Phyllophorinae

Liao, Yulin, Pawson, David L. & Liu, Wei, 2007, Phyllophorus (Phyllophorus) maculatus, a new species of sea cucumber from the Yellow Sea (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea: Dendrochirotida), Zootaxa 1608, pp. 31-34 : 31-32

Key to members of the subfamily Phyllophorinae known from China

1. Tentacles 30 ..................................................................................................................... Anthochirus loui Chang, 1948

- Tentacles 20 ....................................................................................................................................................................2

2. Ossicles four-pillared tables with high spires, the pillars connected by three or more transverse bridges....................3

- Ossicles four-pillared tables with low spires, one transverse bridge present, or bridges absent ....................................7

3. Tentacles 20 in a single ring ...................................... Phyllophorus (Isophyllophorus) orientalis Liao & Pawson, 2001

- Tentacles 20 in two rings. ...............................................................................................................................................4

4. Spires of tables exceedingly high, with about ten transverse bridges.............................................................................. ........................................................................................ Phyllophorus (Phyllothuria) hypsipyrga ( Marenzeller, 1881)

- Spire of table moderately high, with 3–6 transverse bridges ..........................................................................................5

5. Spire of table topped with numerous closely crowded spines ......................................................................................... ................................................................................................. Phyllophorus (Phyllothuria) cebuensis ( Semper, 1868)

- Spire of table topped with few spines, not closely crowded...........................................................................................6

6. Ossicles in tube feet similar to those in body wall ........................ Phyllophorus (Phyllothuria) ordinatus Chang, 1935

- Ossicles in tube feet irregular tables with discs divided into two to five lobes ................................................................ ................................................................................. Phyllophorus (Phyllothuria) donghaiensis Liao & Pawson, 2001

7. Ossicles absent from body wall except near posterior end; tables with nodulous periphery........................................... .................................................................................................... Phyllophorus (Phyllophorus) maculatus new species

- Ossicles common in all parts of body wall; tables with or without nodulous periphery ...............................................8

8. Calcareous ring with long posterior projections, each composed of about 8–12 pieces.................................................9

- Calcareous ring with relatively short posterior projections, each composed of five or fewer pieces ..........................10

9. Discs of tables with peripheral knobs; body fusiform, up to 50 mm long ....................................................................... ......................................................................................... Phyllophorus (Phyllophorella) dubius ( Cherbonnier, 1960) .

- Discs of tables without peripheral knobs; body vermiform, up to 200 mm long ............................................................. ................................................................................................ Phyllophorus (Phyllophorella) liuwutiensis Yang, 1937

10. Tables irregular, discs with marginal projections ...................... Phyllophorus (Phyllophorella) spiculata Chang, 1935

- Tables regular, discs lacking marginal projections ........................................................................................................... .......................................................................... Phyllophorus (Phyllophorella) kohkutiensis Heding & Panning, 1954