Haplosyllis

Lattig, Patricia & Martin, Daniel, 2009, A taxonomic revision of the genus Haplosyllis Langerhans, 1887 (Polychaeta: Syllidae: Syllinae), Zootaxa 2220, pp. 1-40 : 8-9

Key to the Haplosyllis species

1 Anterior chaetae clearly different from midbody chaetae; some with an incision on MF, unidentate or pseudocom- pound ............................................................................................................................................................................ 2

- Anterior chaetae similar to midbody chaetae, often small, with short MF.................................................................. 5

2 Small worms, 2–3 mm long. Chaetae from first 6 chaetigers, with an incision on MF ( Fig. 5 C).... H. anthogorgicola

- Medium to long worms, 6–20 mm long (rarely 4–6 mm). Anterior chaetae without such incision ........................... 3

3 Anterior chaetae with clear traces of fusion between blade and shaft; midbody chaetae completely simple, without such traces ( Figs 19 C, 20C–D) ............................................................................................................. H. spongiphila

- All chaetae simple, without such traces of fusion; some with anterior unidentate chaetae, or with small denticles on MF ( Figs 18 A–C, 21A)................................................................................................................................................ 4

4 Anterior chaetae bidentate. Midbody chaetae unidentate. Denticles on MF absent ( Fig. 21 A–B) … H. streptocephala

- All chaetae bidentate. Anterior ones with small denticles on MF, usually eroded in midbody chaetae ( Fig. 18 A–D). ................................................................................................................................................................. H. spongicola

5 Midbody parapodia with 2–3 chaetae differing in size and shape. Smallest chaeta with short proximal tooth; largest chaeta with MJP long and straight ( Fig. 23 E, G, H) .................................................................................................... 6

- Midbody parapodia with chaetae all similar ( Figs 10 B, 22F) ..................................................................................... 7

6 Pharynx extending 10–11 segments. Largest chaetae of each midbody parapodium with short, almost invisible distal tooth ( Fig. 23 A, H). 4–6 posterior aciculae ............................................................................................. H. uncinigera

- Pharynx extending 4–6 segments. Largest chaetae of each midbody parapodium with apical teeth similarly in size, or distal one slightly shorter but clearly visible ( Fig. 12 H). 1–2 posterior aciculae............................. H. djiboutiensis

7 Midbody chaetae with proximal tooth long, with pointed tip; distal tooth absent or very short, thin ( Fig. 9 B–C) .... 8

- Midbody chaetae with apical teeth of similar length, sometimes proximal tooth sligtly shorter ................................ 9

8 Anterior and midbody chaetae unidentate, or with a very small distal tooth; more hooked and clearly bidentate when posterior-most. Body yellow to violet “in vivo”, with dark violet dorsal marks .................................. H. chamaeleon

- All chaetae bidentate, distal tooth small, often difficult to see. Body uniformly yellowish, without marks.................. ............................................................................................................................................................ H. villogorgicola

9 Chaetae with MJP short and curved. Denticles of US of MF absent ( Figs 4 B, 7F, 10B) ......................................... 10

- Chaetae with MJP diagonal ( Fig. 2 C) or straight (only in largest chaetae) ( Figs 8 D, 13H, 16E). Spines of US of MF present or absent.......................................................................................................................................................... 13

10 Body fragile, slender, small, 1–5 mm long, less than 0.5 mm wide .......................................................................... 11

- Body robust, long, 10–30 mm long, about 1 mm wide .............................................................................................. 12

11 All dorsal cirri slender. Chaetae broad, with short apical teeth, distal tooth shorter than distal one ( Figs 6 A, 7F) ...... ................................................................................................................................................................... H. basticola

- Tentacular cirri and first dorsal cirri slender; dorsal cirri often very broad. Chaetae slender, apical teeth long, similar in size ( Fig. 10 B) ................................................................................................................................. H. crassicirrata

12 MF resembling a third tooth ( Fig. 22 E–F); 3–6 chaetae per parapodia..................................................... H. trifalcata

- MF very short, but not resembling a third tooth ( Fig. 4 A–C); 1–2 chaetae per parapodia ........................... H. agelas

13 MJP diagonal. Denticles on US long, reaching apical teeth ( Fig. 2 C) ............................................................. H. loboi

- MJP long and straight. Denticles on US never reaching apical teeth ......................................................................... 14

14 Pharynx half as thin as proventricle................................................................................................... H. carmenbritoae

- Pharynx broad, similar to proventricle width or slightly thinner................................................................................ 15

15 Pharynx short, extending 3–4 segments, broader in the middle, reaching the proventricle as a funnel ( Fig. 13 A) ....... ........................................................................................................................................................................... H. gula

- All pharynx similarly wide, extending 4–18 segments ( Fig. 8 A).............................................................................. 16

16 Mid-sized worms, 4–10 mm long, less than 1 mm wide. All dorsal cirri short......................................................... 17

- Long, robust worms, 25–44 mm long, 1–3 mm wide ............................................................................................... 18

17 Parapodia with 1–2 chaetae, spines on US of MF absent or very short .................................................. H. cephalata

- Parapodia with 2–7 chaetae, long spines on US of MF ............................................................................ H. granulosa

18 Parapodia with 14–20 chaetae, 8–13 aciculae. Trepan absent ............................................................... H. cratericola

- Parapodia with 5–8 chaetae, 3 aciculae. Trepan may be present .................................................................... H. ohma

Figures

FIGURE 2. Different chaetal shapes according to MJP. A—straight, relatively short (left), or long (right), B—diagonal, C—curved and short. Lines are: A, B, distance between base of proximal tooth and beginning of MF; B, beginning of MF (small), slope of MJP and MF (long).

FIGURE 4. Haplosyllis agelas. A—anterior chaeta, B—midbody chaeta, C—posterior chaetae; D—midbody acicula; E—posterior body aciculae. Scale bar 20 Μm.

FIGURE 5. Haplosyllis anthogorgicola. A—anterior end, dorsal view; B—posterior end, dorsal view; C—anterior chaeta; D—anterior acicula; E—midbody chaeta; F—midbody acicula; G—posterior chaeta; H—posterior acicula. Scale bars: A – B = 200 Μm; C – H = 20 Μm.

FIGURE 6. Haplosyllis basticola. A—anterior end, dorsal view; B—posterior end, dorsal view; C—anterior parapodia, chaetigers 4 and 5; D—anterior chaeta; E—anterior acicula; F— midbody chaeta; G—midbody acicula. Scale bars: A – B = 200 Μm; C = 97 Μm; D – G = 20 Μm.

FIGURE 8. Haplosyllis cephalata. A—anterior dorsal view; B—anterior chaeta; C—anterior aciculae; D—midbody chaeta; E—midbody acicula; F—posterior most chaeta; G—posterior most acicula. Scale bars: A = 200 Μm; B – G = 20 Μm.

FIGURE 9. Haplosyllis chamaeleon. A—anterior chaeta; B—midbody chaetae; C—posterior chaetae. Scale bar 20 Μm.

FIGURE 10. Holotype of Haplosyllis crassicirrata. A—anterior chaeta; B—midbody chaetae; C—posterior chaetae. Scale bar 10 Μm.

FIGURE 12. Polytype of Haplosyllis djiboutiensis. A—anterior end, dorsal view; B—anterior parapodium; Cmidbody parapodium; D—chaeta from chaetiger two; E—chaetae from chaetiger five; F—anterior acicula; G—largest chaeta, midbody, main fang in backward possition; H—largest chaeta, midbody; I—shortest chaeta, midbody; Jaciculae, midbody. Scale bars: A = 200 Μm; B – C = 50 Μm; D – J = 20 Μm.

FIGURE 13. Haplosyllis gula. A—anterior end, dorsal view; B—posterior end, dorsal view; C—anterior parapodium; D—posterior parapodium; E—anterior chaeta; F—anterior aciculae; G—shortest chaeta, midbody; H—largest chaeta, midbody; I—posterior acicula. Scale bars: A – B = 200 Μm; C – D = 100 Μm; E – I = 20 Μm.

FIGURE 18. Haplosyllis spongicola. Long specimen, 1.4 cm long: A—third chaetiger; B—midbody chaeta. Small specimen, 5 mm long: C—third chaetiger; D—midbody chaetae. Scale bars: A, C, D = 10 Μm; B = 30 Μm.

FIGURE 21. Holotype of Haplosyllis streptocephala. A—bidentate chaetae, anterior chaetiger; B—unidentate chaetae, midbody. Scale bar: 20 Μm.

FIGURE 22. Holotype of Haplosyllis trifalcata. A—anterior end, dorsal view; B— anterior parapodium; C—midbody parapodium; D—posterior most parapodium; E, F, G—anterior, midbody and posterior bidentate chaetae, respectively; H—tridentate chaeta, posterior parapodia; I—simple chaeta, posterior most parapodia; J, K, L—anterior, midbody and posterior aciculae, respectively. Scale bars: A = 200 Μm; B – D = 100 Μm; E – L = 20 Μm.

FIGURE 23. Haplosyllis uncinigera. A—anterior end, dorsal view; B—anterior parapodium; C—midbody parapodium; D—posterior end, dorsal view; E—anterior chaetae; F—anterior aciculae; G—smaller chaeta, midbody; H—largest chaetae, mid- body; I—posterior most acicula; J—aciculae, midbody. Scale bars: A = 500 Μm; D = 200 Μm; B – C = 100 Μm; E – J = 20 Μm.

FIGURE 19. A cotype of Haplosyllis spongiphila. A—anterior parapodium; B—midbody parapodium; C—anterior chaetae, fourth chaetiger; D—anterior chaetae, sixth chaetiger; E—midbody chaeta; F—midbody aciculae. Scale bars: A – B = 100 Μm; C – F = 20 Μm.