Amphinomida

Weigert, Anne & Bleidorn, Christoph, 2016, Current status of annelid phylogeny, Organisms Diversity & Evolution (New York, N. Y.) 16 (2), pp. 345-362 : 350

Amphinomida

The Amphinomida comprise the Amphinomidae and Euphrosinidae ( Borda et al. 2015) and were formerly considered as closely related to errant polychaetes: as part of Eunicida within Aciculata ( Rouse and Fauchald 1997) , as sister group to Eunicida and Phyllodocida within Aciculata ( Rouse and Pleijel 2001) , or placed with various other annelid taxa ( Rousset et al. 2007; Zrzavy et al. 2009), or as a basal branching lineage ( Struck et al. 2007; Struck et al. 2008; Hausdorf et al. 2007). Since gene coverage was low in all previous molecular analyses, no stable phylogenetic affiliation of this annelid group could be assessed. Even in larger data sets including numerous genes their position was unstable, affected by erroneous assignments of orthologous genes ( Struck et al. 2011; Kvist and Siddall 2013; Struck 2013a, b). In contrast to Struck et al. (2011), who found Amphinomida as part of Errantia together with Eunicida , paraphyletic Phyllodocida and Orbiniidae, Weigert et al. (2014) could circumvent these problems and provide additional strong support for an early branching of amphinomids. Together with the Sipuncula, they form the sister group of Pleistoannelida ( Sedentaria and Errantia ), a result which also found strong support in the phylogenomic analysis of Andrade et al. (2015).