Stenaelurillus strandi Caporiacco, 1939

Logunov, Dmitri V. & Azarkina, Galina N., 2018, Redefinition and partial revision of the genus Stenaelurillus Simon, 1886 (Arachnida, Araneae, Salticidae), European Journal of Taxonomy 430, pp. 1-126 : 101-108

Stenaelurillus strandi Caporiacco, 1939

Figs 454–462 , 510

Stenaelurillus strandi Caporiacco, 1939: 374 , fig. 24 (D♂); ♂ holotype in MSNF, examined.

Diagnosis

This species differs from all other described species of Stenaelurillus in having the smallest and thinnest, almost spine-shaped embolus ( Figs 457–458 ).

Material examined

Holotype

ETHIOPIA: ♂, Moyale , 3°32′23.9″ N, 39°03′10.2″ E, “paese Borana, Maggio 1937, leg. Zava Hali ” [in the original description ( Caporiacco 1939: 374) the date is given as 15 May 1937] ( MSNF 411 ).

Other material

ETHIOPIA: 1 ♂, El Banno [apparently Banno, 4°51′ N, 37°24′E], 30 Apr. 1939, Missione Biologica Sagan-Omo, 1939, E. Zavattari leg. ( MSNF).

Remarks

The female of S. strandi remains unknown. However, it is likely that either S. sudanicus ( Figs 448–453 ; see also Wesołowska 2014b: fig. 12B–C), or S. siyamae sp. nov. (see above; Figs 442–447 ), both known only from single females from Sudan, might actually be the female of S. strandi . The matter requires special attention in the future, when both sexes have been collected together for all these species.

Description

Male (holotype)

Measurements: carapace: 2.90 long, 2.25 wide, 1.60 high. Abdomen: 2.60 long, 1.85 wide. Ocular area: 1.20 long, 1.55 wide anteriorly, 1.53 wide posteriorly. Cheliceral length 0.28. Clypeal height 0.28. Diameter of AME 0.45. Length of leg segments: I 1.50 + 0.70 + 0.80 + 0.70 + 0.60 (4.30); II 1.45 + 0.70 + 0.80 +0.80 + 0.55 (4.30); III 1.95 + 0.80 + 1.30 + 1.50 + (Tr is missing); IV 1.95 + 0.90 + 1.30 + 1.75 + 0.79 (4.69). Leg formula IV/III,II/I (Tr III is missing). Leg spination: I: Fm d 0-1-1-5; Pt pr 0-1-0; Tb pr 1-1, v 0-1-1ap; Mt pr and rt 1-1ap, v 2-2ap. II: Fm d 0-1-1-5; Pt pr 0-1-0; Tb pr and rt 1-1-1, v 2-2ap; Mt pr and rt 1-1ap. III: Fm d 0-1-1-5; Pt pr and rt 0-1-0; Tb d 1-0-0, pr and rt 1-1-1, v 1-1-0-1ap; Mt d 0-1-0, pr and rt 1-1ap, v 0-1-1ap. IV: Fm d 0-1-1-4; Pt pr and rt 0-1-0; Tb d 1-0-0, pr and rt 1-1-1, v 1-0-1ap; Mt d 1-0-0, pr and rt 1-1-2ap, v 1-2-2ap. Coloration (in alcohol; Figs 461–462 ). Carapace red-brown, covered with brown scales; eye field dark brown, densely covered with protruding bristles; clypeus and chelicerae dark brown, sparsely covered with white hairs. Sternum yellowish brown, covered with long white hairs. Labium and endites light brown. Abdomen: dorsum and sides dark red-brown; dorsum with red-brown shining scutum covering almost its full length and anteriorly with bunch of long brown hairs; venter yellow, with two longitudinal brown lines. Book-lung covers yellowish brown. Spinnerets

long and light yellow, but the dorsal pair with dark brown apices. All legs: coxae yellowish brown, covered with white hairs; remaining segments brown, sparsely covered with white and brown hairs, but Mt and Tr I ventrally black. Palps brownish yellow. Palpal structure as in Figs 454–460 : VTA bulgeshaped; RTA straight, finger-shaped, with an obtuse tip; the cymbial lateral process (CLP) is marked; the tegulum small, poorly marked, with a well-developed tegular process (TP); the functional tegulum swollen, with a well-developed proximal projection (PP); embolus short, spine-shaped, partly hidden in the apical cymbial pocket.

Female

Unknown.

Distribution

Two close localities in Ethiopia only ( Fig. 510 ).

Stenaelurillus striolatus Wesołowska & Russell-Smith, 2011 Figs 463–471 , 512

Stenaelurillus striolatus Wesołowska & Russell-Smith, 2011: 597 , figs153–154, 247–249 (D♂); ♂ holotype in BMNH, examined.

Diagnosis

By the dense lateral pubescence on the carapace and the conformation of the copulatory organs ( Figs 468–469 ), the males in S. striolatus are most similar to those of S. bandama sp. nov. and S. hirsutus (cf. Figs 63–78 , 239–257 ), but can easily be distinguished by the entirely dark brown/black hair cover of the clypeus ( Fig. 468 ; with three white vertical lines in both related species, Figs 74 , 255 ). The embolic division of all three species is very similar and poorly distinguishable. The female of S. striolatus remains unknown. See also remarks above under the Diagnoses of S. glaber and S. pilosus .

Material examined

Holotype

NIGERIA: ♂, Kwara State, Borgu Game Reserve , ca 11°05′01.4″ N, 8°36′57.9″ E, flood debris on bank of river, 5–6 May 1973, A. Russell-Smith leg. ( BMNH).

Paratype

NIGERIA: 1 ♂, together with the holotype ( BMNH).

Description

Male (holotype)

Measurements: carapace: 2.70 long, 2.30 wide, 1.20 high. Abdomen: 2.40 long, 1.50 wide. Ocular area: 1.20 long, 1.50 wide anteriorly, 1.48 wide posteriorly. Cheliceral length 0.58. Clypeal height 0.28. Diameter of AME 0.40. Length of leg segments: I 1.30 + 0.65 + 0.73 + 0.63 + 0.45 (3.76); II 1.33 + 0.70 + 0.65 + 0.65 + 0.48 (3.81); III 1.95 + 0.93 + 1.23 + 1.38 + 0.53 (4.02); IV 1.63 + 0.75 + 1.13 + 1.40 + 0.65 (5.56). Leg formula IV,III,II,I. Leg spination: I: Fm d 0-1-1-5; Pt pr 0-1-0; Tb pr 1-1, v 0-2- 1ap; Mt pr and rt 1ap, v 2-2ap. II: Fm d 0-1-2-5; Pt pr 0-1-0; Tb pr and rt 1-1, v 1-1-2ap; Mt pr and rt 1-1ap, v 2-2ap. III: Fm d 0-1-2-5; Pt pr and rt 0-1-0; Tb d 1-0-0, pr and rt 1-1-1-1, v 1-0-2ap; Mt d 1-1-0, pr and rt 1-0-2ap, v 0-2-2ap. IV: Fm d 0-1-1-4; Pt pr and rt 0-1-0; Tb d 1-0-0, pr and rt 1-1-1-1, v 1-2ap; Mt d 1-1-0, pr 1-1-2ap, rt 1-0-2ap, v 0-2-2ap. Coloration (in alcohol; Figs 468–471 ). Carapace yellow, with dark brown (almost black) eye field covered with numerous short erect brown bristles. There is a median brown stripe of recumbent scales; carapace sides are covered with white recumbent scales. Cheeks are densely covered with long brown hairs passing into the dense clypeal cover of long dark brown (almost black) hairs. Sternum light yellow, densely covered with white hairs. Labium, endites and chelicerae light yellow. Abdomen: dorsum dark brown, with a wide median white stripe; sides and venter light yellow. Book-lung covers light yellow, spinnerets brownish. All legs and palps entirely yellow. Palpal structure as in Figs 463–467 : VTA bulge-shaped, poorly marked; RTA straight, stiletto-

shaped, directed anteriad, with a wide base; the cymbial lateral process (CLP) absent; the tegulum small, with a short, cone-shaped tegular process (TP); the functional tegulum swollen, with a well-developed proximal (PP) and distal (DP) projections, the latter bifircated; the embolus short, ribbon-shaped, with a wide round base.

Female

Unknown.

Distribution

The type locality only ( Fig. 512 ).

Stenaelurillus termitophagus ( Wesołowska & Cumming, 1999) comb. nov. Figs 4–5, 7, 11 , 18–19 , 472–487 , 514

Microheros termitophagus Wesolowska & Cumming, 1999: 204 , figs 1–21 (D♂ ♀); ♂ holotype in NCA, not examined.

Diagnosis

This species differs from all other species of Stenaelurillus known to us in having the longest, whipshaped embolus and the presence of the largest, well-developed cymbial pocket in the males ( Figs 472– 474 ), as well as the elevated flaps of the epigyne and the long insemination ducts running 360 degrees in the females ( Figs 476–478 ).

Material examined

BOTSWANA: 1 ♂, 1 male palp, Okavango [Delta], Maxwee, Mopane Woodland, 19º29′ S, 23º45′ E, pitfall traps, 30 Jun. 1976, A. Russell-Smith leg. ( BMNH); 1 ♀, island in Moanachira River, 19º10′ S, 23º42′ E, short grass in Senegalia nigrescens (Oliver, 1871) woodland, 17 Jul. 1977, A. Russell-Smith leg. ( BMNH); 1 ♂, Selkirk Mine, nr Francistown, 21°20′ S, 27°42′ E, pitfall traps, 28 Mar.–5 Apr. 2008, D.H. Jacobs leg. ( NCA 2009/3746).

NAMIBIA: 1 ♂, Kavango, Buffalo Camp, 18°19′ S, 21°42′ E, sieving of shore vegetation, 28 Feb. 1992, M. Uhlig leg. ( ISEA 001.7157).

SOUTH AFRICA: 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, Gauteng Prov., Rietondale Research Station, 25°43′ S, 28°13′ E, pitfall traps, 16 Jul. 1998, J. Nkwana leg. ( NCA 2008/5065, NCA 2008/5068, NCA 2007/2791); 3 ♂♂, 1 ♀, same prov., Doompoort, Buffelsdrift Conservancy, Farm Buffelsdrift (nr Die Ark), 25°36′ S, 28°19′ E, pan traps, closed woodland, 25 Jan. 2006, P. Koko leg. ( NCA 2010/4945); 1 ♀, same prov., Pretoria /Tshwane, ca 25°39′ S, 28°21′ E, in building, by hand, 2 Jun. 1986, M. Filmer leg. ( NCA 86/94); 1 ♂, 10 ♀♀, Limpopo Prov., Polokwane, Polokwane GR, 23°58′ S, 29°28′ E, active search, woodland, 18 Apr.–16 Jun. 2005, T.T. Khoza and M.A. Modib leg. ( NCA 2008/2384, NCA 2008/2375); 1 ♀, same locality, open savanna, active search, 11 Apr.–22 Jul. 2005, T.T. Khoza and M.A. Modib leg. ( NCA 2008/2312); 1 ♂, 1 ♀, same prov., Settlers, Farm Tweekansen, 25°29′ S, 28°34′ E, pitfall traps, grass, 7 May 2002, M. van Jaarsveld leg. ( NCA 2010/5314, NCA 2008/2370); 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀, same prov., Vivo, Soutpansberg, ca 23°00′30.0″ S, 29°46′08.0″ E, 11 Apr. 2015, P. Webb leg. ( NCA 2016/383); 1 ♂, same prov., Mooketsi Farm, 23°46′ S, 29°58′ E, Eucalyptus and Acacia shrubs, 1538 m a.s.l., pitfall traps, 23 Apr. 2014, I.V. Mutavhatsindi and S.H. Foord leg. (UniVen); 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀, KwaZulu-Natal Province, Pietermaritzburg, nr Oribi Airfield, ca 29°38′ S, 30°23′ E, thornbush, 14 Apr. 1976, F. Wanless and A. Russell-Smith leg. ( MMUE G7583.6).

Description

Male ( Botswana, Mopane Woodland)

Measurements: carapace 3.15 long, 2.45 wide and 1.80 high at PLE. Ocular area: 1.33 long, 1.80 wide anteriorly and 1.73 wide posteriorly. Diameter of AME 0.45. Clypeal height 0.13, chelicera length 0.78. Abdomen 3.25 long, 2.35 wide. Length of leg segments: I 1.65 + 0.90 + 1.00 + 0.80 + 0.60 (4.95); II 1.70 + 0.90 + 0.95 + 0.85 + 0.60 (5.00); III 2.45 + 1.25 + 1.55 + 2.00 + 0.75 (8.00); IV 2.25 + 1.05 + 1.50 + 2.10 + 0.85 (7.75). Leg formula III,IV,II,I. Leg spination: I: Fm d 0-1-1-4; Pt pr 0-1-0; Tb pr 1-1, v 0-1-2ap; Mt pr and 1ap, v 2-2ap. II: Fm d 0-1-2-4; Pr pr 0-1-0; Tb pr 1-1, v 1-1-2ap; Mt pr and rt 1-1ap, v 2-2ap. III: Fm d 0-1-2-4; Pt pr and rt 0-1-0; Tb d 1-0, pr and rt 1-1-1, v 2ap; Mt d 1-1-0, pr and rt 1-0-2ap, v 0-2-2ap. IV: Fm d 0-1-2-4; Pt pr and rt 0-1-0; Tb d 1-0-0, pr and rt 1-1-1, v 1-0-2ap; Mt d 1-0-0, pr and rt 1-1-2ap, v 1-1-2ap. Coloration (in alcohol; Figs 484–487 ). Carapace light brownish yellow (almost orange), densely covered with brown hair-like scales, with two longitudinal white stripes and two wide white marginal bands of white hair-like scales. Clypeus light brownish yellow, with a transverse stripe of dense white hairs. Sternum light yellow, covered with white hairs. Endites and labium light yellow. Chelicerae brownish yellow, anteriorly covered with brown hair-like scales and with two vertical stripes of white hair-like scales. Abdomen: dorsum dark brown (cover of brown hairlike scales), with a longitudinal white stripe and two lateral white stripes of hair-like scales; sides densely covered with white hair-like scales; venter light yellow, with short longitudinal brown stripes of hairs on its rear half. Book-lung covers light yellow. Spinnerets: anterior and median pairs light yellow, with brownish apices; posterior pair dark brown. Legs: Fm, Mt and Tr yellow, with brownish (semi)rings; Pt and Tb darker, brown, with dark brown (semi)rings. Palps yellow. Palpal structure as in Figs 472–475 : VTA bulge-shaped; RTA wide, with a spine-shaped tip; the cymbium with a developed cymbial lateral process (CLP); the functional tegulum swollen, with well-developed proximal (PP) and distal, fingershaped (DP) projections; the embolus whip-shaped, partly hidden in the open, apical cymbial pocket.

Female ( Botswana, island in Moanachira River)

Measurements: carapace 3.60 long, 2.70 wide and 1.90 high at PLE. Ocular area: 1.18 long, 1.78 wide anteriorly and 1.83 wide posteriorly. Diameter of AME 0.48. Clypeal height 0.25, chelicera length 0.55. Abdomen 4.05 long, 3.10 wide. Length of leg segments: I 1.65 + 0.80 + 0.85 + 0.70 + 0.50 (4.50); II 1.75 + 0.75 + 0.90 + 0.80 + 0.65 (4.85); III 2.70 + 1.30 + 1.70 + 2.20 + 0.70 (8.60); IV 2.60 + 1.15 + 1.70 + 2.25 + 0.80 (8.50). Leg formula III,IV,II,I. Leg spination: II: Fm d 0-1-1-5; Pt pr 0-1-0; Tb pr 1-1, v 1-1-2ap; Mt pr and 1ap, v 1-2ap. II: Fm d 0-1-2-4; Pr pr 0-1-0; Tb pr 1-1, v 1-1-2ap; Mt pr 1-1ap, rt 1ap, v 1-2ap. III: Fm d 0-1-2-5; Pt pr and rt 0-1-0; Tb d 1-0, pr and rt 1-1-2, v 1-0-2ap; Mt d 1-1-0, pr and rt 1-0-2ap, v 0-0-2-2ap. IV: Fm d 0-1-1-5; Pt pr and rt 0-1-0; Tb d 1-0-0, pr and rt 1-1-1-1, v 1-0-2ap; Mt d 1-0-0, pr and rt 1-1-1, v 1-2ap. Coloration (in alcohol; Figs 480–483 ), as in the male but lighter and differs as follows: palps light yellow; chelicerae brownish yellow, without vertical white stripes; venter without longitudinal brown stripes; posterior spinnerets yellow; Fm of all legs light yellow with brownish tips, the remaining segments brownish yellow. Epigyne and spermathecae as in Figs 476–479 : epigynal plate with two S-shaped, elevated flaps, under which the copulatory openings are hidden; insemination ducts relatively long, running 360 degrees; primary spermathecae medium-sized, pearshaped.

Distribution

Southern Africa ( Fig. 514 ).

Figures

Figs 454–462. Stenaelurillus strandi Caporiacco, 1939, holotype, ♂ (459–462) and paratype (454–458). 454, 459. Male palp, ventral view. 455, 460. Male palp, retrolateral view. 456–458. Embolic division. 456. Retrolateral view. 457. Apical view. 458. Median view. 461–462. General appearance. Scale bars: 454–460 = 0.1 mm; 461–462 = 1 mm.

Figs 448–453. Stenaelurillus sudanicus Wesołowska, 2014, holotype, ♀. 448–451. General appearance. 452. Epigyne, ventral view. 453. Spermathecae, dorsal view. Scale bars: 448–451 = 1 mm; 452–453 = 0.1 mm.

Figs442–447.Stenaelurillussiyamaesp.nov.,holotype,♀.442.Epigyne,ventralview.443.Spermathecae, dorsal view. 444–447. General appearance. Scale bars: 442–443 = 0.1 mm; 444–447 = 1 mm.

Fig. 510. Collecting localities of seven African species of Stenaelurillus Simon, 1885.

Figs 463–471. Stenaelurillus striolatus Wesołowska & Russell-Smith, 2011, holotype, ♂. 463. Palp, ventral view. 464. Palp, retrolateral view. 465. Embolic division, dorsal view. 466. Embolic division, median view. 467. Embolic division, retrolateral view. 468–471. General appearance. Scale bars: 463– 467 = 0.1 mm; 468–471 = 0.5 mm.

Figs 63–72. Stenaelurillus bandama sp. nov., holotype, ♂ (63–65), paratype, ♂ (66–69) and paratype, ♀. 63. Male palp, retrolateral view. 64. Male palp, ventral view. 65. Male palp, dorsal view. 66–69. Embolic division. 66. Ventral view. 67. Median view. 68. Dorsal view. 69. Retrolateral view. 70. Epigyne, ventral view. 71. Spermathecae, dorsal view. 72. Diagrammatic course of the insemination ducts. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Figs 73–78. Stenaelurillus bandama sp. nov., holotype, ♂, general appearance. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Figs 239–245. Stenaelurillus hirsutus Lessert, 1927, holotype. 239. Male palp, ventral view. 240. Embolic division, retrolateral view. 241. Embolic division, dorsal view. 242. Embolic division, median view. 243–245. General appearance. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bars: 239–242 = 0.1 mm; 243–245 = 1 mm.

Figs 246–251. Stenaelurillus hirsutus Lessert, 1927 (holotype of Stenaelurillus cristatus Wesołowska & Russell-Smith, 2000). 246. Male palp, ventral view. 247. Male palp, retrolateral view. 248. Male palp, dorsal view. 249. Embolic division, ventral view. 250. Embolic division, median view. 251. Embolic division, retrolateral view. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Figs 252–257. Stenaelurillus hirsutus Lessert, 1927 (holotype of Stenaelurillus cristatus Wesołowska & Russell-Smith, 2000) from Tanzania (Mkomazi GR), general appearance. Scale bars: 1 mm

Fig. 512. Collecting localities of six African species of Stenaelurillus Simon, 1885.

Figs 1–13. Trichobothrial bases (1–3, 5–8), tarsal organs (4, 9), left chelicerae (10–12) and right endite (13) of Stenaelurillus Simon, 1885. 1–2. S. nigricaudus Simon, 1886, ♀. 1. Tb 1. 2. Tr 1. 3. S. hirsutus Lessert, 1927, ♀, Tr 2. 4–7. S. termitophagus (Wesołowska & Cumming, 1999) comb. nov., ♀. 4. Tr 1. 5. Mt 1. 6. Tr 2. 7. Tr 1. 8–9. S. guttatus (Wesołowska & Cumming, 2002) comb. nov., ♀. 8. Tr 1. 9. Tr 1. 10. S. nigricaudus Simon, 1886, ♀. 11. S. termitophagus comb. nov., ♀. 12. S. darwini Wesołowska & Russell-Smith, 2000, ♀. 13. S. albopunctatus Caporiacco, 1949, ♂, right endite. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bars: 1–9 = 5 µm; 10–12 = 0.25 mm; 13 = 0.1 mm.

Figs 14–29. Tarsal claws of legs 1 in females of Stenaelurillus Simon, 1886, scanning electron micrographs. 14–15. S. nigricaudus Simon, 1886. 14. Retrolateral. 15. Prolateral. 16–17. S. guttatus (Wesołowska & Cumming, 2002) comb. nov. 16. Retrolateral. 17. Prolateral. 18–19. S. termitophagus (Wesołowska & Cumming, 1999) comb. nov. 18. Retrolateral. 19. Prolateral. 20–21. S. fuscatus Wesołowska & Russell-Smith, 2000. 20. Retrolateral. 21. Prolateral. 22–23. S. guttiger (Simon, 1901). 22. Retrolateral. 23. Prolateral. 24–25. Aelurillus v-insignitus (Clerck, 1757). 24. Retrolateral. 25. Prolateral. 26–27. Phlegra fasciata (Hahn, 1826). 26. Retrolateral. 27. Prolateral. 28–29. Langona bristowei Berland & Millot, 1941. 28. Retrolateral. 29. Prolateral. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Figs 472–479. Stenaelurillus termitophagus (Wesołowska & Cumming, 1999) comb. nov., ♂ from Botswana, (Mopane Woodland) and ♀ from Botswana (island in Moanachira River). 472–474. Male palp. 472. Ventral view. 473. Ventro-retrolateral view. 474. Retrolateral view. 475. Embolic division, apical view. 476. Epigyne, ventral view. 477. Spermathecae, dorsal view. 478. Spermathecae, ventral view. 479. Diagrammatic course of the insemination ducts. Abbreviations: see Material and methods. Scale bars: 0.1 mm.

Figs 480–487. Stenaelurillus termitophagus (Wesołowska & Cumming, 1999) comb. nov. from South Africa (Doompoort, NCA 2010/4945), general appearance. 480–483. ♀. 484–487. ♂. Scale bars: 1 mm.

Fig. 514. Collecting localities of seven African species of Stenaelurillus Simon, 1885.