Megaclavatula grunerti, Harzhauser & Landau & Janssen, 2022

Harzhauser, Mathias, Landau, Bernard & Janssen, Ronald, 2022, The Clavatulidae (Gastropoda, Conoidea) of the Miocene Paratethys Sea with considerations on fossil and extant Clavatulidae genera, Zootaxa 5123 (1), pp. 1-172 : 67-68

Megaclavatula grunerti nov. sp.

Figs 21C 1 –C 3 , D 1 –D 3, 3Q , 5 , 6

Pleurotoma tuberculata Münster —Münster in Goldfuss 1841: 20, pl. 171, figs 6b (only) [non Pleurotoma tuberculata Pusch, 1837 ].

Pleurotoma asperulata Lam. — Hörnes 1854: 341, pl. 37, figs 4a–b [non Megaclavatula asperulata ( Lamarck, 1822) ].

Clavatula c.f. Evae R. Hoernes i Auinger— Friedberg 1912: 195, pl. 12, fig. 10 [non Megaclavatula evae ( Hoernes & Auinger, 1891) ].

Clavatula Evae R. Hoernes i Auinger var.— Friedberg 1912: 195, text-fig. 48 [non Megaclavatula evae ( Hoernes & Auinger, 1891) ].

Clavatula Evae R. Hoernes i Auinger— Friedberg 1938: 143 [non Megaclavatula evae ( Hoernes & Auinger, 1891) ].

C [lavatula]. (C [lavatula]) asperulata (Lm.) — Sieber 1958a: 157 (partim) [non Megaclavatula asperulata ( Lamarck, 1822) ].

Clavatula asperulata cf. evae Hoernes et Auinger — Csepreghy-Meznerics 1972: 32, pl. 15, fig. 19 [non Megaclavatula evae ( Hoernes & Auinger, 1891) ].

Clavatula polonica (Pusch, 1837) — Bałuk 2003: 36 (partim), pl. 1, figs 4–6, pl. 2, figs 3, 5 [non Megaclavatula polonica (Pusch, 1837) ].

Type material. Holotype: NHMW 2021 /0133/0001, SL: 77.8 mm, MD: 26.3 mm, Enzesfeld ( Austria), figs 21C 1 – C 3 . Paratypes: NHMW 2021 /0127/0003, SL: 73.5 mm , MD: 25.1 mm, Enzesfeld ( Austria) , figs 21D 1 –D3, 3Q; NHMW 2015 /0389/0482, 1 spec., Enzesfeld ( Austria) ; NHMW 2992 z0181/0245, 1 spec., Gainfarn ( Austria) , SMF 351869 /3, Grund ( Austria) ; NHMW 1857 /0024/0027, 2 spec., Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania) .

Additional studied material. NHMW 1849 /0005/0044, Guntersdorf ( Austria) , SL: 61.0 mm, MD: 22.7 mm, illustrated in Hoernes & Auinger (1891, pl. 44, figs 5a–b); Guntersdorf ( Austria) ; NHMW 2021 /0135/0001, 10 spec., Guntersdorf ( Austria) ; NHMW 1851 /0026/0044, 3 spec., Grund ( Austria) ; NHMW 1851 /0002/0054, 12 spec., Grund ( Austria) .

Type locality. Enzesfeld ( Austria), Vienna Basin .

Type stratum. Silty sand of the Baden Formation.

Age. Middle Miocene, middle Badenian (late Langhian).

Etymology. In honor of Patrick Grunert (University Köln, Germany), in recognition of his contribution on Paratethyan oceanography.

Diagnosis. Shell large, solid, moderately broad fusiform with tripartite sculpture of beaded spiral cords on early teleoconch whorls and weak subsutural collar with small, pointed tubercles on later whorls. Slightly inflated, convex periphery on last whorl. Spiral sculpture weakening, becoming subobsolete on penultimate and last whorls.

Description. Shell large, solid, moderately broad fusiform with conical spire; apical angle ~30–35°. Protoconch not preserved. Teleoconch of at least ten whorls, initially flat-sided, becoming distinctly concave on sixth teleoconch whorl, concavity decreasing again on later whorls, which rapidly increase in height. Early teleoconch whorls with tripartite spiral sculpture comprising prominent, beaded subsutural cord, slightly weaker, beaded cord in concave mid-whorl portion, and prominent coarsely beaded suprasutural cord. Delicate spiral threads may appear on adsutural cords. Sculpture changing around fifth to sixth teleoconch whorl; subsutural cord becomes weak subsutural collar with low, wide-spaced, spiny, trigonal tubercles placed some distance below suture; mid-whorl cord weakens and disappears. Beads on suprasutural cord weaken to form broad, low, poorly developed tubercles partly covered by subsequent whorl. Fine spiral threads cover entire shell surface, overriding beads at abapical suture; sculpture further weakening on last two whorls. Suture narrowly incised, weakly undulating. Last whorl ~55–60% of total height, poorly delimited spinous subsutural collar. Weakly concave subsutural ramp. Rounded moderately inflated shoulder, weakly delimited shoulder. Base moderately constricted, spiral sculpture weak. Siphonal fasciole of medium length, moderately delimited, twisted.Aperture moderately wide, pyriform; outer lip not thickened, smooth within. Anal sinus wide, moderately deep to deep, asymmetrically V-shaped, with apex below subsutural collar in deepest part of subsutural concavity. Siphonal canal moderately long, wide, twisted and recurved, shallowly notched at tip. Columella weakly excavated in upper third, weakly twisted below, smooth. Columellar and parietal callus thickened, sharply delimited, forming broad callus rim, without forming pseudoumbilicus.

Discussion. Surprisingly, this large species has been overlooked so far by previous authors because the shells were either confused with M. asperulata ( Lamarck, 1822) (Hoernes 1854; Sieber 1958a), M. evae ( Hoernes & Auinger, 1891) ( Friedberg 1912; Csepreghy-Meznerics 1972) or with M. polonica (Pusch, 1837) ( Bałuk 2003) . The northeastern Atlantic M. asperulata ( Lamarck, 1822) is smaller, has more prominent, spiny tubercles and prominent spiral cords on the base (see Peyrot 1931, pl. 5 figs 3–5, 9). Megaclavatula grunerti nov. sp. is reminiscent of M. evae ( Hoernes & Auinger, 1891) , but differs from that species in its slightly wider spire angle, more concave early teleoconch whorls, the tuberculate subsutural collar, the more convex periphery of the last whorl, the more constricted base, the absence of weakly tuberculate basal and peribasal cords and the prominent spiral sculpture. A separation from M. polonica is clearly based on the broader outline and markedly spinose sculpture of M. polonica . The morphologically closest species is ‘C. ’ tortonica Peyrot, 1931 , from the middle Miocene of France, which is even more slender and has much more prominent spiral sculpture, which persists onto the base (see Peyrot 1931, pl. 5, figs 19, 24 30-31). The high, slender spire distinguishes M. grunerti from M. laevigata ( Eichwald, 1830) .

Paleoenvironment. Coastal inner neritic environments with sea grass based on occurrences at Gainfarn and Enzesfeld ( Austria) ( Zuschin et al. 2007).

Distribution in Central Paratethys. Badenian (middle Miocene): North Alpine-Carpathian Foreland Basin: Guntersdorf, Grund ( Austria) ( Hoernes & Auinger 1891); Korytnica Basin: Korytnica ( Poland) ( Friedberg 1912; Bałuk 2003); Vienna Basin: Enzesfeld, Gainfarn ( Austria) (hoc opus); Bükk Mountains: Borsodbóta ( Hungary) ( Csepreghy-Meznerics 1972); Făget Basin: Lăpugiu de Sus ( Romania) (hoc opus).

Figures

FIGURE 1. A. Map of central and south–eastern Europe, representing the area that was partly covered by the Central Paratethys Sea. The white insert corresponds to the area that is restored in the palaeogeographic map below. B. Paleogeography of the Middle Miocene Paratethys Sea showing the most important sedimentary basins (NAFB: North Alpine Foreland Basin, E.-Sopr B: Eisenstadt–Sopron Basin).

FIGURE 3. Early teleoconch whorls of extant and fossil Clavatulidae species. A. Clavatula regia (Röding, 1798), NHMW 1683 6/28, West Africa. B. Clavatula rubrifasciata (Reeve, 1845), NHMW 10203, Gorée (Senegal). C. ‘Clavatula’ diadema (Kiener, 1839), NHMW 1884/0010/0023, Gorée (Senegal). D. ‘Clavatula’ mystica (Reeve, 1843), MNHN-IM-2013-59897, Est de l'ile de Gorée (Senegal). E. ‘Clavatula’ bimarginata (Lamarck, 1822), MNHN-IM-2013-43369, Dakar (Senegal). F. ‘Clavatula’ pyramidata (Kiener, 1839), MNHN-IM-2009-24982, Baie de Pointe-Noire (Republique du Congo). G. Clavatula sorini nov. sp., paratype, NHMW 1874/0025/0046, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). H. ‘Clavatula’ romana (Defrance, 1826), NHMW 1999/0098/0004, Modra-Kráľová (Slovakia). I. ‘Clavatula’ interrupta (Brocchi, 1814), NHMW 1861/0033/0420, Buituri (Romania). J. ‘Clavatula’ hirmetzli Kovács & Vicián, 2021, NHMW 1868/0001/0069, Baden-Sooss (Austria). K. ‘Clavatula’ irisae nov. sp., NHMW 2021/0126/0001, holotype, Gainfarn (Austria). L. ‘Clavatula’ sophiae (Hoernes & Auinger, 1891), lectotype, NHMW 2021/0127/0001, Enzesfeld (Austria). M. ‘Clavatula’ veronicae (Hoernes &Auinger, 1891), NHMW 1855/0043/0044b, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). N. ‘Clavatula’ santhai Kovács & Vicián, 2021, holotype, HNHM, PAL 2021.20.1, Letkés (Hungary).O. ‘Clavatula’ camillae (Hoernes &Auinger, 1891), lectotype, NHMW 1949/0005/0042, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). P. Megaclavatula amaliae (Hoernes & Auinger, 1891), lectotype, NHMW 1949/0005/0049, Lăpugiu de Sus (Romania). Q. Megaclavatula grunerti nov. sp., paratype, NHMW 2021/0127/0003, Enzesfeld (Austria). R. Megaclavatula laevigata (Eichwald, 1830), NHMW 1853/0038/0035a, Korytnica (Poland). S. Megaclavatula pilleri nov. sp., holotype, NHMW 1949/0005/0051a, Baden-Sooss (Austria). T. Megaclavatula polonica (Pusch, 1837), NHMW 1862/0001/0324, Bad Vöslau (Austria).U. Granulatocincta angelae (Hoernes &Auinger, 1891), paralectotype, NHMW 1949/0005/0099, Möllersdorf (Austria). V. Granulatocincta granulatocincta (Münster in Goldfuss, 1841), NHMW 1846/0028/0009, Enzesfeld (Austria). W. Granulatocincta nataliae (Hoernes & Auinger, 1891), NHMW 1855/0035/0021, holotype, Belgrade/Rakovica (Serbia). X. Granulatocincta schreibersi (Hörnes, 1854), paralectotype, NHMW1997z0178/1133, Bad Vöslau (Austria).Y. Granulatocincta callim nov. sp., paratype, NHMW 2021/0128/0001, Bad Sauerbrunn (Austria). Z. Granulatocincta contorta (Švagrovský, 1958), holotype, SNMB Z 3076, Kuzmice (Slovakia), Aa. Granulatocincta theoderichi nov. sp., paratype, NHMW 2016/0026/0320b, Ritzing (Austria). Ab. Olegia doderleini (Hörnes, 1854), paralectotype, NHMW 1858/0015/0147, Wiesen (Austria). Ac. Olegia mandici nov. sp., paratype, NHMW 1872/0031/0008a, Bekića vrelo, Čremušnica at Donji Kirin (Croatia). Ae. Olegia dorotheae (Hoernes & Auinger, 1891), paralectotype, NHMW 1949/0005/0040, Kleinebersdorf (Austria). Scale bar is 5 mm for all specimens except for Granulatocincta contorta, Olegia doderleini and O. mandici.

FIGURE 5. Anal sinus morphology of Paratethyan Clavatulidae.

FIGURE 6. Apertures of Paratethyan Clavatulidae (C. = Clavatula, ‘C.’ = ‘Clavatula’, G. = Granulatocincta, M. = Megaclavaltula, O. = Olegia).

FIGURE 21 A1–A3. Megaclavatula evae (Hoernes & Auinger, 1891), paralectotype, NHMW 1949/0005/0047b, Guntersdorf (Austria). B1–B3. Megaclavatula evae (Hoernes & Auinger, 1891), lectotype, NHMW 1949/0005/0047a, Guntersdorf (Austria). C1–C3. Megaclavatula grunerti nov. sp., holotype, NHMW A1382, Enzesfeld (Austria), D1–D3. Megaclavatula grunerti nov. sp., paratype, NHMW 2021/0127/0003, Enzesfeld (Austria). E1–E3. Megaclavatula laevigata (Eichwald, 1830), NHMW 1853/0038/0035b, Korytnica (Poland). F1–F3. Megaclavatula laevigata (Eichwald, 1830), NHMW 1853/0038/0035a, Korytnica (Poland).