Ficus insipida Willdenow (1806: 1143)

Pederneiras, Leandro Cardoso, Mansano, Vidal De Freitas & Romaniuc-Neto, Sergio, 2017, Taxonomic synopsis of the Ficus sect. Pharmacosycea (Moraceae) from Colombia, Phytotaxa 313 (1), pp. 1-22 : 9-10

9. Ficus insipida Willdenow (1806: 1143) , nom. et typ. cons. recommended by the Nomenclature Committee for

Vascular Plants ( Applequist 2013: 1325).

Cons. Type:— COLOMBIA. Valle : Río Calima, región del Chocó, entre La Trojila y Guadualito, 11 March 1944, J. Cuatrecasas 16851 (cons. type: COL; isotype: F) .

= Ficus glabrata Kunth (1817: 47) . Type:— COLOMBIA. Bolívar: Cantagalo , Bohórquez , Río Magdalena, V.1801, Bonpland s.n. (lectotype designated here: P-129782!; isolectotype: P-669788!).

= Ficus palmirana Dugand, Caldasia (1944a: 379) . Type:— COLOMBIA. El Valle, Valle del Cauca, Palmira , Belén , 3 Dez 1940, C. Garcés s.n. (holotype: COL 13120 !; isotype: COL 1058!, COL 1059!, COL 11651 , US!).

= Ficus glabrata var. obtusula Dugand (1944c: 136) . Type:— COLOMBIA. Putumayo: Río Caucayá , 18 May 1942, R. E. Schultes 3788 (holotype: COL!; isotype: GH!, K!).

Terrestrial trees, 10–30 m tall. Leaf blade 12–30 cm long, 5.0– 12.5 cm wide, elliptic, base obtuse to cuneate, apex acute, sometimes acuminate, face adaxial puberulent, face abaxial hispid to puberulent; secondary veins 19–21 pairs; petiole 2.5–4.5 cm long, glabrous, periderm persistent; stipules caducous, 5.0– 11 cm long, glabrous. Syconia solitary; peduncle 0.5–1.0 cm long, puberulent; lateral bracts rarely present; receptacle 1.4–2.1 cm in diam. when dry, puberulent, apex rounded to subapiculate ( Fig. 4D ).

Distribution and habitat in Colombia: —Amazonas, Antioquia, Bolívar, Boyacá, Caquetá, Cauca, Cesar, Chocó, Cudinamarca, Huila, Guajira, Magdalena, Santa Marta, Meta, Nariño, Norte de Santander, Putumayo, Risaralda, Riosucio, Santander, Tolima, and Valle del Cauca, in lowland to premontane rainforests at elevations of 30–1400 m ( Fig. 5 ).

Selected specimens: — COLOMBIA. Viola, André 1672 (K).— AMAZONAS: entre ríos Loreto-Yacu y Hamacayacu, Jaramillo 2004 (COL); Desembocadura Río Loreto-Yacu-Lagos del Tigre, Jaramillo 2517 (COL, NY); Schultes 6865 (COL, GH, K, US); Isla Arica, Río Putumayo, boca del Igaraparaná, Schultes 3999 (COL,GH, INPA, US); La Pedrera, Schultes 16365 (GH, US); Leticia, Soejarto 883 (F, GH); Letícia, Muroodoo, McDaniel 11805 (F); Letícia, Amacayaco, Barreto-Silva 2150 (SP); Trapézio amazônico, Loretoyacu River, Schultes 6939 (GH, K, US).— ANTIOQUIA: Anorí, Cañón del Río Porce entre Quebrada San Benigno, Fonnegra 2286 (HUA, RB); Cáceres, 42.8 Km S of Caucasia, Brant 1282 (COL, HUA, K, NY); Chigorodó, 15 km de Chigorodó, Feddema 1957 (NY, US); Dabeiba, cerca del Ríosucio, Uribe 1494 (JAUM); Mutatá, Carretera Mutatá-Pavarando, Fonnegra 1693 (HUA, NY, RB); Mutatá, Aguas Claras, Callejas 5703 (HUA, NY); Mutatá, Entre Caucheras y Mutatá. Cuatrecasas 26211 (COL, US); Santa Bárbara, La Pintada, Espinal 876 (COL); Santa Fé de Antioquia, Barkley s.n. (COL, US); Valdivia, Orilla Río Cauca, entre Puerto Valdivia y Valdivia, Metcalf 30086 (COL, F, GH, US); Zaragoza, Corregimiento Saltillo en la vía Zaragoza- Segovia, Callejas 4664 (HUA, NY); Mutatá, 3.5 Km N of Mutatá on road to Chigorodó, Zarucchi 5028 (COL, F, HUA, NY, US, VEN); Santa Barbara, Río Cauca Valley, Gentry 28803 (NY).— BOLÍVAR: Ayapel, Palotal, Romero 1157 (COL).— BOYACA: Santa Maria, Fernández 23034 (COL).— CAQUETÁ: último campamento en el Caguán, Romero-Castañeda 4135 (COL, F, GH, NY, P); San Vicente del Caguán, Via a Algeciras, Little 7772 (COL); Solano, Little 9769 (COL, US); Puerto Lara, Plowman 2268 (GH, US); Casanare, Orocué, Boyaca, Orocue, Río Meta, García-Barriga 18541 (COL, GH, NY).— CAUCA: Popayán, Alrededores, Idrobo 6107 (COL).— CESAR: Chimichagua, Jiménez 280 (COL).— CHOCÓ: Parque Nacional Natural Los Kátios, Zuluaga 141 (COL); Acandí, corregimiento de Chugandí, Idárraga 2954 (COL); Jurado, Camp Curiche, Duke 11339 ( US); Nuquí, Corregimiento Termales, Betancur 6052 (COL, HUA, US).— CUNDINAMARCA: Graduas a Palmar, García-Barriga 11789 (COL); La Palma, Quintana Ch. s.n. (COL); entre Pandi y Icononzo, García-Barriga 11985 (COL, US).— HUILA: La Bodega, Little 8956 ( US); Suaza, Little 8457 (COL, F, US).— GUAJIRA: Riohacha, Corregimiento Tomarrazón, Marulanda 2247 (COL, HUA, VEN).— MAGDALENA: Fundacion, Dugand 2450 (COL).— SANTA MARTA: Smith 2663 (F, GH, K, NY, P); Desembocadura Río Piedra, Parque Natural Tayrona, Moreno 224 (COL).— META: Puerto López, Little 8293 ( US); Villavicencio, Uribe 840 (JAUM); Sabanas de San Juan de Arama, Idrobo 1236 (GH, US); Llanos Orientales, Puerto Lopéz, García-Barriga 8468 (COL); Villavicensio, André 1026 (K).— NARIÑO: Barbacoas, Río Telembi, Sitio de Las Mercedes, Aguirre 516 (RB); Gorgonilla Island, Killip 33056 (COL, F, US).— NORTE DE SANTANDER: Bochalema. Nicéforo s.n. (COL); Reyes, via Tibu-Petrolera, García-Barriga 18470 (COL); Cúcuta, Nicéforo s.n. (COL).— PUTUMAYO: La Concepción, márgenes Río Putumayo, Cuatrecasas 10808 (COL, F, US); Mocoa, Serna 517 (JAUM). RISARALDA: Balboa, Sopkin 5552 (F).— RIOSUCIO: Región de Urabá, Cárdenas 1295 (JAUM); Parque Hal. Nat. Los Catios, Camino Tilupe Peye, Forero 1771 (COL, NY, SP); Región de Urabá, Cárdenas 2067 (JAUM).— SANTANDER: Puerto Araujo, Rentería 1837 (HUA, JAUM, NY); Vicinity of Puerto Berrio, between Carare and Magdalena Rivers, Haught 1722 (COL, F, US); Vía San Juan Carare, Rentería 1471 (HUA, COL, NY).— TOLIMA: Purificación, a la orilla del Magdalena, Valera 67 (COL); entre Honda y Maríquita, García-Barriga 8167 (NY).— VALLE DEL CAUCA: Jamundí, cerca el Río Jamundí, Uribe 1208 (JAUM); Santiago de Cali, Jaramillo 4339 (COL, NY).

Notes:— In the present work we conclude that F. insipida in the old sense (e.g., DeWolf 1965, Berg 2009) should be treated as three species in Colombia: F. insipida , F. segoviae , and F. mexicana . Ficus insipida differs from F. mexicana by the number of secondary veins (19–21 vs. 13–15 pairs), and differs from F. segoviae by the syconium size (1.4–2.1 vs. 2.7–5.0 cm in diam. when dry). These differences are marked by pronounced discontinuous patterns that are useful and taxonomically informative. There are no intermediate specimens that may bring uncertainties in the boundaries of each species.

Kunth (1817) did not mention the herbarium at which the type of F. glabrata was deposited. DeWolf (1965) cited material at Paris Herbarium (P) as the lectotype, but there are two collections there, so a lectotype is needed. From the two known collections of F. glabrata by Bonpland (P 129782 and P 669788), we have chosen the collection P 129782 because it is the most complete of both specimens, it has four leaves and a stem fragment. Since the lectotype of F. glabrata consists only of fragments and it is sterile it is not a suitable model for comparison and identification of newly collected specimens. To accurately delimit F. glabrata it was necessary to find a fertile specimen ideally collected near the type locality (Magdalena River, Bohorquez, Canterbury, Department of Bolivar, Colombia) and similar to those cited in the protologue in Willdenow (1806) and lectotype (Bonpland s.n., P 129782). We were able to locate Haught 1722, which was collected only 100 km from the type locality also near the Magdalena River. This material has a leaf blade measuring 12–18 cm long and 5.0–6.0 cm wide, with an acuminate apex and 17–19 pairs of secundary veins, identical to the leaves of the type material. There are no other similar species in the region. We therefore consider Haught 1722 as an epitype of the name Ficus glabrata .

Figures

FIGURE 4. Twigs with syconia and stipules. A, B. Ficus dulciaria (Barbosa 8557, Correa 1286). C. F. gigantosyce (Garcia-Barriga 15335). D. F. insipida (Zarucchi 5028).

FIGURE 5. Distribution of Ficus gigantosyce, F. insipida, F. macrosyce, F. maxima, F. mexicana, F. mutisii and F. pulchella in Colombia based on herbarium specimens.