, lateral; G–H, anterior. Scale bars: 0.50 for A–F, 0.20 for G–H.

FIGURE 4. Singaporemma takensis sp. n. male holotype. A, Palpal bulb, ventral; B, embolus, prolateral; C, left palp, anterior; D, ditto, prolateral; E, ditto, retrolateral. Scale bars: 0.20 for A, C–E, 0.05 for B.

FIGURE 5. Singaporemma takensis sp. n. female paratype. A, opisthosoma, ventral; B, genital area, ventral; C, genital area (lactic acid-treated), ventral; D, vulva (lactic acid-treated), dorsal. Scale bars: 0.20 for A–B, 0.10 for C–D.

FIGURE 6. Singaporemma spp. male left palp (A–H) and embolic tips (a–h). A–a, S. halongense (paratype); B–b, S. banxiaoensis (holotype); C–c, S. singulare (holotype); D–d, S. lenachanae (paratype); E–e, S. wulongensis (holotype); F–f, S. bifurcata (topotype); G–g, S. takensis sp. n. (holotype); H–h, S. adjacens (holotype, photographed by Dr. Seppo Koponen). A– G, a–g, prolateral; H, h, retrolateral. Scale bars: 0.10 for A–H, 0.05 for a–h.

FIGURE 7. Singaporemma spp. female genital area and cleared vulva (A–C). A, S. adjacens B, S. halongense C, S. banxiaoensis (paratype); A–B, ventral (cited from Lehtinen, 1981, slightly modified); C, dorsal. Scale bars: 0.10.

FIGURE 8. Singaporemma spp. female genital area and cleared vulva (A–B). A, S. bifurcata (topotype); B, S. wulongensis (paratype); A–B, ventral. Scale bars: 0.10.

FIGURE 9. Singaporemma spp. female genital area and cleared vulva (A–B). A, S. singulare (specimen from type locality); B, S. lenachanae (paratype); A–B, ventral. Scale bars: 0.10.

FIGURE 10. Distribution records of Singaporemma spp. in the world. White balloon—S. adjacens; Blue balloon—S. banxiaoensis; Red-black circle—S. bifurcata; Red round—S. halongense; Red triangle—S. lenachanae; Red balloon—S. singulare; Red-black concentric circle—S. takensis sp. n.; Yellow square—S. wulongensis.