SATURNULIDAE Suzuki, 2021

Suzuki, Noritoshi, Caulet, Jean-Pierre & Dumitrica, Paulian, 2021, A new integrated morpho- and molecular systematic classification of Cenozoic radiolarians (Class Polycystinea) - suprageneric taxonomy and logical nomenclatorial acts, Geodiversitas 43 (15), pp. 405-573 : 468

Family SATURNULIDAE Suzuki , n. fam.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:06AC02CC-EE68-41C9-9567-59445FAA7301

Saturnalinae Deflandre, 1953: 419-420 [nomen dubium]. — Riedel 1967b: 294. — Kozur & Mostler 1972: 30. — Petrushevskaya & Kozlova 1972: 521. — Foreman 1973b: 260. — Nakaseko et al. 1975: 169. — Nakaseko & Sugano 1976: 121. — Riedel & Sanfilippo 1977: 863. — Donofrio & Mostler 1978: 20-22. — De Wever et al. 1979: 79; 2001: 208-209. — Anderson 1983: 37. — De Wever 1984: 16 ( sensu emend. ). — Sanfilippo & Riedel 1985: 590-591. — Takahashi 1991: 78. — Carter 1993: 52. — Dumitrica 1995: 23. — Dumitrica et al. 1997: 18. — Afanasieva et al. 2005: S280. — Afanasieva & Amon 2006: 118-119. — Dumitrica & Zügel 2008: 66.

Saturnalidae – Kozur & Mostler 1972: 30 [nomen dubium] ( sensu emend. ); 1981: 53 [as a subfamily] ( sensu emend. ); 1983: 12 [in Spumellaria ]; 1990: 213-214 [in Spumellaria ]. — Dumitrica 1979: 26; 1984: 101. — Petrushevskaya 1979: 115-116; 1986: 128. — De Wever 1984: 13. — Carter 1993: 51. — O’Dogherty 1994: 248 [in Spumellaria ]. — Dumitrica 1995: 23. — Hollis 1997: 41. — Cordey 1998: 91. — De Wever et al. 2001: 205. — Afanasieva et al. 2005: S279 [in Order Saturnalata ]. — Afanasieva & Amon 2006: 118. — Bragin 2007: 991, 993 [in Spumellaria ]; Bragin 2011: 758.

Saturnalideidae [sic] – Kozur & Mostler 1990: 206 [nomen dubium] (= Saturnalidae ).

TYPE GENUS. — Saturnulus Haeckel, 1879: 705 [type species by monotypy: Saturnulus planeta Haeckel, 1879: 705].

INCLUDED GENERA (CENOZOIC ONLY). — Saturnulus Haeckel, 1879: 705 (=? Saturnalium n. syn.). — Spongosaturninus Campbell & Clark, 1944b: 7 .

NOMINA DUBIA. — Saturnalina , Saturnalis , Saturninus , Spongostylus .

DIAGNOSIS. — Heliosaturnaloidea with an equatorial ring and no polar spines. The ring’s shape is circular to elliptical and elongated in the perpendicular direction to the polar rays. Polar rays flat to elliptical in cross section, or, most frequently, three or four-bladed. Shell spongy to latticed with two layers ( Dumitrica et al. 2010: 287). A dark grey endoplasm fills the microsphere and is also present in the surrounding area.

STRATIGRAPHIC OCCURRENCE. — Early Toarcian-Early Paleocene.

REMARKS

The name “ Saturnalidae ” and “ Saturnalis ” have been widely accepted by the majority of radiolarists. However, it was impossible to retain this name due to the absence of an illustrated type specimen for Saturnalis . The internal spicular system was illustrated for Saturnulus ( Dumitrica 1985: pl. 3, figs 3, 7, 15; van de Paverd 1995: pl. 30, figs 1, 2, 5) and Spongosaturninus ( Dumitrica 1985: pl. 3, fig. 11). A “living” image for Saturnulus was collected and documented from the Bathypelagic zone ( Suzuki & Not 2015: fig. 8.10.16).

VALIDITY OF GENERA

Saturnulus

Real specimens identifiable as the type species of Saturnalium have not been found so far.We simply synonymized Saturnulus and Saturnalium due to the existence of a ring.