Diglyphomorphomyia Girault, 1913

Hansson, Christer, 2022, Diglyphomorphomyia Girault (Chalcidoidea: Eulophidae) new to the Neotropical region including nine new species, Zootaxa 5141 (4), pp. 321-340 : 322-323

publication ID	https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.5141.4.2
publication LSID	lsid:zoobank.org:pub:921F70E3-3BE5-4D5D-BBFA-DCD87C3082C8
DOI	https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6592914
persistent identifier	https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039087EE-0433-FFF7-FF7F-FBC3FA5776F0
treatment provided by	Plazi
scientific name	Diglyphomorphomyia Girault, 1913
status

Treatment

Diglyphomorphomyia Girault, 1913 View in CoL

Diglyphomorphomyia Girault, 1913:281 View in CoL . Type species Diglyphomorphomyia nigriscutellum Girault, 1913:281 View in CoL , by original designation.

Elachertus (Neolachertus) Narendran, 2004:129–130 . Type species Elachertus nexius Narendran, 2004:130–132 View in CoL , by original designation and monotypy. Synonymized by Narendran et al. (2005b:33).

Diagnosis. Mandibles with two large teeth at apex and with a row of four small teeth above these ( Fig. 25 View FIGURES 25–30 ). Occipital margin with sharp edge ( Figs 5, 6 View FIGURES 5–8 ). Mesoscutellum with sublateral grooves consisting of pit-rows, grooves either converging in posterior part and joining posteromedially ( Fig. 13 View FIGURES 13–16 ) or missing in posteromedian part ( Fig. 6 View FIGURES 5–8 ), lateral part of grooves either ±straight ( Fig. 9 View FIGURES 9–12 ) or distinctly sinuate and converging medially ( Fig. 4 View FIGURES 1–4 ). Dorsellum with small dents along posterior margin ( Fig. 37 View FIGURES 37–38 ). Propodeum ( Figs 37, 38 View FIGURES 37–38 ) with complete plicae, callus with a longitudinal, complete and sharp carina in median part, carina ending in a blunt spine posteriorly, and with 5–9 setae in a single row along carina; supracoxal flange large and ±transparent ( Figs 37, 38 View FIGURES 37–38 ). Fore wing with postmarginal vein 1.0–1.4× as long as stigmal vein. Gaster with dorsal part of Gt 1 strongly expanded backwards with posterior margin semicircular ( Fig. 13 View FIGURES 13–16 ), covering about one-half of gaster, and with distinct groove in anterior-median part ( Figs 6 View FIGURES 5–8 , 23 View FIGURES 21–24 ). All species from the Old World have deep punctures or foveae on mesoscutum and mesoscutellum, but these are not present in Neotropical species of the genus.

Description of Neotropical Diglyphomorphomyia . Eyes hairy; malar sulcus present; clypeus convex, with ventral margin protruding and rounded, part just above clypeus with strong reticulation; mandibles with two large teeth at apex and with a row of four small teeth above these; antennal scrobes undelimited; occipital margin with a sharp edge. Antenna inserted just above lower level of eyes, scape not reaching anterior ocellus; male scape not enlarged, as narrow as in female; with six flagellomeres: four funiculars and two clavomeres, funiculars with a short to long stalk in anterior part, female with one small anellus, no anellus visible in male; male with unbranched flagellomeres. Pronotum short, with or without a carina along anterior margin of pronotal collar. Mesoscutum with narrow and complete notauli; midlobe with 2–4 pairs of setae. Mesoscutellum with sublateral grooves consisting of pit-rows, grooves either converging and joining posteromedially, or missing in posteromedian part, with two pairs of long and strong setae, attached just lateral to sublateral grooves close to lateral margin of mesoscutellum, one pair in median part and one pair close to posterior margin. Axillae advanced forward just slightly in front of transscutal articulation. Dorsellum with small dents along posterior margin. Propodeum with a strong and complete median carina with a large ±semicircular cup in very anterior part; with complete plicae; propodeal callus with a longitudinal, sharp and complete carina in median part, carina ending in a blunt spine posteriorly, with 5–9 setae in a single row along carina; supracoxal flange large and ±transparent. Fore wing with 3–9 setae on dorsal surface of submarginal vein; speculum present, closed below and towards base of wing; costal cell with a ±complete row of setae on ventral surface or with scattered setae, and with 3–25 setae along apico-dorsal margin; with a row of 9–20 admarginal setae below ±entire marginal vein on ventral side of membrane; postmarginal vein 1.0–1.4× as long as stigmal vein. Hind leg with two short tibial spurs, longest spur about half as long as T1. Petiole as a narrow band to transverse with strong sculpture on dorsal surface. Gastral tergites ±strongly sclerotized, non-collapsing, smooth or with very weak reticulation and shiny; dorsal part of Gt 1 strongly expanded backwards with posterior margin semicircular, covering about one half of gaster.

Distribution. Australia ( Girault 1913, 1915), China ( Zhu and Huang 2003, Fan and Li 2022), India ( Narendran 2004, 2011, Narendran et al. 2005a, 2005b), Indonesia ( Ubaidillah 2003), Korea ( Bouček 1988), Malaysia ( Bouček 1988), Papua New Guinea ( Bouček 1988), Sri Lanka ( Motschulsky 1863), Taiwan ( Zhu and Huang 2003), Uganda ( Bouček 1988), Yemen ( Yefremova 2007). Neotropical species of Diglyphomorphomyia are this far recorded from Central America, from Belize to Costa Rica. The actual distribution in the Neotropical region is very probably much larger, including also tropical parts of South America.

Biology. An undescribed species of this genus was reared in Uganda from a stem borer (presumably a Lepidoptera) on Physalis (Solanaceae) ( Bouček 1988). Thompson (1955) recorded D. rufescens (Motschulsky) from Saissetia coffeae (Walker) ( Hemiptera : Coccidae ), but this is a mistake, a misreading from Motschulsky (1863). The record for S. coffeae is for the species that follows after D. rufescens , Encyrtus ? nietneri Motschulsky (now Microterys nietneri (Motschulsky)) .

Diglyphomorphomyia belongs in the “ Elachertus complex” (see discussion), and species of Elachertus and some related genera are primary parasitoids on larvae of various Lepidoptera groups living in concealed situations ( Schauff 1985a, 1985b, Schauff et al. 1997). The record from Physalis agrees with this ecology.

Key to species

1. Females (the female is unknown for D. carinifer )............................................................ 2

- Males (males are unknown for D. albiclava View in CoL , D. albicoxa , D. cristata , D. metallica , D. parva )......................... 9

2. Pronotal collar with a carina along anterior margin ( Figs 4 View FIGURES 1–4 , 8 View FIGURES 5–8 ).................................................. 3

- Pronotal collar without a carina along anterior margin (e.g. Figs 2 View FIGURES 1–4 , 16 View FIGURES 13–16 )........................................... 4

3. Fore and hind coxae yellowish-brown ( Fig. 7 View FIGURES 5–8 )................................................ D. cristata sp. nov.

- All coxae white ( Fig. 3 View FIGURES 1–4 )................................................................. D. albicoxa sp. nov.

4. Head yellowish-brown ( Fig. 25 View FIGURES 25–30 ).......................................................... D. albiclava View in CoL sp. nov.

- Head dark brown to black (with or without metallic tinges).................................................... 5

5. Head black with metallic blue tinges ( Figs 9 View FIGURES 9–12 , 28 View FIGURES 25–30 )............................................ D. metallica sp. nov.

- Head dark brown to black, not metallic (e.g. Fig. 31 View FIGURES 31–36 )......................................................... 6

6. Mesosoma predominantly yellowish-brown ( Figs 12 View FIGURES 9–12 , 16 View FIGURES 13–16 )...................................................... 7

- Mesosoma dark brown to black ( Figs 6 View FIGURES 5–8 , 13 View FIGURES 13–16 )................................................................ 8

7. Large species (2.9mm); costal cell with 15 setae along apico-dorsal margin ( Figs 15, 16 View FIGURES 13–16 )................ D. pilosa sp. nov.

- Small species (0.9–1.4mm); costal cell with 2–4 setae along apico-dorsal margin ( Figs 11, 12 View FIGURES 9–12 )........... D. parva sp. nov.

8. Hind coxa white ( Fig. 14 View FIGURES 13–16 ); propodeum without costula ( Fig. 37 View FIGURES 37–38 ).............................. D. pedunculata sp. nov.

- Hind coxa dark brown ( Fig. 5 View FIGURES 5–8 ); propodeum with costula ( Fig. 6 View FIGURES 5–8 )................................ D. costulata sp. nov.

9. Antennal funiculars strongly pedunculate ( Fig. 20 View FIGURES 17–20 ), e.g. stalk in anterior part on F4 ca 0.8× as long as width flagellomere...................................................................................... D. pedunculata sp.nov

- Antennal funiculars weakly pedunculate (e.g. Fig. 36 View FIGURES 31–36 ), e.g. stalk in anterior part on F4 at most 0.2× as long as width flagellomere............................................................................................. 10

10. Pronotal collar with a carina along anterior margin ( Fig. 18 View FIGURES 17–20 ).................................... D. carinifer sp. nov.

- Pronotal collar without a carina along anterior margin ( Figs 22, 23 View FIGURES 21–24 )............................................. 11

11. Flagellomeres with long setae, about as long as flagellomere they are attached to ( Fig. 35 View FIGURES 31–36 ); propodeum with costula ( Fig. 23 View FIGURES 21–24 )................................................................................... D. costulata sp. nov.

- Flagellomeres with short setae, much shorter than flagellomere they are attached to ( Fig. 36 View FIGURES 31–36 ); propodeum without costula ( Fig. 22 View FIGURES 21–24 ).................................................................................... D. pilosa sp. nov.