Ceratrichiini Grishin, 2019

Cong, Qian, Zhang, Jing, Shen, Jinhui & Grishin, Nick V., 2019, Fifty new genera of Hesperiidae (Lepidoptera), Insecta Mundi 731 (731), pp. 1-56 : 4-5

Ceratrichiini Grishin , new tribe

http://zoobank.org/ FC72EB8A-495D-4439-AA53-C310CD0735DE

Type genus. Ceratrichia Butler, [1870] .

Definition. Placed near the mostly African tribe Astictopterini Swinhoe, 1912, this tribe is a sister to all Hesperiinae except Aeromachini Tutt, 1906. Backed by the maximal statistical support in all trees ( Fig. 1 ), this clade of closely related genera keys to VI.A.(b) or VII.B.(a)(a 1) in Evans (1937). Antennae long, longer than half of costa, 2nd segment of palpi directed up, forewing vein CuA 2 originates in the middle of discal cell, end of discal cell straight, hindwing vein M 2 prominent, originates closer to vein M 1 than M 3, vein CuA 2 originates before or opposite to RS, vein 3A long. Male genitalia simple in most species: uncus undivided (except Herila ), terminally narrows to a point, narrow in lateral view, gnathos either short or lacking, valva 2-3 times longer than wide, without prominent elaborations, may have small teeth on harpe. In DNA, a combination of the following base pairs is diagnostic: aly 1121.3.2:A429G, aly669.27.2:A50G, aly374.13.3:A242T, aly216.78.1:A568C, aly1155.14.6:T406G.

Genera included. Ceratrichia Butler, [1870] , Meza Hemming, 1939 , Herila Larsen and Collins, 2012 , Pardaleodes Butler, 1870 , Ankola Evans, 1937 , and a new genus described below.

Parent taxon. Subfamily Hesperiinae Latreille, 1809 .

Comments. Judging from the genomic trees, this tribe consists of closely related species, but their wing patterns and colors are quite different from each other and may resemble genera outside the tribe. We were not able to find an obvious morphological synapomorphy for the tribe and, as it frequently is the case, the tribe is best diagnosed by DNA characters.

Figures

Figure 1. Genomic trees of representative Hesperiidae. The trees are built from protein-coding regions in different genomic partitions: a) Nuclear genome; b) Z chromosome; c) Mitochondrial genome. The trees are rooted with Pterourus glaucus (NVG-1670), not shown. See Table 1 and Table S1 in the Supplemental file deposited at https:// osf.io/5cfht/?view_only=21eb53b6f8f344afaee3de2be90bf5d2 for additional data about these specimens. Names of species placed in new tribes and subtribes described in this work are highlighted in yellow and clades representing new taxa are colored in red. Clades for tribes and subtribes where species of the new taxa were placed previously are colored in blue and green arrow points from the former taxon to the new taxon (only on nuclear genome tree). Statistical support values are shown by nodes in all but the COI barcode trees. COI barcode NJ dendrogram is given for comparison and is not expected to reflect phylogeny. Subfamilies, tribes and subtribes for species included in the trees are shown to the right of the nuclear tree. Sequenced specimens of the type species of the new tribes and subtribes are illustrated in dorsal (left) and ventral (right) views and indicated by blue arrows