Atlides Hübner

Martins, Ananda Regina P., Duarte, Marcelo & Robbins, Robert K., 2019, Phylogenetic Classification of the Atlides Section of the Eumaeini (Lepidoptera, Lycaenidae), Zootaxa 4563 (1), pp. 119-134 : 129-130

Atlides Hübner , [1819]

type species: Papilio halesus Cramer

Riojana d'Abrera & Bálint, 2001, ICZN Opinion 2358 (2015)

type species: Thecla thargelia Burmeister

Atlides in the phylogenetic results is characterized by five synapomorphies ( Table 1), but as with Brangas , they are tentative because we included only three Atlides species in the phylogenetic analyses. A double scent pad in the discal cell ( Fig. 11 ) is a trait that appears to be unique to Atlides , but we do not yet know if it is a synapomorphy. The type species of Atlides and Riojana share this trait.

There are eighteen described and four undescribed species in Atlides . The species A. halesus is unique in the Atlides Section in that it occurs widely in the temperate parts of North America (south in the mountains to Costa Rica). Atlides thargelia occurs widely in subtropical parts of southern South America.

Atlides and Brangas have traditionally been considered close relatives because of ventral wing pattern similarity ( Draudt 1919 –1920). The results in Quental (unpublished dissertation) and here support a sister group hypothesis. However, because the taxon sampling for this paper was incomplete for Atlides and Brangas , it is yet premature to conclude whether the wing pattern similarities between these two genera are due to inheritance from a common ancestor or to convergence.

Atlides halesus (Cramer, 1777) (Papilio) , type locality: USA (VA)

dolichus Hübner, [1819], type locality:?, nom. nud.

dolichos Hübner, 1823, type locality: USA (GA)

juanita (Scudder, 1868) ( Thecla ), type locality: USA (FL)

cynara ( Godman & Salvin, 1887) ( Thecla ), type locality: Mexico (OAX)

corcorani Gunder, 1934, type locality: USA (CA) described as Atlides halesus tr. f. corcorani.

estesi Clench, 1942, type locality: USA (CA) described as Atlides halesus corcorani f. estesi. Distribution and Habitat. Temperate parts of the United States to Mexico, south in the mountains to Guatemala and Costa Rica.

Atlides gaumeri (Godman, 1901) (Thecla) , type locality: Mexico (YUC) Distribution and Habitat. Mexico to Panama in deciduous forest.

Atlides polybe (Linnaeus, 1763) (Papilio) , type locality: ["Indiis"], an incorrect type locality. Distribution and Habitat. Mexico to southern Brazil in wet and dry lowland forest, occasionally in lower montane forest.

Atlides dahnersi Bálint, Constantino & K. Johnson, 2003 , type locality: Colombia Distribution and Habitat. Western Colombia in montane forest.

Atlides carpophora (Hewitson, 1868) (Thecla) , type locality: Mexico.

Distribution and Habitat. Mexico to western Ecuador in forest in both lowlands and lower montane forest. Northern Venezuela to eastern Peru in lower montane and montane forest.

Atlides inachus (Cramer, 1775) (Papilio) , type locality: "West Indies", an incorrect type locality.

baeton (Sepp, [1829]) ( Papilio ), type locality: Surinam

Distribution and Habitat. The Amazonian Region in wet lowland forest.

Atlides cosa (Hewitson, 1867) (Thecla) , type locality:?

Distribution and Habitat. Eastern Brazil from BA to RS in lowland and montane forest.

Atlides misma D'Abrera, 1995 , type locality: Brazil (PR)

Distribution and Habitat. Eastern and central Brazil from DF and PE to RS in lowland and montane forest. Atlides atys (Cramer, 1779) (Papilio) , type locality: Surinam

scamander Hübner, [1819], type locality: Surinam, repl. Name

Distribution and Habitat. Costa Rica to southern Brazil in wet lowlands.

Atlides halljasoni Bálint, Kertész , & Wajtusiak, 2006, type locality: Ecuador

Distribution and Habitat. Colombia to Peru in wet montane forest.

Atlides bacis ( Godman & Salvin, 1887) (Thecla) , type locality: Panama

vulnerata (Staudinger, 1888) ( Thecla ), type locality: Colombia

melidor (H.H. Druce, 1909) ( Thecla ), type locality: Peru

Distribution and Habitat. Costa Rica to southern Brazil in wet lowlands.

Atlides carpasia (Hewitson, 1868) (Thecla) , type locality: Mexico

Distribution and Habitat. Mexico to Panama in lower montane forest, at lower elevations in the north. Atlides browni Constantino, Salazar & K. Johnson, 1993 , type locality: Colombia

centralis Salazar & Henao, 2004 , New Synonym, type locality: Colombia

described as Atlides browni centralis .

Distribution and Habitat. Colombia and Ecuador in montane forest.

Synonymy. A biological hypothesis that A. centralis is a distinct geographic form is premature because there are only two known males of the “ centralis ” phenotype.

Atlides rustan (Stoll, 1790) (Papilio) , type locality: " China ", an incorrect type locality.

macaria (Swainson, 1822) ( Thecla ), type locality: Brazil (PE)

Distribution and Habitat. Mexico to southern Brazil in wet and dry lowland forest, up to lower montane forest.

Atlides polama (Schaus, 1902) (Thecla) , type locality: Brazil (PR; RJ)

Distribution and Habitat. Eastern Brazil from MG to SC in montane forest.

Atlides havila (Hewitson, 1865) (Thecla) , type locality: Colombia

Distribution and Habitat. Colombia to Peru in montane (usually dry) forest.

Atlides zava (Hewitson, 1878) (Thecla) , type locality:?

iracema (J. Zikán & W. Zikán, 1968) ( Thecla ), type locality: Brazil (RJ; MG), nom. nud.

striata (Bálint, K. Johnson & Kroenlein, 1998) (Denivia) , type locality: Brazil (SP), new synonym

ponsanota (Bálint, K. Johnson & Kroenlein, 1998) (Denivia) , type locality: Brazil (SP), new synonym Distribution and Habitat. Eastern Brazil from MG to SC in montane forest.

Synonymy. The male holotypes of striata and ponsanota have a double discal cell scent pad, a trait that is restricted to Atlides . Their description in Denivia was incorrect. We find no characters to differentiate these holotypes from A. zava .

Atlides thargelia (Burmeister, 1878) (Thecla) , type locality: Argentina

Distribution and Habitat. Bolivia to Uruguay in subtropical forest.

Figures

FIGURES 9–15. Hindwing anal lobe cleft (black arrows). 9. Arcas imperialis, 10. Brangas getus, 11. Atlides cosa (with a forewing double scent pad in the discal cell—red arrow), 12. Theritas drucei, 13. Lucilda danaus, 14. Pseudolycaena damo, 15. Denivia silma.