Cyclocephala ligyrina Bates, 1888

Neita-Moreno, Jhon C., 2021, A review of the black species of Cyclocephala Dejean (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae Dynastinae) from Colombia, Zootaxa 5026 (1), pp. 1-58 : 38-39

Cyclocephala ligyrina Bates, 1888

( Figs. 4A–B ; 10A–B ; 11A–B ; 12E ; 14C–D, F ; 15H ; 16H ; 17H ; 18J ; 19F ; 20F ; 24H ; 28A–H ; 31C ; 32H; 40)

Diagnosis. In C. dalensi , C. kaszabi , and C. ligyrina , the surface of the pygidium is densely punctate ( Fig. 24F, H ), but in C. rufa and C. arhuacana , the surface of the pygidium is sparsely punctate ( Fig. 25A–B ). Cyclocephala ligyrina can be distinguished by a metatibia with 2 rows of setae on the external face, and the second row does not cross the external face of the metatibia ( Fig. 19F ), whereas in the other species, the second row does cross the external face of the metatibia ( Fig. 19D–E, G–H ).

Redescription. Male ( Fig. 4A ). Length 19.6–21.8 mm; width 9.3–10.1 mm. Color dark reddish brown to black. Head: Surface of frons and clypeus with punctures moderately dense (rarely sparse), deep, moderately large except those on occiput and apex of clypeus that are smaller and slightly denser. Clypeus with anterior angles broadly rounded, apex broadly truncate and weakly emarginate. Mandibles apically rounded, internal face with a groove ( Fig. 10A–B ); labium densely setose, paraglossa undeveloped, apex slightly notched ( Fig. 12E ); maxilla with galea developed, with 6 teeth ( Fig. 11A–B ). Epipharynx with apex parabolic, densely setose (ventral view, Fig. 14C ), lacking setae at center (dorsal view, Fig. 14D ). Interocular width equals 3.0–3.3 transverse eye diameters. Antenna with 10 antennomeres, club subequal in length to antennomeres 2–7. Pronotum: Surface with punctures as on frons. Base lacking marginal bead. Elytra: Surface with distinct rows of punctures, punctures (and those in intervals) ocellate, moderate to moderately large, moderately dense. Pygidium: Surface with punctures moderately dense (rarely sparse), moderate in size, most with a minute, tawny seta in unworn specimens. In lateral view, surface regularly convex ( Fig. 24H ). Legs: Protibia tridentate, with small basal tooth directed “forward” and slightly removed from others ( Fig. 18J ). Protarsus enlarged, tarsomeres 2–4 successively gradually larger; tarsomere 5 large, only weakly curved, with large basal tooth ( Fig. 17H ); median claw large, strongly curved ( Fig. 16H ), broadly split into a wide ramus and a slender ramus ( Fig. 15H ); metatibia on external face with 2 rows of setae, the second row does not cross external face of metatibia ( Fig. 19F ). Venter: Prosternal process long, stout, with apex obliquely flattened into a wide, transverse oval with anterior 4/5 raised as convex “button”. Genitalia: Shape of parameres varies, even in the same population ( Fig. 28A–H ). Internal sac as in Fig. 31C .

Female ( Fig. 4B ). Length 23.1– 20.5 mm; width 10.5– 9.1 mm. Similar to male, but surface of frons and clypeus with punctation denser. Punctures on pronotum and elytra coarser and denser than in males. Punctate rows on elytra weakly furrowed. Abdominal ventrite VIII entire. Epipleuron (ventral view) gradually tapering and then abruptly narrowing at sternite 3; in dorsal view, epipleuron gradually expands to level of third sternite, tooth on ventral surface absent in lateral view ( Fig. 20F ). Pygidium, in lateral view, weakly convex to nearly flat dorsally. Protibial basal tooth distinct, larger, subequally spaced from other teeth. Protarsus simple. Length of metatarsus shorter than metatibia. Gonocoxite larger than gonocoxal sternite, gonocoxite without a membranous area (Fig. 32H).

Distribution. Cyclocephala ligyrina is known from Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Colombia, Ecuador, Brazil, and Peru ( Endrödi 1985; Ratcliffe 2003; Ratcliffe & Cave 2006; Ratcliffe et al. 2013, 2020).

Life history. Adults are attracted to lights. A few specimens have been taken from inflorescences of Rhodospatha , Dieffenbachia longispatha , Philodendron ( Young 1986) , and Xanthosoma (all Araceae ).

Locality records ( Fig. 40 ). 16 specimens examined from IAvH-E: “Colombia, Chocó, Quibdó / Corregimiento de Tutunendó, Punto / Cara de Perro, Haciendo Buenos / Aires-Tella., Bp-T, Bosque / entresacado, 05º45´06.4´´N; 76º26´/ 59.21´´W. WGS 84, 347 m, Trampa de / Luz UV, 16-26.i.2019, J. C. Neita” [2♀ IAvH-E-216374; IAvH- E-216375]. “Colombia, Chocó, Quibdó, Corrg. / Tutunendo, Vda. Cara de Perro, / Camino a Cacerío, Comunidad Indigena de / Playa Alta Bp-T, Bosque / Entresacado 05º45´76.09´´N; 76º / 26´16.8´´W. WGS 84, 340 m. Trampa / de luz UV, 01-15.iii.2010. J. C. Neita” [♀ IAvH-E-2169376]. “Colombia, Chocó, Quibdó, / Tutunendó, 05º41´42 ´´N; / 76º39´40 ´´W. WGS84, 45 m alt. 28-12 / ene 2007 J. C. Neita & D. Barahona. / En Trampa de Luz Negra / Rastrojo Alto” [♀ IAvH-E-2169377; ♂ IAvH-E-215699]. “Colombia, Chocó, Quibdó / Corregimiento de Tutun- endó / Vereda Cara de Perro / 5º45´07.9´´N; 76º45´16.8´´W. / 340 m alt. Nov. 2009. J. C. Neita Leg.” [♀ IAvH- E-2169378]. “Colombia, Chocó, Quibdó / Corregimiento de Tutunendó / Vereda Cara de Perro / 5º45´07.9´´N; 76º45´16.8´´W. / 340 m alt. Febr. 2010. J. C. Neita Leg.” [♀ IAvH-E-2169379]. “Colombia, Cauca / PNN Gorgona Alto el Mirador / 2º58´N; 78º11´W. 180 m. / 9/6/2000 - 9/20/2000. M902 / Malaise H. Torres // Cyclocephala ligyrina Bates, Det. B. C. Ratcliffe, 2006 ” [♀ IAvH-14939]. “ COLOMBIA, V. del Cauca / B/ventura; Anchicayá; S. Municipal / 3º33´3.11´´N; 76º53´24.2´´W. / 694 msnm. 19-Febrero-2013 / Trampa de Luz / Col. Ranulfo González” [♀ -Univalle-27295]. “Colombia, Valle del Cauca / Buenaventura, Corregimiento Bajo / Calima, Centro Forestal Tropical de / La Universidad del Tolima, Sendero / al Lado derecho del Campamento, Bosque Húmedo Tropical, 3º / 57´19.400´´N; 76º59’38.60´´W, WGS84, / 70 m, manual en Rhodosphata sp. 18.ii.2017. A. Zuluaga, A. Mu- ñoz.” [♂ IAvH-E-216380; ♀ IAvH-E-215698]. “Colombia, Chocó, Quibdó, Corrg. / Tutunendó, Vda. Cara de Perro / Camino a cacerio com. indg. De / Playa Alta., Bp-T, Bosque / Entresacado, 05º45´06.04´´N; 76º / 26´14.2´´W. WGS 84, 347 m. Trampa / de Luz UV, 01-15.xi.2009. J. C. Neita” [♂ IAvH-E-216383]. “Colombia, Cauca PNN / Isla Gorgona Alto el Mirador / 180 m. 2º58´N; 78º11´W. / Malaise 20-Feb-6-Mar-2001. / H. Torres // Cyclocephala ligyrina Bates, 1888 . Det. J.C. Neita, 2007” [♂ IAvH-E-101057]. “Colombia, Chocó, Quibdó, / Corregimiento de Pacurita, / Cacerio, Bp-T. Bosque / Entresacado, 05º41´01.61´´N; 76º35´/ 45.40´´W.WGS84, 35 m, Trampa de / Luz UV, 15-21.i.2019, J. C. Neita, D. Zuñiga” [♂ IAvH-E-216381]. “Colombia, Chocó, Quibdó, Corrg. / Tutunendó, Vda. Cara de Perro / Camino a caserío com. indg. De / Playa Alta, Bp-T, Bosque / Entresacado, 05º45´06.04´´N; 76º / 26´14.2´´W. WGS 84, 347 m. Trampa / de Luz UV, 01-30.xi.2009. J. C. Neita” [♂ IAvH-E-216382]. “Colombia, Cauca, Tambo, PNN / Munchique Zona de / amortiguamiento, camino entre el / alto la paz a López de Micay, / Sector de la Peña a la quebrada / Agua Clara Corregimiento La / Gallera, Bosque húmedo Tropical / 2º46´5.401´´N; 76º58´27.696´´W. WGS84, 900- 1050 m. Manual en Araceae ” [♂ IAvH-E-215696].

Figures

FIGURE 4A–D. Cyclocephala ligyrina species group. A, Cyclocephala ligyrina male; B, Cyclocephala ligyrina female; C, Cyclocephala arhuacana male (holotype); D, Cyclocephala arhuacana female (allotype). Scale bar = 10 mm.

FIGURE 10A–D. Adult mandibles. A, Cyclocephala ligyrina (ventral view); B, Cyclocephala ligyrina (dorsal view); C, Cyclocephala arhuacana (ventral view); D, Cyclocephala arhuacana (dorsal view).

FIGURE 11A–D. Adult maxilla. A, Cyclocephala ligyrina (ventral view); B, Cyclocephala ligyrina (dorsal view); C, Cyclocephala arhuacana (ventral view); D, Cyclocephala arhuacana (dorsal view). dpmst: dorsal process of mediostipes.

FIGURE 12A–F. Adult labia. A, Cyclocephala marqueti; B, Cyclocephala proxima; C, Cyclocephala fasciolata; D, Cyclocephala brevipennis; E, Cyclocephala ligyrina; F, Cyclocephala arhuacana.

FIGURE 14A–F. Adult epipharynxes. A, Cyclocephala fasciolata ventral view; B, Cyclocephala fasciolata dorsal view; C, Cyclocephala ligyrina ventral view; D, Cyclocephala ligyrina dorsal view; E, Cyclocephala arhuacana ventral view; F, Cyclocephala arhuacana dorsal view.

FIGURE 15A–J. Adult male large claw (caudal view). A, Cyclcephala marqueti; B, Cyclocephala proxima; C, Cyclocephala brevipennis; D, Cyclocephala fasciolata; E, Cyclocephala santandereana (holotype); F, Cyclocephala dalensi; G, Cyclocephala kaszabi; H, Cyclocephala ligyrina; I, Cyclocephala rufa; J, Cyclocephala arhuacana (holotype). Scale bar = 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 16A–J. Adult male large claw (lateral view). A, Cyclcephala marqueti; B, Cyclocephala proxima; C, Cyclocephala brevipennis; D, Cyclocephala fasciolata; E, Cyclocephala santandereana (holotype); F, Cyclocephala dalensi; G, Cyclocephala kaszabi; H, Cyclocephala ligyrina; I, Cyclocephala rufa; J, Cyclocephala arhuacana (holotype). Scale bar = 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 17A–J. Protarsomere 5 (caudal view). A, Cyclcephala marqueti; B, Cyclocephala proxima; C, Cyclocephala brevipennis; D, Cyclocephala fasciolata; E, Cyclocephala santandereana (holotype); F, Cyclocephala dalensi; G, Cyclocephala kaszabi; H, Cyclocephala ligyrina; I, Cyclocephala rufa; J, Cyclocephala arhuacana (holotype). Scale bar = 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 18A–M. Protibiae (dorsal view). A, Cyclocephala marqueti (male); B, Cyclocephala proxima (male); C, Cyclocephala proxima (female); D, Cyclocephala brevipennis (male); E, Cyclocephala brevipennis (female); F, Cyclocephala fasciolata; G, Cyclocephala santandereana (holotype); H, Cyclocephala dalensi; I, Cyclocephala kaszabi; J, Cyclocephala ligyrina; K, Cyclocephala rufa; L, Cyclocephala arhuacana (holotype); M, Cyclocephala arhuacana (allotype). Scale bar = 0.2 mm.

FIGURE 19A–H. Metatibiae (dorsal view). A, Cyclocephala marqueti; B, Cyclocephala proxima; C. Cyclocephala rogerpauli; D, Cyclocephala dalensi; E, Cyclocephala kaszabi; F, Cyclocephala ligyrina; G, Cyclocephala rufa; H, Cyclocephala arhuacana. Scale bar = 0.5 mm.

FIGURE 20A–G. Female epipleura (ventral view). A, Cyclocephala marqueti; B, Cyclocephala proxima; C, Cyclocephala rogerpauli; D, Cyclocephala brevipennis; E, Cyclocephala kaszabi; F, Cyclocephala ligyrina; G, Cyclocephala arhuacana.

FIGURE 24A–H. Pygidia (dorsal view). A, Cyclocephala marqueti; B, Cyclocephala proxima; C, Cyclocephala rogerpauli; D, Cyclocephala brevipennis; E, Cyclocephala santandereana (holotype); F, Cyclocephala dalensi; G, Cyclocephala kaszabi; H, Cyclocephala ligyrina.

FIGURE 25A–D. Pygidia and heads (dorsal view). A, Cyclocephala rufa pygidium; B, Cyclocephala arhuacana (holotype) pygidium; C, Cyclocephala brevipennis head (dorsal view); D, Cyclocephala santandereana (holotype) head (dorsal view).

FIGURE 28A–H. Parameres and phallobases, Cyclocephala ligyrina species group. A, Cyclocephala ligyrina parameres, caudal view; B, Cyclocephala ligyrina phallobase, lateral view; C, Cyclocephala ligyrina parameres, caudal view; D, Cyclocephala ligyrina phallobase, lateral view; E, Cyclocephala ligyrina parameres, caudal view; F, Cyclocephala ligyrina phallobase, lateral view; G, Cyclocephala ligyrina parameres, caudal view; H. Cyclocephala ligyrina phallobase, lateral view.

FIGURE 31A–D. Internal sacs. A, Cyclocephala marqueti; B, Cyclocephala proxima; C, Cyclocephala ligyrina; D, Cyclocephala arhuacana. Copulatory lamella (LC) and raspula (RA).

FIGURE 40. Distribution of the Cyclocephala ligyrina species group in Colombia.