Colletes

Yu, Maxim & Kuhlmann, Michael, 2012, The bees of the genus Colletes Latreille 1802 of the Ukraine, with a key to species (Hymenoptera: Apoidea: Colletidae), Zootaxa 3488, pp. 1-40 : 35-36

Key to the Colletes species of Ukraine

Males

For the identification of males it is generally recommended and necessary for most species to dissect genitalia and especially S7. Due to variation in size and outer morphology the shape and size of S7 is the easiest and most reliable character for the identification of the majority of species. For all species (except C. tardus where no specimens have been available) S7 has been imaged at the same scale to facilitate rapid orientation and identification.

1 Scutellum on each side with large curved tooth ( Fig. 5a ); S7 as in Fig. 12a and T1–2 as in Fig. 12 b...... C. graeffei Alfken

- Scutellum without lateral teeth........................................................................... 2

2 Metanotum medially raised and conspicuously convex, with an apical drop almost overhanging the horizontal part of propo- deum (cf. Fig. 5 b)..................................................................................... 3

- Metanotum even or only slightly convex, in about the same level as the horizontal part of propodeum.................. 5

3 Head conspicuously elongate, malar area more than twice as long than width of base of mandible (cf. Fig. 20 c); S7 as in Fig. 12 c and T1-2 as in Fig. 12 d................................................................ C. nasutus Smith

- Head not elongate, malar area shorter than width of base of mandible............................................ 4

4 T1 coarsely punctate, apical margin of T1 sharply and deeply depressed, entirely smooth ( Fig. 12 f); S7 as in Fig. 12 e.......................................................................................... C. punctatus Mocsary

- T1 with finer punctation, apical margin of T1 only slightly depressed, apically only with narrow smooth margin ( Fig. 11 d); S7 as in Fig. 11 c..................................................................... C. albomaculatus (Lucas)

5 Facial fovea broad, about 3-4 times as wide as width of antennal flagellum (cf. Fig. 5 c); metasomal terga without distinct api- cal hair bands ( Fig. 11 b); large species (11–15 mm); S7 as in Fig. 11a ....................... C. cunicularius (Linnaeus)

- Facial fovea narrow, sometimes up to about twice as wide but usually only as wide as antennal flagellum or narrower; meta- somal terga with apical bands or at least apicolateral hair patches; species usually smaller........................... 6

6 Apical hair fringe of S5 medially with hairs more than twice as long than laterally ( Figs 8 e, f)........................ 7

- Apical hair fringe of S5 without distinctly longer hairs medially................................................ 8

7 Elongate part of apical hair fringe of S5 narrow and hairs longer medially ( Fig. 8 e); punctation on the discs of T1-2 more dis- persed ( Fig. 8 b); S7 broader ( Fig. 8a ).................................................... C. caspicus Morawitz

- Elongate part of apical hair fringe of S5 broad and hairs shorter medially ( Fig. 8 f); punctation on the discs of T1-2 more dense ( Fig. 8 d); S7 narrower ( Fig. 8 c)......................................................... C. maidli Noskiewicz

8 S6 laterally with a pair of large and dense patches of short hair on either side ( Fig. 5 d); T1 with a broad transparent apical mar- gin ( Fig. 7 b); S7 as in Fig. 7a ....................................................... C. carinatus Radoszkowski

- S6 either without lateral hair patches or with small tufts of hair on either side ( Fig. 5 e)............................. 9

9 S6 with a pair of apical grooves ( Fig. 5 f) (these species can be difficult to identify without a reference collection)........ 10

- S6 without grooves................................................................................... 11

10 Punctures on disc of T1 larger ( Fig. 14 b); S7 apically deeply emarginate ( Fig. 14a )............. C. brevigena Noskiewicz

- Punctures on disc of T1 smaller ( Fig. 14 d); S7 apically shallowly emarginate ( Fig. 14 c).......... C. succinctus (Linnaeus)

11 Eyes strongly and distinctively converge below ( Fig. 6a ); S7 as in Fig. 13 e and T1–2 as in Fig. 13 f............................................................................................... C. mlokossewiczi Radoszkowski

- Eyes converge less distinctively below.................................................................. 12

12 Hind basitarsus apically slightly broadened ( Fig. 10 f); S7 as in Fig. 10 c and T1–2 as in Fig. 10 d. C. inexpectatus Noskiewicz

- Hind basitarsus parallel-sided, not apically broadened................................................ see below

Figures

FIGURE 5. a. Colletes graeffei Alfken, male: scutellum; b. C. punctatus Mocsary, female: metanotum and propodeum in lateral view; c. C. cunicularius (Linnaeus), female: facial fovea; d. C. carinatus Radoszkowski, male: metasomal S 5 with lateral hair patch; e. C. inexpectatus Noskiewicz, male: metasomal S 5 with lateral hair tuft; f. C. collaris Dours, male: metasomal S 6 with pair of apical grooves. Scale bar: 1 mm.

FIGURE 12. a. Colletes graeffei Alfken, male: Metasomal sternum 7 (dorsal view); b. Metasomal terga 1 and 2; c. C. nasutus Smith, male: Metasomal sternum 7 (dorsal view); d. Metasomal terga 1 and 2; e. C. punctatus Mocsary, male: Metasomal sternum 7 (dorsal view); f. Metasomal terga 1 and 2. Scale bar: 1 mm.

FIGURE 20. a. Colletes graeffei Alfken, female: Head; b. Metasomal terga 1 and 2; c. C. nasutus Smith, female: Head; d. Metasomal terga 1 and 2; e. C. punctatus Mocsary, female: Head; f. Metasomal terga 1 and 2. Scale bar: 1 mm.

FIGURE 11. a. Colletes cunicularius (Linnaeus), male: Metasomal sternum 7 (dorsal view); b. Metasomal terga 1 and 2; c. C. albomaculatus (Lukas), male: Metasomal sternum 7 (dorsal view); d. Metasomal terga 1 and 2; e. C. anchusae Noskiewicz, male: Metasomal sternum 7 (dorsal view); f. Metasomal terga 1 and 2. Scale bar: 1 mm.

FIGURE 8. a. Colletes caspicus Morawitz, male: Metasomal sternum 7 (dorsal view); b. Metasomal terga 1 and 2; c. C. maidli Noskiewicz, male: Metasomal sternum 7 (dorsal view); d. Metasomal terga 1 and 2; e. C. caspicus Morawitz, male: Metasomal sterna with apical hair fringe on S 5; f. C. maidli Noskiewicz, male: Metasomal sterna with apical hair fringe on S 5. Scale bar: 1 mm.

FIGURE 7. a. Colletes carinatus Radoszkowski, male: Metasomal sternum 7 (dorsal view); b. Metasomal terga 1 and 2; c. C. eous Morice, male: Metasomal sternum 7 (dorsal view); d. Metasomal terga 1 and 2; e. C. hylaeiformis Eversmann, male: Metasomal sternum 7 (dorsal view); f. Metasomal terga 1 and 2. Scale bar: 1 mm.

FIGURE 14. a. Colletes brevigena Noskiewicz, male: Metasomal sternum 7 (dorsal view); b. Metasomal terga 1 and 2; c. C. succinctus (Linnaeus), male: Metasomal sternum 7 (dorsal view); d. Metasomal terga 1 and 2. Scale bar: 1 mm.

FIGURE 6. a. Colletes mlokossewiczi Radoszkowski, male: head; b. C. maidli Noskiewicz, female: propodeum in lateral view; c. C. annejohnae Kuhlmann, female: propodeum in lateral view; d. C. similis Schenck, female: propodeum in lateral view; e. C. marginatus Smith, female: vertex with sharp edge; f. C. wolfi Kuhlmann, female: fore tibia. Scale bar: 1 mm.

FIGURE 13. a. Colletes chengtehensis Yasumatsu, male: Metasomal sternum 7 (dorsal view); b. Metasomal terga 1 and 2; c. C. marginatus Mocsary, male: Metasomal sternum 7 (dorsal view); d. Metasomal terga 1 and 2; e. C. mlokossewiczi Radoszkowski, male: Metasomal sternum 7 (dorsal view); f. Metasomal terga 1 and 2. Scale bar: 1 mm.

FIGURE 10. a. Colletes tuberculatus Morawitz, male: Metasomal sternum 7 (dorsal view); b. Metasomal terga 1 and 2; c. C. inexpectatus Noskiewicz, male: Metasomal sternum 7 (dorsal view); d. Metasomal terga 1 and 2; e. C. tardus Noskiewicz, male: Metasomal sternum 7 (dorsal view) (after Noskiewicz 1936); f. C. inexpectatus Noskiewicz, male: Hind basitarsus. Scale bar: 1 mm.