Aphrophora salicina (Goeze, 1778)
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.15298/rusentj.32.3.01 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/0391E105-FB64-FFE2-FC18-FBC90821B2B3 |
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treatment provided by |
Felipe |
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scientific name |
Aphrophora salicina (Goeze, 1778) |
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Aphrophora salicina (Goeze, 1778) View in CoL
Figs. 1–11 View Figs 1–16 , 17–26 View Figs 17–31 , 32 View Fig –38, 43, 46–47, 52–58
A. pectoralis Matsumura, 1903 , syn.n.
MALE CALLING SIGNALS. Calling signal is a phrase lasting from about 1 up to 5–6 s ( Figs 1–11 View Figs 1–16 ). In males from European Russia, on average, phrases are shorter, than in males from Central Asia and the Russian Far East (cf. Figs 1–5 and 6–11 View Figs 1–16 ), but it is impossible to clearly distinguish between European and Asian populations based on this trait. The male can produce phrases irregularly or with intervals from 4–5 up to several tens of seconds. The phrase consists of uniform syllables, normally including three pulses each ( Figs 17–19, 21–26 View Figs 17–31 ); only very occasionally some syllables consist of two pulses ( Fig. 20 View Figs 17–31 ).
The most constant signal trait is the syllable repetition frequency, although, like in all other insects, it increases with temperature. We investigated the signals of A. salicina from the central and southern regions of European Russia, from Kyrgyzstan, southeastern Kazakhstan, and from the Russian Far East ( Fig. 32 View Fig ). Throughout this vast territory, this parameter remained constant and averages 12–13 syllables/s at 22 °C, 15 syllables/s at 23–24 °C, and 16–17 syllables/s at 27–31 °C.
DESCRIPTION. Yellowish brown with lighter area at the base of the costal margin of the forewing (Figs 33–36). Specimens from the Russian Far East are darker, with yellowish spot at the base of costal margin (Figs 37–38). Thus, contrary to the assertions of some authors, in particular, Ossiannilsson [1981], a yellowish spot at the base of the costal margin cannot be used as a reliable trait for species diagnostics, since it is not always developed. This fact was also pointed out by Komatsu [1997b].
The hairs on the forewings are about two to three times as long as punctures (Fig. 43) (about one and a half to two times as long as punctures in two other species; Figs 44–45). The end of the ovipositor does not extend or only slightly extends beyond the end of the anal tube (Figs 46–47). Pygofer appendages widened in the middle or somewhat distally, with narrow apices (Figs 52–55). Styles and penis of the same shape as in other species of the A. salicina group (cf. Figs 56–58, 60–61, 66–69). 256 Aphrophora gr. salicina of Russia and adjacent territories Body length (including tegmina): ♂, 8.8–10.1 mm; ♀, penis of the same shape as in other species of the A. salicina 10.0–10.9 mm. group (Figs 60–61). DIAGNOSIS. Differs from two other species of the A. sal- Body length (including tegmina): ♂, 8.9–9.8 mm; ♀, 9.9– icina group by the male calling signal pattern and longer hairs 10.5 mm. on the forewings. Also differs from A. willemsi by shorter ovi- DIAGNOSIS. Differs from two other species of the positor and from A. itiliensis sp.n. by widened pygofer proc- A. salicina group by the male calling signal pattern and longer esses (of almost equal width throughout all their length, with ovipositor. Also differs from A. salicina by shorter hairs on widely rounded apices in A. itiliensis sp.n.). the forewings and from A. itiliensis sp.n. by widened pygofer HOST PLANTS. Was collected from Salix vinogradovii processes (of almost equal width throughout all their length, A.K. Skvortsov, S. alba L., and S. schwerinii E.L. Wolf in Rus- with widely rounded apices in A. itiliensis sp.n.). sia, from unidentified Salix sect. Helix , S. wilhelmsiana M. HOST PLANTS. Was collected from S. cinerea L., uni- Bieb., S. tenuijulis Ledeb. , and S. niedzwieckii Goerz in Kyr- dentified Salix sect. Vetrix , S. purpurea cultivar “nana”, and gyzstan; apparently, can feed on many other willow species. S. alba in Moscow Oblast and on unidentified Salix species Also, dense population of A. salicina was found on Populus in Transbaikalia. Obviously, like A. salicina , can also feed on laurifolia Ledeb. in southeastern Kazakhstan. many other willow species. In Moscow Oblast, sometimes was
DISTRIBUTION. Transpalearctic; the northern limits of found on the same plant with A. salicina . the range are unclear. DISTRIBUTION. Western Europe, European Russia REMARKS. Identification of A. pectoralis is based on the southwards at least to the northern border of Volgograd Oblast works of Anufriev, Emelyanov [1988] and Komatsu [1997b] (Shcherbatovka about 50 km north-north-east of Kamyshin), and on investigation of morphology and calling signals of Western Siberia (Tomsk, Tyumen, and Kemerovo Oblasts), specimens from Primorsky Krai and southern Sakhalin. Com- Transbaikalia (Buryatia). Until now, was not found in Central parison of the materials, including signal recordings, from Asia and in the Russian Far East. the Russian Far East and from European Russia showed that REMARKS. A. willemsi is the only European species of A. pectoralis is conspecific with A. salicina . the A. salicina group with such a long ovipositor. Identification A species with a longer ovipositor and shorter hairs on the of this species is based on descriptions, drawings, and photo forewings mentioned by Ossiannilsson (1981) and subsequent of the holotype in Van Stalle [1989] and Liang [2007]; both authors (e.g., Van Stalle, 1989; Biedermann, Niedringhaus, on the drawing in Van Stalle [1989] (reproduced on Fig. 50) 2009; Anufriev, 2017) under the name A. costalis = A. pectora- and on the photo in Liang [2007] long ovipositor is distinctly lis is actually a misidentified A. willemsi (see below). visible.
Distinct differences between the male calling signal patterns of A. salicina and A. willemsi from the same locality and Aphrophora willemsi Lallemand, 1946 , stat.rest.
host indicate that these taxa are different biological species. Figs. 12–13 View Figs 1–16 , 27–28 View Figs 17–31 , 32 View Fig , 39–41, 44, 48–50, 59– 62 Male calling signals of A. major from the Russian Far East
(described in Tishechkin, 2011) distinctly differ from the sig- MALE CALLING SIGNALS. In general, the pattern of nals of A. willemsi from Moscow Oblast and Transbaikalia in the calling signal is the same as in A. salicina , but the sylla- the syllable temporal pattern and repetition frequency. Also, ble repetition frequency is almost half as much and averages A. major has another shape of the genital plates and is much 7–8 syllables/s at 24–27 °C, 8–9 syllables/s at 28–29 °C, and larger (body length in male 11.0–13.2 mm, in female 12.2– 9–10 syllables/s at 31 °C ( Figs 12–13 View Figs 1–16 , 27–28 View Figs 17–31 ). 14.0 mm). All this indicates that synonymization of these spe- DESCRIPTION. Similar to A. salicina , but the yellowish cies by Van Stalle [1989] is erroneous. spot in the basal part of the costal margin of the forewing is Signals of A. willemsi and A. obliqua Uhler, 1896 (described usually more distinct (Figs 39–41). in Tishechkin, 2011) are very similar. Still, A. obliqua Uhler , The hairs on the forewings are about one and a half to two 1896 is a smaller species (body length in male 7.5–8.0 mm, times as long as punctures (Fig. 44). The end of the ovipositor in female 7.8–8.3 mm) with quite another coloration and shape extends far beyond the end of the anal tube (Figs 48–50). As of head and pygofer appendages. It occurs in the southern part in A. salicina , pygofer appendages widened in the middle or of the Russian Far East (Primorsky Krai), south-eastern China, somewhat distally, with narrow apices (Figs 59, 62). Styles and Korea, and Japan. Thus, it is allopatric with A. willemsi . Due 258 Aphrophora gr. salicina of Russia and adjacent territories
Figs 33–51. Aphrophora spp. 33–38, 43, 46–47 ― A. salicina ; 39–41, 44, 48–50 ― A. willemsi ; 42, 45, 51 ― A. itiliensis sp.n. 33–42 ― dorsal habitus; 43–45 ― hairs on the forewing; 46–51 ― end of female abdomen, lateral view. Collection localities are given under the photos. 50 ― holotype, after Van Stalle [1989].
Рис. 33–51. Aphrophora spp. 33–38, 43, 46–47 ― A. salicina ; 39–41, 44, 48–50 ― A. willemsi ; 42, 45, 51 ― A. itiliensis sp.n. 33–42 ― вид сверху; 43–45 ― волоски на переднем крыле; 46–51 ― конец брюшка самки сбоку. Места сбора укаЗаны под фотографиЯми. 50 ― голотип, по Ван Сталле [ Van Stalle, 1989].
Figs 52–69. Aphrophora spp. , male genitalia. 52–58 ― A. salicina ; 59–62 ― A. willemsi ; 63–69 ― A. itiliensis sp.n. 52–55, 59, 62–65 ― pygofer, ventral view; 56–57, 60, 67–69 ― style; 58, 61, 66 ― penis, dorsal view. Collection localities are given under the photos.
Рис. 52–69. Aphrophora spp. , гениталии самца. 52–58 ― A. salicina ; 59–62 ― A. willemsi ; 63–69 ― A. itiliensis sp.n. 52–55, 59, 62–65 ― пигофор, вид сниЗу; 56–57, 60, 67–69 ― стилус; 58, 61, 66 ― пенис, вид сверху. Места сбора укаЗаны под фотографиЯми.
260 Aphrophora gr. salicina of Russia and adjacent territories to this fact, these taxa do not come into acoustic contact, and, consequently, the similarity of temporal patterns of their signals does not prevent their existence as different biological species.
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