Stenaelurillus glaber Wesołowska & Russell-Smith, 2011

Logunov, Dmitri V. & Azarkina, Galina N., 2018, Redefinition and partial revision of the genus Stenaelurillus Simon, 1886 (Arachnida, Araneae, Salticidae), European Journal of Taxonomy 430, pp. 1-126 : 41-47

Stenaelurillus glaber Wesołowska & Russell-Smith, 2011

Figs 156–164 , 511

Stenaelurillus glaber Wesołowska & Russell-Smith, 2011: 593 , figs 151–152, 238–240 (D♂); ♂ holotype in BMNH, examined.

Diagnosis

By the conformation of the copulatory organs ( Figs 156–160 ), the males of S. glaber are almost identical to those of S. hirsutus ( Figs 239–242 , 246–251 ), S. pilosus ( Figs 406–410 ) and S. striolatus ( Figs 463– 467 ). Males of all these species can easily be distinguished by the clypeal colour pattern: yellow clypeus with long sparse white hairs in S. glaber ( Fig. 161 ), black with three vertical white stripes in S. hirsutus ( Fig. 255 ), with a transverse dark brown band in S. pilosus ( Fig. 413 ), and entirely dark brown/black in S. striolatus ( Fig. 468 ). The shape of the distal projection (DP) of the functional tegulum also seems to be diagnostic (compare Fig. 156 with Figs 246 , 406 , 463 ). The female of S. glaber has not been described yet and cannot be diagnosed now.

Material examined

Holotype

NIGERIA: ♂, Kwara State, Mokwa , 9°17′34.1″ N, 5°03′16.8″ E, cultivated savanna, in dead leaves, 13 Jul. 1974, A. Russell-Smith leg. ( BMNH).

Paratype

NIGERIA: 1 ♂, same collecting data as for holotype ( BMNH).

Description

Male (holotype)

Measurements: carapace: 2.55 long, 1.75 wide, 1.30 high. Abdomen: 2.05 long, 1.40 wide. Ocular area: 1.18 long, 1.60 wide anteriorly, 1.56 wide posteriorly. Cheliceral length 0.50. Clypeal height 0.20. Diameter of AME 0.50. Length of leg segments: I 1.28 + 0.70 + 0.75 + 0.60 + 0.53 (3.86); II 1.30 + 0.63 + 0.75 + 0.58 + 0.50 (3.76); III 1.95 + 0.90 + 1.25 + 1.40 + 0.58 (4.08); IV 1.68 + 0.70 + 1.13 + 1.38 + 0.60 (5.49). Leg formula IV,III,I,II. Leg spination: I: Fm d 0-1-1-5; Pt pr 0-1-0; Tb pr 1-1, v 1-2- 2ap; Mt pr and rt 1ap, v 2-2ap. II: Fm d 0-1-2-5; Pt pr 0-1-0; Tb pr 1-1-1, rt 0-1-1, v 1-1-2ap; Mt pr and rt 1-1ap, v 2-2ap. III: Fm d 0-1-2-4; Pt pr and rt 0-1-0; Tb d 1-0-0, pr 1-1-1-1, rt 1-1-1, v 1-0-2ap; Mt d 1-0-0, pr and rt 1-0-2ap, v 0-2-2ap. IV: Fm d 0-1-1-4; Pt pr and rt 0-1-0; Tb d 1-0-0, pr and rt 1-1-1, v 1-0-2ap; Mt d 1-0-0, pr and rt 1-1-2ap, v 0-2-2ap. Coloration (in alcohol; Figs 161–164 ). Carapace yellowish brown, densely covered with recumbent brown scales, with two pairs (dorsal and marginal) of wide longitudinal white stripes of recumbent scales. Eye field dark brown, with numerous short protruding brown bristles. Clypeus brownish yellow, sparsely covered with long white hairs. Eyes of the first row are ventrally edged by dense white hairs and scales. Sternum, labium, endites and chelicerae yellow. Abdomen: dorsum dark brown, with three large white spots on its rear half; sides and venter greyish yellow. Book-lung covers yellow. Spinnerets brown. Legs yellow, but all Fm dorso-distally with patches of brown recumbent scales. Palps entirely yellow. Palpal structure as in Figs 156–160 : VTA bulge-shaped, poorly marked; RTA straight, stiletto-shaped, directed anteriad, with a wide base; the cymbial lateral process (CLP) absent; the tegulum small, with a short, cone-shaped tegular process (TP); the functional tegulum swollen, with well-developed proximal (PP) and distal (DP) projections; the embolus short, ribbon-shaped, with a wide round base.

Female

Unknown.

Distribution

The type locality only ( Fig. 511 ).

Stenaelurillus guttatus ( Wesołowska & Cumming, 2002) comb. nov. Figs 8–9 , 16–17 , 165–183 , 511

Mashonarus guttatus Wesołowska & Cumming, 2002: 167 , figs 1–19 (D♂ ♀); ♂ holotype in MRAC, examined.

Diagnosis

By the conformation of the copulatory organs (the well-marked proximal projection of the functional tegulum, the stiletto-shaped embolus and the developed cymbial lateral projection, etc.), S. guttatus comb. nov. is most similar to S. brandbergensis comb. nov. and S. pseudoguttatus sp. nov. (cf. Figs 90– 94 , 99–100 , and 416–420). The males of S. guttatus comb. nov. differ in having a pointed distal projection (wide and obtuse in S. brandbergensis comb. nov., absent in S. pseudoguttatus sp. nov.) and the shortest RTA (as compared with the two related species). The females differ in having comparatively long insemination ducts (very short in S. brandbergensis comb. nov., not yet known in S. pseudoguttatus sp. nov., cf. Figs 172 and 100).

Material examined

Holotype

ZIMBABWE: ♂, Harare, 17°15′ S, 31°02′ E, garden, Jun. 1992, M.S. Cumming leg. ( MRAC HT.211.425).

Paratype

ZIMBABWE: 1 ♀, together with the holotype ( MRAC PT.211.426).

Other material

BOTSWANA: 1 ♀, North East Distr., nr Francistown, Selkirk Mine, 21°19′ S, 27°43′ E, pitfall traps, 6 Jun.–22 Jul. 2008, D.H. Jacobs leg. ( NCA 2016/1741); 1 ♂, same locality, pitfall traps, 30 Oct.–6 Nov. 2007, D.H. Jacobs leg. ( NCA 2016/1742); 8 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀, same locality, pitfall traps, 1–28 Mar. 2008, D.H. Jacobs leg. ( NCA 2009/3736, NCA 2016/1743).

ZAMBIA: 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀, Livingstone airport, 17°49′ S, 25°49′ E, leaf litter, 1 Dec. 2006, C.R. Haddad, J. Parau and F. Jordaan leg. ( NCA 2007/884); 7 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, Namwala Kafue NP, 15°46′ S, 26°00′ E, leaf litter, 7 Dec. 2006, C.R. Haddad and J. Parau leg. ( NCA 2007/573).

Remarks

The original type series of Mashonarus guttatus turned out to include two species. The male paratype from Namibia (MRAC 152.151) actually belongs to a separate and new species that is described below as S. pseudoguttatus sp. nov.

Description

Male (holotype)

Measurements: carapace: 2.70 long, 2.00 wide, 1.15 high. Abdomen: 2.50 long, 1.90 wide. Ocular area: 1.15 long, 1.48 wide anteriorly, 1.35 wide posteriorly. Cheliceral length 0.98. Clypeal height 0.15. Diameter of AME 0.43. Length of leg segments: I 1.70 + 0.93 + 1.35 + 1.10 + 0.55 (5.63); II 1.45 + 0.78 + 0.88 + 0.78 + 0.48 (4.37); III 1.80 + 0.98 + 0.80 + 1.25 + 0.53 (5.36); IV 1.55 + 0.78 + 1.18 + 1.43 + 0.58 (5.52). Leg formula I,IV,III,II. Leg spination: I: Fm d 0-1-1-5; Tb pr 2-1, v 1-1-2ap; Mt pr 1ap, v 2-2ap. II: Fm d 0-1-1-5; Tb pr 1-1, v 1-1-2ap; Mt pr 1-1ap, v 2-2ap. III: Fm d 0-1-1-5; Pt pr 0-1 0; Tb pr 1-1, rt 1-1-1, v 1-0-2ap; Mt d 1-1, pr and rt 0-2-2ap, v 0-2-2ap. IV: Fm d 0-1-1-3; Pt pr 0-1-0; Tb pr and rt 1-1-1, v 1-0-2ap; Mt d 1-1-0, pr, rt and v 1-1-2ap. Coloration (in alcohol; Figs 173–179 ). Carapace yellowish brown, with dark brown eye field, densely covered with long, recumbent brown scales; clypeus yellowish brown, sparsely covered with brown hairs. Sternum yellowish brown, densely covered with white hairs. Endites and labium yellowish brown. Chelicerae light brown. Abdomen: dorsum dark brown, with three pairs of white spots and white anal tubercle ( Fig. 175 ); sides and venter greyish yellow. Book-lung covers grayish yellow. Spinnerets brownish. All legs: coxae and trochanters yellow, Fm, Pt and Tb brownish, Mt and Tr yellowish brown. Palps brownish. Palpal structure as in Figs 165–170 ; VTA bulge-shaped; RTA straight, stiletto-shape, directed anteriad; the cymbium with a well-developed cymbial lateral process; the tegulum small, poorly marked, without a visible tegular process; the functional tegulum narrow-elongated, with well-developed, wide and obtuse proximal projection (PP) and with a long, cone-shaped distal projection (DP); the embolus long, small swordshaped, with a wide round base.

Female (paratype)

Measurements: carapace: 2.65 long, 1.95 wide, 1.05 high. Abdomen: 3.20 long, 2.63 wide. Ocular area: 1.05 long, 1.38 wide anteriorly, 1.35 wide posteriorly. Cheliceral length 0.68. Clypeal height 0.15. Diameter of AME 0.43. Length of leg segments: I 1.30 + 0.75 + 0.83 + 0.73 + 0.48 (4.09); II 1.30 + 0.75 + 0.75 + 0.70 + 0.40 (3.90); III 1.70 + 0.95 + 1.05 + 1.18 + 0.55 (5.43); IV 1.70 + 0.83 + 1.10 + 1.48 + 0.63 (5.74). Leg formula IV, III,I,II. Leg spination: I: Fm d 0-1-1-4; Tb pr 1-2, v 1-1-2ap; Mt pr 1ap, v 2-2ap. II: Fm d 0-1-2-4; Tb pr 1-1, v 1-1-2ap; Mt pr 1-1ap, v 2-2ap. III: Fm d 0-1-2-4; Pt pr and rt 0-1-0; Tb d 1-0, pr and rt 1-1-1, v 1-2ap; Mt d 1-1-0, pr and rt 1-2ap, v 2-2ap. IV: Fm d 0-1-1-3; Pt pr and rt 0-1-0; Tb d 1-0, pr and rt 1-1-1, v 1-2ap; Mt d 1-1-0, pr and rt 1-1-2ap, v 2-0-2ap. Coloration (in alcohol; Figs 180–183 ). Carapace yellowish brown, with dark brown eye field, densely covered with long recumbent brown scales; there are two longitudinal white stripes of scales and white marginal bands of scales; clypeus and cheeks yellowish brown, sparsely covered with brown hairs. Sternum yellow, tinged with brown and densely covered with white hairs. Endites and labium yellow, tinged with brown. Chelicerae yellow, tinged with brown. Abdomen: dorsum dark brown, with three pairs of white spots and wide white lateral stripes; sides and venter yellow. Book-lung covers yellow. Spinnerets yellow, tinged with grey. All legs: coxae and trochanters yellow, the remaining segments yellowish brown. Palps yellowish brown. Epigyne and spermathecae as in Figs 171–172 ; the epigynal plate flat, with no visible structures; the copulatory openings small, round and widely separated; the insemination ducts short, as S-shaped tubes directed towards each other; the primary spermathecae bean-shaped.

Distribution

Botswana, Zambia, Zimbabwe ( Fig. 511 ) ( Wesołowska & Cumming 2002: sub Mashonarus g.; present data). New to Botswana and Zambia.

Figures

Figs 156–164. Stenaelurillus glaber Wesołowska & Russell-Smith, 2011, holotype, ♂ (156–160) and paratype, ³ from Nigeria (Mokwa) (161–164). 156. Male palp, ventral view. 157. Male palp, retrolateral view. 158. Embolic division, dorsal view. 159. Embolic division, median view. 160. Embolic division, retrolateral view. 161–164. General appearance. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bars: 156–160 = 0.1 mm; 161–164 = 1 mm.

Figs 239–245. Stenaelurillus hirsutus Lessert, 1927, holotype. 239. Male palp, ventral view. 240. Embolic division, retrolateral view. 241. Embolic division, dorsal view. 242. Embolic division, median view. 243–245. General appearance. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bars: 239–242 = 0.1 mm; 243–245 = 1 mm.

Figs 246–251. Stenaelurillus hirsutus Lessert, 1927 (holotype of Stenaelurillus cristatus Wesołowska & Russell-Smith, 2000). 246. Male palp, ventral view. 247. Male palp, retrolateral view. 248. Male palp, dorsal view. 249. Embolic division, ventral view. 250. Embolic division, median view. 251. Embolic division, retrolateral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Figs 406–412. Stenaelurillus pilosus Wesołowska & Russell-Smith, 2011, holotype, ♂, and paratype, ♀. 406. Male palp, ventral view. 407. Male palp, retrolateral view. 408–410. Embolic division. 408. Dorsal view. 409. Median view. 410. Retrolateral view. 411. Spermathecae, dorsal view. 412. Epigyne, ventral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Figs 463–471. Stenaelurillus striolatus Wesołowska & Russell-Smith, 2011, holotype, ♂. 463. Palp, ventral view. 464. Palp, retrolateral view. 465. Embolic division, dorsal view. 466. Embolic division, median view. 467. Embolic division, retrolateral view. 468–471. General appearance. Scale bars: 463– 467 = 0.1 mm; 468–471 = 0.5 mm.

Figs 252–257. Stenaelurillus hirsutus Lessert, 1927 (holotype of Stenaelurillus cristatus Wesołowska & Russell-Smith, 2000) from Tanzania (Mkomazi GR), general appearance. Scale bars: 1 mm

Figs 413–416. Stenaelurillus pilosus Wesołowska & Russell-Smith, 2011, holotype, ♂, general appearance. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Fig. 511. Collecting localities of six African species of Stenaelurillus Simon, 1885.

Figs 1–13. Trichobothrial bases (1–3, 5–8), tarsal organs (4, 9), left chelicerae (10–12) and right endite (13) of Stenaelurillus Simon, 1885. 1–2. S. nigricaudus Simon, 1886, ♀. 1. Tb 1. 2. Tr 1. 3. S. hirsutus Lessert, 1927, ♀, Tr 2. 4–7. S. termitophagus (Wesołowska & Cumming, 1999) comb. nov., ♀. 4. Tr 1. 5. Mt 1. 6. Tr 2. 7. Tr 1. 8–9. S. guttatus (Wesołowska & Cumming, 2002) comb. nov., ♀. 8. Tr 1. 9. Tr 1. 10. S. nigricaudus Simon, 1886, ♀. 11. S. termitophagus comb. nov., ♀. 12. S. darwini Wesołowska & Russell-Smith, 2000, ♀. 13. S. albopunctatus Caporiacco, 1949, ♂, right endite. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bars: 1–9 = 5 µm; 10–12 = 0.25 mm; 13 = 0.1 mm.

Figs 14–29. Tarsal claws of legs 1 in females of Stenaelurillus Simon, 1886, scanning electron micrographs. 14–15. S. nigricaudus Simon, 1886. 14. Retrolateral. 15. Prolateral. 16–17. S. guttatus (Wesołowska & Cumming, 2002) comb. nov. 16. Retrolateral. 17. Prolateral. 18–19. S. termitophagus (Wesołowska & Cumming, 1999) comb. nov. 18. Retrolateral. 19. Prolateral. 20–21. S. fuscatus Wesołowska & Russell-Smith, 2000. 20. Retrolateral. 21. Prolateral. 22–23. S. guttiger (Simon, 1901). 22. Retrolateral. 23. Prolateral. 24–25. Aelurillus v-insignitus (Clerck, 1757). 24. Retrolateral. 25. Prolateral. 26–27. Phlegra fasciata (Hahn, 1826). 26. Retrolateral. 27. Prolateral. 28–29. Langona bristowei Berland & Millot, 1941. 28. Retrolateral. 29. Prolateral. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Figs 165–172. Stenaelurillus guttatus (Wesołowska & Cumming, 2002) comb. nov., holotype, ♂ (165–170) and paratype, ♀ (171–172). 165. Male palp, ventral view. 166. Male palp, retrolateral view. 167. Male palp, dorsal view. 168. Embolic division, dorsal view. 169. Embolic division, median view. 170. Embolic division, retrolateral view. 171. Epigyne, ventral view. 172. Spermathecae, dorsal view. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Figs 173–179. Stenaelurillus guttatus (Wesołowska & Cumming, 2002) comb. nov., ♂, from Zambia (Namwala Kafue NP; NCA 2007/573), general appearance. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figs 180–183. Stenaelurillus guttatus (Wesołowska & Cumming, 2002) comb. nov., ♀, from Botswana (near Francistown; NCA 2007/573), general appearance. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figs 90–98. Stenaelurillus brandbergensis (Wesołowska, 2006), paratype, ♂ from Namibia (MRAC 216.021). 90. Palp, ventral view. 91. Palp, retrolateral view. 92. Embolic division, retrolateral view. 93. Embolic division, dorsal view. 94. Embolic division, median view. 95–98. General appearance. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bars: 90–94 = 0.1 mm; 95–98 = 1 mm.

Figs 99–104. Stenaelurillus brandbergensis (Wesołowska, 2006), paratype, ♀ from Namibia (MRAC 216.021). 99. Epigyne, ventral view. 100. Spermathecae, dorsal view. 101–104. General appearance. Scale bars: 99–100 = 0.1 mm; 101–104 = 1 mm.