Anisakis simplex (Rudolphi, 1809) Dujardin, 1845

Arai, Hisao P. & Smith, John W., 2016, Guide to the Parasites of Fishes of Canada Part V: Nematoda, Zootaxa 4185 (1), pp. 1-274 : 121-123

* Anisakis simplex (Rudolphi, 1809) Dujardin, 1845 (sensu lato)

Includes * Anisakis simplex B and C auct

Description (after Beverley-Burton et al. 1977, J. W. Smith 1983, and J. W. Smith & Wootten 1984b). With characteristics of the genus. Off-white in colour, L3 lie in capsules coiled like a watch-spring. From 8.8 to over 30 long. Cuticle usually transversely striated near anterior and posterior extremities. Mouth triangular with bilobed dorsal lip and two bilobed ventro-lateral lips, each lip with pair of indistinct papillae. Anteroventrally projecting boring tooth located ventral to mouth ( Fig. 73 A,B,C). Excretory pore between ventro-lateral lips with single duct passing up from excretory cell ( Fig. 73 A,B). Dorsal oesophageal gland extends just anterior to nerve ring. Two small ventro-lateral glands near posterior end of oesophagus. Oesophagus comprises preventriculus and ventriculus. Ventral side of ventriculus slightly longer than dorsal side ( Fig. 73 A). Intestinal-rectal valve short, lined externally by four epithelial cells. Three rectal glands, two dorsal and one ventral. Tail rounded with retractable mucron ( Fig. 73 D). Length of preventriculus and ventriculus linearly related to total body length. Mean length of thirty L3 from one fish host was 22.6 (range 18.0–22.9), mean preventriculus length 1.94, and mean ventriculus length 0.89.

Sites: body cavity, alimentary tract, mesenteries, musculature

Hosts: Acipenser transmontanus (33); Alosa aestivalis (57); Alosa pseudoharengus (6, 57); Amblyraja radiata (49); Ammodytes dubius (28, 49); Argentina silus (49); Atheresthes stomias (76); Boreogadus saida (70, 73, 83); Brosme brosme (49); Clupea harengus (2, 4, 6, 7, 19, 25, 30, 32, 34, 35, 41, 54, 65, 68, 70, 72, 74); Clupea pallasi (8, 11, 12, 13, 73); Coregonus huntsmani (83); Cyclopterus lumpus (49); Gadus macrocephalus (74); Gadus morhua (17, 27, 28, 29, 36, 41, 42, 48, 49, 55, 60, 61, 64, 70, 73, 80, 82); Gadus macrocephalus (65); Glyptocephalus cynoglossus (28, 36, 49, 65); Hemitripterus americanus (49, 65); Hippoglossoides platessoides (28, 31, 36, 40, 63, 64); Hippoglossus hippoglossus (36, 49, 74); Hippoglossus stenolepis (67, 71, 78); Limanda ferrugineus (36, 49, 63, 65); Lophius americanus (49); Lycodes spp. (65); Mallotus villosus (26, 37, 62, 65, 72); Melanogrammus aeglefinus (36, 49); Merluccius bilinearis (6, 36, 65); Merluccius productus (5, 22); Microgadus tomcod (83); Myoxocephalus octodecemspinosus (65, 83); Myoxocephalus scorpius (65, 83); Nezumia bairdii (65); Oncorhynchus gorbuscha (74); Oncorhynchus keta (74); Oncorhynchus mykiss (24); Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (75); Peprilus triacanthus (49); Phycis chesteri (49); Pollachius virens (36, 49, 65); Pseudopleuronectes americanus (36, 49, 63, 65, 77, 80); Reinhardtius hippoglossoides (16, 43, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 56, 58, 59, 65, 69, 70, 73); Salmo salar (1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 9, 10, 14, 19, 70, 73, 83, 84); Salvelinus alpinus (83); Salvelinus fontinalis (15, 38, 39); Scomber scombrus (6, 19, 36, 49); Scomberesox saurus (70, 73); Scophthalmus aquosus (49); Sebastes fasciatus (49, 66); Sebastes mentella (49, 66, 79); Sebastes spp. (36, 65); Squalus acanthias (49); Theragra chalcogramma (18, 20, 23, 68, 70, 73, 74); Urophycis chuss (49); Urophycis tenuis (49, 65, 81); Xiphias gladius (21); unspecified “fish” (44, 45, 46, 47); Zoarces americanus (65)

Distribution: Atlantic, British Columbia, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Nunavut, Pacific, Quebec

Records: 1. Nyman & Pippy 1972 (AT); 2. Pippy 1973a (AT); 3. Pippy 1973b (AT); 4. Beverley-Burton et al. 1977 (AT); 5. Margolis & Beverley-Burton 1977 (PA): 6. Gaevskaya & Umnova 1977 (AT); 7. Beverley-Burton & Pippy 1977 (AT); 8. Arthur 1978 (PA); 9. Beverley-Burton 1978b (AT); 10. Beverley-Burton & Pippy 1978 (AT); 11. Arthur & Arai 1979 (PA); 12. Arthur & Arai 1980a (PA); 13. Arthur & Arai 1980b (PA); 14. Pippy 1980 (AT); 15. G. A. Black 1981a (QC); 16. Reimer 1981 (NU); 17. Appy & Burt 1982 (AT); 18. Arthur et al. 1982 (PA); 19. Threlfall 1982 (AT); 20. Arthur 1983 (PA); 21. Hogans et al. 1983 (AT); 22. Sankurathri et al. 1983 (PA); 23. Arthur 1984 (PA); 24. Margolis 1984 (PA); 25. McGladdery 1984 (AT); 26. Pálsson & Beverley-Burton 1984 (AT); 27. Khan 1985 (AT); 28. McClelland et al. 1985 (AT); 29. Wells et al. 1985 (ATl); 30. McGladdery & Burt 1985 (AT); 31. Zubchenko 1985a (AT); 32. Chenoweth et al. 1986 (AT); 33. Margolis & McDonald 1986 (PA); 34. McGladdery 1986a (AT); 35. McGladdery 1986b (AT); 36. Morrison et al. 1986 (AT); 37. Pálsson 1986 (AT); 38. Frimeth 1987a (NB); 39. Frimeth 1987b (NB); 40. McClelland et al. 1987 (AT); 41. Brattey 1988 (AT); 42. Chandra & Khan 1988 (AT); 43. Wierzbicka 1988 (AT); 44. Berland et al. 1989 (AT); 45. Burt et al. 1989a (AT); 46. Mattiucci & Paggi 1989 (AT); 47. Burt et al. 1989b (AT); 48. Brattey et al. 1990 (AT); 49. McClelland et al. 1990 (AT); 50. Wierzbicka 1991a (AT); 51. Wierzbicka 1991b (AT); 52. Arthur & Albert 1992a (AT); 53. Arthur & Albert 1992b (AT); 54. Bradford & Iles 1992 (AT); 55. Brattey & Bishop 1992 (AT); 56. Krzykawski & Wierzbicka 1992 (AT); 57. Landry et al. 1992 (AT); 58. Arthur & Albert 1993 (AT); 59. Arthur & Albert 1994 (AT); 60. Marcogliese & Boily 1994 (AT); 61. McClelland & Marcogliese 1994 (AT); 62. Arthur et al. 1995 (AT); 63. Martell & McClelland 1995 (AT); 64. Boily & Marcogliese 1995 (AT); 65. Marcogliese 1995a (AT); 66. Moran et al. 1996 (AT); 67. Blaycock 1996 (PA); 68. Mattiucci et al. 1996 (PA); 69. Boje et al. 1997 (AT); 70. Mattiucci et al. 1 9 9 7 (AT, PA); 7 1. Blaycock et al. 1998a (PA); 72. Hays et al. 1998 (AT); 73. Paggi et al. 1998a (AT, PA); 74. Paggi et al. 1998b (PA); 75. Urawa et al. 1998 (PA); 76. Wierzbicka & Piasecki 1998 (PA); 77. Khan 1999 (AT); 78. Blaycock et al. 2003 (PA); 79. Marcogliese et al. 2003 (AT); 80. McClelland et al. 2005 (AT); 81. Melendy et al. 2005 (AT); 82. McClelland & Melendy 2011 (AT); 83. Pufall et al. 2012 (NU); 84. Larrat et al. 2013 (QC).

Figures

FIGURE 73. * Anisakis simplex (Rudolphi, 1809) Dujardin, 1845 (sensu lato). A. L 3, anterior end, lateral view; B. L 3, head, sagittal view; C. L 3, head, en face view D. L 3, tail, lateral view. (A. and D. redrawn from J. W. Smith & Wootten 1984 b; B. and C. redrawn from Beverley-Burton et al. 1977)