Balaena mysticetus, Linnaeus, 1758

Bisconti, Michelangelo, Damarco, Piero, Pavia, Marco, Sorce, Barbara & Carnevale, Giorgio, 2021, Marzanoptera tersillae, a new balaenopterid genus and species from the Pliocene of Piedmont, north-west Italy, Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 192, pp. 1253-1292 : 1292

Balaena mysticetus . In: Ridgway SM, Harrison R, eds.

Handbook of marine mammals, 3. The sirenians and baleen

whales. New York: Academic Press, 305–354.

Zeigler CV, Chan GL, Barnes LG. 1997. A new Late Miocene balaenopterid whale ( Cetacea : Mysticeti ), Parabalaenoptera baulinensis , (new genus and species) from the Santa Cruz Mudstone, Point Reyes Peninsula, California. Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences 50: 115–138.

SUPPORTING INFORMATION Additional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article at the publisher’s web-site:

Table S3. Measurements of vertebrae of the holotype skeleton of Marzanoptera tersillae ( EGPPA-MPTA No. 207.13307, Asti). Measurements are in millimetres. Abbreviations: C1–C7, cervical vertebrae 1–7; T1 and T2 , thoracic vertebrae 1 and 2; R1 – R4 , ribs 1–4 (see main text for further explanations) .

Table S4. Characters supporting selected high-rank nodes of the tree in Figure 24.

Figure S1. Mollusc shells associated with the holotype skeleton of Marzanoptera tersillae . The specimens shown here are from sites analogous to San Marzanotto and are also representative of the malacofauna found at San Marzanotto. The specimens directly associated with the skeleton are largely demineralized. A, Aporrhais uttingeriana (Risso). B, Epitonium turtonii (Turton). C, Naticarius pseudoepiglottinus (Sismonda) . D, Nassarius cf. semistriatus (Mayer). E, Anadara diluvii (Lamarck) . F, Atrina pectinata (Linnaeus). G, Neopycnodonta cochlear (Poli) . H, Amusium cristatum (Bronn). I, Acanthocardia paucicostata (Sowerby) . J, Isocardia cor (Linnaeus) . K, Venus nux (Gmelin). L, Pelecyora brocchii Deshayes. M, Macoma cumana (Costa). N, Corbula gibba Olivi. Not to scale.

Figure S2. Shark teeth associated with the holotype skeleton of Marzanoptera tersillae . Carcharhinus leucas : A, right upper teeth in lingual view; B, left upper teeth in lingual view; C, D, lower teeth in lingual view. Cosmopolitodus hastalis : E, lower anterolateral tooth in lingual view. Scale bar: 10 mm.

FigureS3. Holotype skull of Marzanoptera tersillae in anterolateral view. A, photographic representation. B, anatomical interpretation. Note that in A, the temporal fossa is still partly covered by matrix. Note also that in B, the nasals are reconstructed based on the photographic representation. The computed tomography scan shown in Figure 8 shows that the real shape of the nasal bones is different. In this and subsequent figures, see ‘Anatomical abbreviations’ subsection of the main text for explanations of abbreviations. Scale bar: 10 cm.

Figure S4. Temporal fossa of Marzanoptera tersillae (holotype) based on computed tomography scan reconstructions. A, right lateral view. B, left anterodorsal and lateral view. Scale bars: 30 cm.

Figure S5. Articulation of the left periotic to the skull based on computed tomography scan reconstructions. A, ventral view. B, ventrolateral view. C, posteroventral view. Scale bar: 10 cm.

Figure S6. Pars cochlaris of three fossil balaenopterid species assigned to Plesiobalaenoptera in the present paper. A, B, Plesiobalaenoptera quarantellii . C, D, SAM55001. E, F, ‘ Megaptera ’ hubachi , here recombined as Plesiobalaenoptera hubachi . F is mirrored to facilitate comparisons. Not to scale.

Figure S7. Orientation of main axis of 27 bones mapped in Figure 2 with respect to the horizontal axis of Figure 2. A, each class in the horizontal axis corresponds to 10° variation (for instance, 10 corresponds to 0–10°, 20 corresponds to 11–20° and so on). B, each class corresponds to 30° variation (for instance, 30° corresponds to 0–30°, 270° corresponds to 240–270° and so on). The number of the bones belonging into each orientation class is provided on the vertical axis.

Figure S8. Polar plot showing the relative orientations of the 27 bones analysed. Each circle corresponds to one

individual bone. Note that there are two main orientation axes indicated by the grey lines.