Minibiotus intermedius ( Plate, 1888 )

Kaczmarek, Łukasz, Michalczyk, Łukasz & Mcinnes, Sandra J., 2015, Annotated zoogeography of non-marine Tardigrada. Part II: South America, Zootaxa 3923 (1), pp. 1-107 : 79-81

197. Minibiotus intermedius ( Plate, 1888) [T]

Macr. intermedius n. sp. ( Plate 1888)

Makrobiotus intermedius Plate ( Richters 1911a)

M. intermedius Plate ( Murray & Wailes 1913, Iharos 1969) Macrobiotus intermedius Plate. ( Heinis 1914)

Macrobiotus intermedius Plate, 1888 (de Barros 1942b, Ramazzotti 1964a ) M. intermedius Plate, 1888 (du Bois-Reymond Marcus 1944, Iharos 1982, Claps & Rossi 1988) Macrobiotus intermedius Plate ( Iharos 1963, Mihelčič 1967)

Macrobiotus intermedius (o subintermedius ?) ( Ramazzotti 1964b )

M. intermedius ( Mihelčič 1972)

Minibiotus intermedius (Plate) ( Claps & Rossi 1997)

Minibiotus intermedius (Plate, 1889) (Claxton 1998, Nickel et al. 2001)

Minibiotus intermedius Plate, 1888 ( Pilato et al. 2002)

Macrobiotus intermedius ( Montoya et al. 2010)

Terra typica: Chile (South America)

Argentina:

• 27°27′S, 58°39′W; 50 m asl: Corrientes Province, old road to Santa Ana, Selaginella sp. in lagoon. Claps & Rossi (1988)

• 33°00′S, 58°31′W; 0 m asl: Entre Ríos Province, Gualeguaychú, lichens on tree. Claps & Rossi (1988)

• 41°12′S, 71°50′W; 1,000 m asl: Rio Negro Province, Tronador (Ventisqueros) [Ventisquero Negro del Cerro Tronador], mosses form dry stones in full sun and lichens on rocks (2 samples). Mihelčič (1967)

• 41°14′S, 71°46′W; 800 m asl [850 m asl]: Rio Negro Province, Parque Nacional Nahuel Huapi, Pampalinda [Pampa Linda] near Cainquenes stream, lichens on dry trees in full sun. Mihelčič (1967)

• 41°58′S, 71°31′W; 390 m asl: Rio Negro Province, Bolson [El Bolsón], cypress grove, lichens and mosses on dry rocks in full sun (2 samples). Mihelčič (1967)

• 41°58′S, 71°29′W; 1,200 m asl: Rio Negro Province, El Bolsón, Piltriquitron Mt., mosses on dry soil under Mulinum spinosum and between Berberis shrubs. Iharos (1963)

• 54°39′S, 68°30′W; 800 m asl: Tierra del Fuego Province, National Park Ushuaia [Tierra del Fuego National Park], soil. Iharos (1982)

• Undefined localities cited according Mihelčič (1967), dry mosses on tree in full sun, dry and in full sun, and shaded and wet mosses and lichens on soil, shaded mosses and lichens on rocks, dry and wet tufts and rosette plants on rocks (6 samples). Mihelčič (1972)

Bolivia:

• 14°29′S, 67°48′W; 3–7,000 ft asl / 900– 2,150 m asl: La Paz Department, Tuichi valley. Murray & Wailes (1913)

• 14°49′S, 69°04′W; 11–12,000 ft asl / 3,350–3,650 m asl: La Paz Department, Pelechuco. Murray & Wailes (1913)

Brazil:

• 21°49′S, 49°05′W: Undefined localities in São Paulo State, few localities. de Barros (1942b)

• 22°44′S, 45°35′W; 1,650 m asl: São Paulo State, Campos do Jordão, mosses or aquatic plants. du Bois-Reymond Marcus (1944)

• 22°45′S, 47°24′W; 550 m asl: São Paulo State, Município de Sta. Bárbara [Município Santa Bárbara d ′Oeste], mosses or aquatic plants. du Bois-Reymond Marcus (1944)

• 25°26′S, 49°16′W; 900 m asl: Paraná State, Curitiba, mosses or aquatic plants. du Bois-Reymond Marcus (1944)

Chile:

• 22°30′S, 67°54′W; 4,150–4,600 m asl: Region II Antofagasta, Cerro Pajonal, near Bolivian border, lichens. Ramazzotti (1964a)

• 33°22′S, 70°31′W; 800 m asl: Region RM Metropolitana (Región Metropolitana de Santiago), the Andes near Santiago de Chile, El Arrayán Valley, mosses. Iharos (1969)

• 33°27′S, 71°40′W; 3–5 m asl: Region V Valparaíso (Región de Valparaíso), Quebrada de Cordoba/El Tabo, lichens. Ramazzotti (1964a)

• 33°30′S, 70°55′W; 850 m asl: Region RM Metropolitana (Región Metropolitana de Santiago), Quebrada de La Plata, shrubs upland, moss and lichen on rocks (2 samples). Iharos (1969)

• 35°00′S, 70°48′W; 720 m asl: Region VII Maule (Región del Maule), Los Queñes/Curicò, mosses. Ramazzotti (1964a)

• 35°40′S, 71°32′W: Type Locality: Undefined locality in Chile, moss. Plate (1888)

• 37°43′S, 73°02′W; 1,100 m asl: Undefined locality in Region IX Araucania (Región de la Araucanía), Cordillera Nahuelbuta, lichen. Ramazzotti (1964a)

• 42°37′S, 73°49′W; 50–100 m asl: Region X Los Lagos (Región de Los Lagos), Chiloé Island, mosses (2 samples). Ramazzotti (1964b)

• 51°34′S, 72°36′W; 200 m asl: Region XII Magallanes (Región de Magallanes y de la Antártica Chilena), Ultima Esperanza, near Cueva del Milodón, mosses on rocks, in sunlight. Maucci (1988)

Colombia:

• 07°09′N, 75°23′W; 1,400 m asl: Antioquia Department, Cafetal La Camelia, lichens and hepatic ( Frullania okamiensis Steph. ) on soil, and mosses ( Trichostomum raapaii Broth. , Brachythecium stereopama (Spruge) and Leucobryum sp.) (4 samples). Heinis (1914)

• 07°07′N, 73°02′W; 1,970 m asl: Santander Department, El Diviso Natural Reserve, Pine forest ( Pinus patula ), moss ( Sematophyllum insularum ). Jerez & Narváez (2001)

• 06°49′N, 72°56′W; 1,460 m asl: Santander Department, Guaca, moss ( Squamidium nigricans Hook. ). Heinis (1914)

• 04°36′N, 74°04′W; 2,700 m asl: Bogota Department, above Bogota, mosses ( Pilopogon gracilis and Campylopus sp.). Heinis (1914)

• 04°34′N, 74°13′W; 2, 500 m asl: Undefined locality on Pass des Boqueron, moss ( Omphalanthus filiformis (Sw.) Nees. Heinis (1914)

• 04°34′N, 74°02′W; 3,600 m asl: Bogota Department, Páramo Cruz Verde, Sphagnum sp. and mosses. Heinis (1914)

• 04°29′N, 73°57′W; 2,300 m asl: Cundinamarca Department, near Ubaque, below Páramo Cruz Verde, mosses (Erythrodontrium consanguineum, Tortula sp., Campylopus sp., Sphagnum sp.). Heinis (1914)

Ecuador:

• 00°54′N, 78°33′W; 800 m asl: Esmeraldas Province, Alto Tambo, liverwort ( Plagiochila punctata ). Pilato et al. (2002)

Paraguay:

• 22°39′S, 57°46′W; 50 m asl: Concepción Department, Puerto Max, between Concepción and Rio Ata, lichens, mosses and hepatics ( Forsstroemia cuspidata and Frullania sp.). Richters (1911a)

Peru:

• 13°04′48′′S, 72°18′00′′W; 2,350 m asl [13 ° 10′S, 72 ° 33′W; 2,500 m asl]: Cusco Region, Machu Picchu, mosses or lichens. Nickel et al. (2001)

• 13°08′24′′S, 72°10′12′′W; 2,300 m asl [13 ° 15′S, 72 ° 16′W; 2,850 m asl]: Cusco Region, Ollantaytambo, mosses or lichens. Nickel et al. (2001)

• 13°10′S, 72°33′W, 2,450 m asl: Cusco Region, Machu Picchu, mosses and lichens on rock. Kaczmarek et al. (2014b)

• 13°12′S, 69°38′W; 1–3,000 ft asl / 300–900 m asl: Madre de Dios Region, Tambopata Valley. Murray & Wailes (1913)

Uruguay:

• 30°57′S, 57°31′W; 50 m asl: Salto Department, Termas del Arapey, mosses or lichens on rocks, trees or posts or aquatic macrophytes. Claps & Rossi (1997)

• 31°03′S, 57°38′W; 50 m asl: Salto Department, neighbourhood of Arroyo los Palomas, mosses or lichens on rocks, trees or posts or aquatic macrophytes. Claps & Rossi (1997)

• 31°20′S, 57°51′W; 50 m asl: Salto Department, Arroyo San Antônio de Chico, mosses or lichens on rocks, trees or posts or aquatic macrophytes. Claps & Rossi (1997)

• 31°23′S, 57°57′W; 50 m asl: Salto Department, Salto, mosses or lichens on rocks, trees or posts or aquatic macrophytes. Claps & Rossi (1997)

• 32°31′S, 55°46′W: Undefined locality, Cañada Cousillas, mosses or lichens on rocks, trees or posts or aquatic macrophytes. Claps & Rossi (1997)

• 34°25′S, 57°44′W; 50 m asl: Colonia Department, Riachuelo, mosses or lichens on rocks, trees or posts or aquatic macrophytes. Claps & Rossi (1997)

• 34°28′S, 57°50′W; 0 m asl: Colonia Department, Colonia [Colonia del Sacramento], mosses or lichens on rocks, trees or posts or aquatic macrophytes. Claps & Rossi (1997)

Venezuela:

• 10°24′N, 67°36′W: Undefined locality in Region Central, Aragua, Girardot [Girardot Municipality]. Claxton (1998)

• 09°57′N, 72°52′W: Undefined locality in Region Zuliana, Zulia, Perij [Rosario de Perij Municipality]. Claxton (1998)

• 08°46′N, 70°49′W; 4,300 m asl: Region Los Andes, Mérida, Mucuñuque Mt., surface samples from peat bog. Montoya et al. (2010)

• 08°46′N, 70°49′W; 3,900 m asl: Region Los Andes, Mérida, Mucuñuque Mt., surface samples from peat bog. Montoya et al. (2010)

• 08°36′N, 70°06′W: Undefined locality in Region Los Andes, Barinas, Obispos [Obispos Municipality]. Claxton (1998)

• 08°05′N, 70°20′W: Undefined locality in Region Los Andes, Barinas, Pedraza [Pedraza Municipality]. Claxton (1998)

• 07°36′N, 71°37′W: Undefined locality in Region Los Andes, Barinas [Táchira], Libertador [Libertador Municipality]. Claxton (1998)

Record numbers: Argentina: 8, Bolivia: 2, Brazil: 4, Chile: 9, Colombia: 7, Ecuador: 1, Paraguay: 1, Peru: 4, Uruguay: 7, Venezuela: 7; total: 50.

Remarks: Originally described from Chile, Minibiotus intermedius was considered cosmopolitan ( McInnes 1994a) but modern taxonomy shows it to be a species complex (Claxton 1998). Non-Neotropical records of Minibiotus intermedius probably belong to other species, while other species, similar to Minibiotus intermedius , occur in South America. We suggest that all examples previously reported from South American should be re-examined.

Montoya et al. (2010) only collected eggs in their studies, so their identification is uncertain. Ramazzotti (1964a) did not find eggs and was thus unable to confirm whether his specimens belong to M. intermedius or M. subintermedius .