Delphacidae, Leach, 1815
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publication ID |
https://doi.org/ 10.11646/zootaxa.4564.1.5 |
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publication LSID |
lsid:zoobank.org:pub:5EA3EB07-F3FD-4F05-9478-EAE0AA797CDE |
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DOI |
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5943481 |
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persistent identifier |
https://treatment.plazi.org/id/039087C3-FFDE-FFBA-1388-B5AFA5BB0596 |
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treatment provided by |
Plazi |
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scientific name |
Delphacidae |
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Key to subfamilies and tribes of Delphacidae View in CoL View at ENA
1 Post-tibial spur quadrate or spine-like in cross section, always without teeth on inner (trailing) margin ( Fig. 2A View FIGURE 2 ), setae scattered or in regular rows ( Fig. 2B View FIGURE 2 ); row of spines on apex of hind tibiae continuous and equal in size ( Fig. 2A View FIGURE 2 ), or with median spine (3 rd spine) reduced ( Fig. 2B View FIGURE 2 ); mesonotum with 4 to 5 carinae ( Figs 2C, D View FIGURE 2 ); subantennal carinae on genae weak ( Fig. 2F View FIGURE 2 ) or absent ( Fig. 2G View FIGURE 2 ); gonapophyses apex with row of teeth ( Figs 6 View FIGURE 6 , 7 View FIGURE 7 )................................... Asiracinae (2)
- Post-tibial spur usually flattened in cross section and with row of teeth on inner margin ( Fig. 2I View FIGURE 2 ); if teeth absent, then spur flattened and often with a single tooth at apex (i.e., Tropidocephalini and rarely in Delphacini ; Fig. 2J View FIGURE 2 ); setae usually absent on spur, but may be present along inner margin ( Fig. 2K View FIGURE 2 ); spines on apex of hind tibiae unequal in size and orientation [usually grouped as 2 outer and 3+ inner, sometimes one spine is anterior to row ( Figs 2I - K View FIGURE 2 )]; 3 carinae on mesonotum ( Fig. 2E View FIGURE 2 ); subantennal carinae on genae developed ( Fig. 2H View FIGURE 2 ); gonapophyses variable........................................... 8
2 Post-tibial spur quadrate in cross section, setae in regular rows on angles; row of spines on apex of hind tibiae with median spine displaced basad ( Fig. 2B View FIGURE 2 ); carinae on genae absent ( Fig. 2G View FIGURE 2 )............................................. 3
- Post-tibial spur spine-like (rounded) in cross section, setae irregularly arranged; row of spines on apex of hind tibiae equal in length, lacking displaced medial spine ( Fig. 2A View FIGURE 2 ); weak carina on genae ( Fig. 2F View FIGURE 2 )................................... 4
3 Well-defined bend (flexion) of forewing at nodal line when wings in repose (black bar, Fig. 3A View FIGURE 3 ); straight intermediate carina on mesonotum ( Fig. 3B View FIGURE 3 ); vertex not narrow and extending past eyes; small tooth or protuberance near apex of gonapophyses IX ( Fig. 7 View FIGURE 7 ); Indomalayan distribution............................................................ Eodelphacini
- Flexion of forewing obscure when wings in repose, sclerotized markings present on cells near apex of Sc/R 1 of forewing (pterostigma; Fig. 3C View FIGURE 3 ); vertex narrow, extending anteriorly beyond eyes ( Fig. 3D View FIGURE 3 ); tooth absent near apex of gonapophyses IX ( Figs 6C, D View FIGURE 6 ); widespread in tropics (except Africa).................................................... Ugyopini
4 Antennae flattened, foliaceous, and elongate ( Fig. 3E View FIGURE 3 ), exceeding apex of mesonotum [e.g., Copicerus View in CoL spp., Asiraca View in CoL spp.)]; carinae weak on genae ( Fig. 2F View FIGURE 2 ); gonapophyses with 29–58 teeth, membranous sheath along ventral apical third ( Figs 6A, B View FIGURE 6 ); Neotropical, Palearctic, Afrotropical distribution....................................................... Asiracini
- Antennal segments cylindrical ( Fig. 3F View FIGURE 3 ), if flattened, then antennae short (not reaching apex of mesonotum); gonapophyses not as above; New World............................................................................... 5
5 One vertical median carina on frons ( Fig. 3G View FIGURE 3 ); apex of gonapophyses with small teeth concentrated on apex ( Fig. 8 View FIGURE 8 ); Caribbean and/or Neotropical distribution....................................................................... 6
- Two vertical median carinae on frons ( Fig. 3H View FIGURE 3 ); 16–26 lobed, well-separated teeth along entire length of gonapophyses ( Fig. 9 View FIGURE 9 ); widespread in New World................................................................... Idiosystatini
6 Abdomen dorsoventrally flattened ( Fig. 3I View FIGURE 3 ), body depressed, size greater than 4 mm; forewings not deeply lobed; gonapophyses shaft with 13 rounded, well-separated teeth ( Fig. 8A View FIGURE 8 ); Caribbean distribution.......................... Neopunanini
- Abdomen not dorsoventrally flattened, size less than 4 mm; forewings deeply lobed ( Fig. 3J View FIGURE 3 ); gonapophyses shaft without teeth ( Figs 8B, C View FIGURE 8 ); Neotropical distribution................................................................. 7
7 Vertex much broader than long, bearing transverse keel-shaped sub-median carina ( Fig. 2D View FIGURE 2 ); 5 mesonotal carinae; head not narrower than pronotum; gonapophyses with small protuberance near apex, 13 lobed teeth ( Fig. 8B View FIGURE 8 ).......... Platysystatini
- Vertex longer than broad, without transverse keel-shaped submedian carinae ( Fig. 4B View FIGURE 4 ); head narrower than pronotum; gonapophyses strongly curvilinear ( Fig. 8C View FIGURE 8 )............................................................. Tetrasteirini
8 Post-tibial spur weakly flattened with setae and 5–12 large conical teeth on inner margin ( Fig. 2K View FIGURE 2 ); antennae elongate, reaching abdomen ( Fig. 4G View FIGURE 4 ); distal part of aedeagus with short tube bearing apical gonopore (see Asche 1990, Figs 14 View FIGURE 14 , 15 View FIGURE 15 ); gonapophyses with small, minute, rounded teeth ( Fig. 10A View FIGURE 10 ); Indomalayan distribution.................... Vizcayinae : Vizcayini
- Post-tibial spur flattened, lacking setae, usually with numerous teeth (often fine) on inner margin (teeth lacking, except apically, in Tropidocephalini and rarely Delphacini ) ( Figs 2I, J View FIGURE 2 ); antennae shorter, not reaching abdomen; gonapophyses without small, rounded teeth ( Figs 20 View FIGURE 20 –25)......................................................................... 9
9 Post-tibial spur flattened, with numerous large conical teeth; 4 inner spines, with 1 spine anterior to row on apex of basitarsus ( Fig. 4A View FIGURE 4 ); inverted V-shaped carinae on vertex ( Fig. 4C View FIGURE 4 ); semicircle-shaped gonapophyses ( Fig. 10B View FIGURE 10 ); Neotropical distribution (plus Japan).............................................................. Plesiodelphacinae : Plesiodelphacini
- Post-tibial spur flattened, usually foliaceous or tectiform with numerous fine teeth (except Tropidocephalini and rarely Delphacini ; Figs 2A, B View FIGURE 2 ); basitarsus lacks 1 spine anterior to row; inverted V-shaped carinae on vertex absent; gonapophyses IX not semicircle-shaped.................................................................................... 10
10 Vertex slightly to greatly projected beyond eyes ( Figs 4D, E View FIGURE 4 ); sometimes with black dot on genae (blemma) ( Fig. 4F View FIGURE 4 ); aedeagus surrounded by membranous sheath (phallotheca) ( Fig. 4H View FIGURE 4 ); subanal processes may be present ( Fig. 4I View FIGURE 4 ); enlarged gonoplacs may be present ( Fig. 5B View FIGURE 5 ); gonapophyses spatulate dorsally or linear laterally, teeth highly variable ( Figs 11–15 View FIGURE 11 View FIGURE 12 View FIGURE 13 View FIGURE 14 View FIGURE 15 ), posteriorly orientated along margin....................................................... Stenocraninae and Kelisiinae (11)
- Vertex variable in length, usually not projecting beyond eyes ( Fig. 2E View FIGURE 2 ); gonoplacs never enlarged; blemma absent; aedeagus usually entirely fused with phallotheca forming composite structure (sometimes termed theca), subanal processes absent ( Fig. 5A View FIGURE 5 ); gonapophyses not as above ( Figs 16–20 View FIGURE 16 View FIGURE 17 View FIGURE 18 View FIGURE 19 View FIGURE 20 ).................................................. Delphacinae (12)
11 Post-tibial spur large, foliaceous and tectiform (tent-like) bearing fine black teeth along posterior margin ( Fig. 5C View FIGURE 5 ); apex of basitarsus with 2 outer and 5 inner spines; blemma absent; aedeagus with well-developed phallotheca incompletely surrounding aedeagus (aedeagus movable with respect to phallotheca), phallotheca usually bearing ventrally directed apical process(es) ( Fig. 4H View FIGURE 4 ); male anal tube bearing ventral processes; female usually with enlarged gonoplacs ( Fig. 5B View FIGURE 5 ); gonapophyses spatulate, teeth shape variable ( Figs 11–14 View FIGURE 11 View FIGURE 12 View FIGURE 13 View FIGURE 14 ); cosmopolitan distribution with most species Holarctic........................................................................................................ Stenocraninae : Stenocranini
- Post-tibial spur smaller, slightly tectiform with large, flattened teeth ( Fig. 5D View FIGURE 5 ); apex of basitarsus with 2 outer and 4 inner spines; blemma often present on genae ( Fig. 4F View FIGURE 4 ); male genitalia with 1 to 2 elongate subanal processes ( Fig. 4I View FIGURE 4 ); male anal tube without processes; female without enlarged gonoplacs; gonapophyses slight to strongly curvilinear, with numerous small and rounded teeth, apex strongly porrect, blunt or rounded ( Fig. 15 View FIGURE 15 ); Holarctic distribution................ Kelisiinae : Kelisiini
12 Two outer and 5 inner distal spines on posterior tibiae ( Fig. 5E View FIGURE 5 ); basitarsus with 2 outer and six inner distal spines; aedeagus thin and often elongate (may be coiled at base and enclosed within sac formed by membranous diaphragm of pygofer); gonapophyses triangular-shaped dorsally, 15–23 rhomboid-shaped teeth ( Fig. 16 View FIGURE 16 ); fragile, thin-bodied delphacids, often green or yellow in life; Nearctic, Neotropical, and Caribbean distribution (1 species in far east [ Japan, Korea, etc.])...................................................................................................... Saccharosydnini
- Two outer and 3 inner distal spines on posterior tibiae ( Figs 2I, J View FIGURE 2 ); basitarsus, aedeagus and gonapophyses not as above........................................................................................................ 13
13 Post-tibial spur without teeth along inner margin, apical tooth usually present ( Fig. 2J View FIGURE 2 ); 2 outer and 4 inner spines on basitarsus (2+ 5 in Malaxa View in CoL ); theca closely associated with base of anal tube (suspensorium absent); base of theca asymmetrically twisted with basal process (see Bartlett, 2010b); diaphragm of male pygofer weakly sclerotized; gonapophyses strong to weakly sinuate with large, equally spaced teeth ( Fig. 18 View FIGURE 18 ); widespread (absent in Holarctic except western Europe)..... Tropidocephalini
- Post-tibial spur with numerous black-tipped teeth on margin (rarely absent, e.g., Liburniella ornata View in CoL ); 2 outer and 5 inner spines on basitarsus ( Fig. 2I View FIGURE 2 ); suspensorium well-developed; base of theca usually symmetrical ( Fig. 5A View FIGURE 5 ); diaphragm of pygofer usually sclerotized with well-developed armature; gonapophyses IX sinuate with numerous sharp or rounded teeth, apex porrect and serrate ( Figs 19 View FIGURE 19 , 20 View FIGURE 20 ); diverse and cosmopolitan................................................... Delphacini
No known copyright restrictions apply. See Agosti, D., Egloff, W., 2009. Taxonomic information exchange and copyright: the Plazi approach. BMC Research Notes 2009, 2:53 for further explanation.