Parrisia Shalisko & Sundue, Phytotaxa

Kessler, Michael, Smith, Alan R., Øllgaard, Benjamin, Matos, Fernando B. & Moran, Robbin C., 2023, Prodromus of a fern flora of Bolivia. XLII. Update I., Phytotaxa 630 (3), pp. 183-210 : 197

Parrisia Shalisko & Sundue, Phytotaxa 394(3): 187. 2019.

The grammitid genus Parrisia was named recently in a paper by Shalisko et al. (2019) to accommodate two species previously treated in Enterosora by Bishop & Smith (1992), Smith & Bishop (1995), and Smith et al. (2018). Parrisia parietina is widespread, from southern Mexico to Bolivia; a second species, P. gilpinae (Baker) Shalisko & Sundue , is in Tanzania and Madagascar, and was treated under the name E. sprucei (Hook.) Parris ( Parris 2005) , which we consider a synonym of P. parietina .

This unusual distribution pattern of Parrisia is also known in several other grammitid genera, e.g., Ceradenia , Enterosora , Grammitis s.s., Leucotrichum , Melpomene , Moranopteris , and Stenogrammitis . Previously, species in Parrisia have generally been placed either in a very broadly defined genus Grammitis , a definition that included all or nearly all grammitid ferns (700+ spp.), or in Enterosora ( Bishop & Smith 1992; Smith et al. 2018). Parrisia agrees with Ceradenia , Enterosora , Grammitis s.s., and several other grammitid genera in lacking clearly defined hydathodes adaxially. From Enterosora , Parrisia is distinguished by the radial rhizomes (vs. dorsiventral), the sori borne at the middle of veins (vs. distally), and the presence of setae around the sori ( Shalisko et al. 2019). From other simple-bladed New World grammitids, e.g., Cochlidium , Parrisia differs in lacking hydathodes, the presence of dark-colored setae on the blades, and from some species by the superficial sori (vs. immersed coenosori). Another simple-bladed genus in the Neotropics is Lomaphlebia , endemic to the Greater Antilles; that genus has a row of marginal areoles on the blades. Grammitis s.s., also simple-bladed, differs in having black sclerotized blade margins and general lack of setae abaxially on the blades.

Phylogenetic studies suggest that Parrisia may be related to the endemic Hawaiian genus Adenophorus , with species having distinctive reddish glandular paraphyses in the sori and on the lamina abaxially, to Antillean Lomaphlebia (2 spp.), and to the amphioceanic genera Grammitis s.s. and Cochlidium (all but one species neotropical). Affinities with Enterosora (see above; now including Zygophlebia ) are more remote ( Bauret et al. 2017; Shalisko et al. 2019). The current name for the Bolivian species is: