Stysiana Grazia, Fernandes & Schwertner, 1999

Barros, Lurdiana D., Barão, Kim R. & Grazia, Jocelia, 2021, Taxonomic updates on the Mecocephala group (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) Redescription of ‘ Hypatropis complex’, with a review of genitalic terminology and new records, Zootaxa 4981 (1), pp. 1-46 : 27-28

Stysiana Grazia, Fernandes & Schwertner, 1999

Stysiana Grazia, Fernandes & Schwertner, 1999: 71–83 ; Frey-da-Silva et al. 2002: 181; Ruschel et al. 2013: 556, 559; Barão et al. 2017: 110; Coscarón, 2017: 232; Silva et al. 2018: 433 .

Type species. Stysiana pardidens Grazia, Fernandes & Schwertner, 1999 .

Diagnosis. Bucculae lobate posteriorly. Posterior margins of pronotum rectilinear. Mesosternum elevate and slightly grooved. Spiracles elliptical. Trichobothria laterally to an imaginary line tangent to the spiracles. Posterior annular flanges thinner in relation to capsula seminalis .

Redescription. Body elliptical ( Figs 143–146 ). General coloration light-brown to orangish-brown. Dorsal surface of body slightly convex, ventral surface of body slightly convex. Dorsal surface of body with dense and dark punctures, ventrally, more concentrated and smaller in sternites. Mandibular plates longer than clypeus; lateral margins of mandibular plates sinuous, elevated in relation to the plan of mesial margins; mesial margins of mandibular plates contiguous in relation to the clypeus, and apically convergent or not. Clypeus wide basally. Proportions of antennomeres: 1> 2 <3> 4 <5; antennomere 2 smaller than 1; antennomere 3 cylindrical and dorsally convex; antennomere 4 conical, slightly flattened dorsally. Bucculae lobate, not reaching the base of head ( Figs 12 , 149 ). Median labium, reaching between the metacoxae ( Figs 19 , 148–149 , 161 , 167 , 172 ). Proportions of labiomeres: 1 <2> 3> 4; labiomere 2 cylindrical. Processes of anterior angles of pronotum obtuse. Anterolateral margins of pronotum convex, with outline concolour to pronotum, evenly punctated and crenulated. Posterolateral margins of pronotum sinuous. Posterior margin of pronotum rectilinear ( Figs 4 , 168 , 173 ). Mesosternum carinate or slightly elevated and metasternum elevated and grooved. Each ostiole of ESES elliptical, each peritreme reaching about 1/3 of the distance to lateral margin of evaporatorium; median furrow of the peritreme variable in species; evaporatorium punctate, reaching more than half of width meso- and metapleuron, and present in a diagonal from mesepimeron to mesepisternum. Each outer margin of metapleural evaporatorium concave. Evaporatorium on mesopleuron reaching its anterior and posterior lateral angles, and the outer margin. Wrinkles of gyrification of evaporatorium variable in species. Metathoracic spiracle wide ( Figs 23, 26 ). Callosity at apex of radial vein pale yellow. Membranal suture sub-rectilinear. Hemelytra not surpassing the apex of abdomen. Connexivum exposed, angles not concolour to dorsal color ( Figs 143–146 , 147 , 160 , 166 , 171 ). Posterolateral angles of sternites not produced. Spiracles elliptical, spiracle of abdominal sternite 2 not covered by metathorax. Mesial area adjacent to spiracles with or without callosity. Trichobothria laterally to an imaginary line tangent to the spiracles.

Male genitalia. Pygophore subrectangular, longer than wide; posterolateral angles quadrate. Middle region of dorsal rim variable. Extension of dorsal rim obsolete. Area between layers of ventral rim excavated, not separated by a carina. Inferior layer of ventral rim with a pair of processes. Segment X “pear-shaped”, carinate ( Figs 36–38 , 151–153 , 175–177 ). Phallus ( Figs 45–47 , 154–157 , 178–181 ): Dorsal connectives of articulatory apparatus longer, surpassing the distal half of phallotheca. Processus capitati longer, reaching phallotheca distal margin. Phallotheca shorter than wide apically; dorsal processes of phallotheca of variable width in species, longer than posterodorsal projection, and curved. Conjunctiva with processes strongly sclerotized, and three pairs of lobes: lateral, median and ventral lobes, membranous. Ductus seminis distalis long, in relation to conjunctiva, convolute.

Female genitalia. Valvifers 8 convex, subequal in length to laterotergites 9, posterior margins sinuous. Valvifers 9 swollen, with posterior margins convex; sclerotized lateral arms attaining the anterior margins of laterotergites 9, and lateral margins with process, partially covering the laterotergites 9, forming a constriction. Mesial margins of laterotergites 9 divergent; posterior margins obtusely projected and surpassing abdominal tergite 8 ( Figs 51 , 158 , 164 , 182 ). Ectodermal ductus ( Figs 54 , 159 , 165 , 170 , 183 ): Proximal ductus receptaculi convoluted, extremely long in relation to vesicular area, diameter variable. Distal ductus receptaculi extremely long, at least three times longer than vesicular area. Anterior annular flange smaller than pars intermedialis and posterior annular flange thinner in relation to capsula seminalis . Capsula seminalis globose, with or without process.

Distribution. Costa Rica (Taboga); French Guyana; Brazil (Amazonas, Pará, and Paraná); Peru (Loreto); Bolivia (Beni) ( Fig. 184 ).

Key to species of Stysiana (adapted from Grazia et al. 1999)

1 Mesosternum conspicuously carinate. Dorsal processes of phallotheca medially narrow. Conjunctiva with two pairs of processes.............................................................................................. 2

- Mesosternum slightly elevate. Dorsal processes of phallotheca wider basally. Conjunctiva with one pair of processes ( Figs 154–157 )................................................................................. S. acarinatis

2 Apices of mandibular plates divergent before clypeus. Posterior margins of laterotergites 8 obtusely projected ( Fig. 164 )........................................................................................... S. meridionalis

- Apices of mandibular plates convergent before clypeus. Posterior margins of laterotergites 8 straight................... 3

3 Outline of anterolateral margins of pronotum punctate ( Figs 166, 168 ). Mesial area adjacent to spiracles without callosity. Genital cup occupying more than half of pygophore length. Middle region of dorsal rim of pygophore notched ( Figs 36–38 ). Dorsal connectives of articulatory apparatus longer, surpassing the distal half of phallotheca. Anterior margins of valvifers 9 straight.......................................................................................... S. pardidens

- Outline of anterolateral margins of pronotum not punctate ( Figs 167, 169 ). Mesial area adjacent to spiracles with callosity. Genital cup occupying less than half of pygophore length. Middle region of dorsal rim of pygophore entire ( Figs 175–177 ). Dorsal connectives of articulatory apparatus shorter, not reaching the distal half of phallotheca. Anterior margins of valvifers 9 concave................................................................................... S. tropicalis

Figures

FIGURE 184. Occurrence records of the species of Stysiana, Luridocimex and Pedinonotus.

FIGURES 143–146. Stysiana Grazia, Fernandes & Schwertner, 1999. Holotype, habitus dorsal. 143: S. acarinatis; 144: S. meridionalis; 145: S. pardidens; 146: S. tropicalis. Scale bars = 1.0 mm.

FIGURES 1–12. Head and pronotum. 1–4: dorsal view; 5–8: detail of anterior angles of pronotum; 9–12: lateral view. 1, 5: Hypatropis inermis; 9: Hypatropis australis; 2, 6, 10: Amauromelpia ussu; 3, 7, 11: Luridocimex wygodzinskyi; 4, 8, 12: Stysiana acarinatis. Abbreviations: aap, anterior angle of pronotum. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 147–159. Stysiana acarinatis Grazia, Fernandes & Schwertner, 1999. 147–148: Habitus dorsal and ventral. 149: Head in lateral view; 150: Pro- and mesosternum, white rectangle showing mesosternum not carinate; 151–153: Pygophore in dorsal, posterior and ventral view; 154–157: Phallus in dorsal, lateral, ventral and posterolateral view; 158: Genital plates in posteroventral view; 159: Female receptaculum seminis and aussenwand. Abbreviations: bc, bucculae; cs, capsula seminalis; pi, pars intermedialis; st, secondary thickenings of valvulae 9; va, vesicular area. Scale bars = 147–148, 151–153, 158–159: 1.0 mm; 149–150: 0.5 mm; 154–157: 0.25 mm. Ductus not preserved.

FIGURES 13–20. Head and pronotum in ventral view and habitus lateral. 13: Hypatropis inermis; 14: Hypatropis rolstoni; 15–16: Amauromelpia ussu; 17–18: Luridocimex wygodzinskyi; 19–20: Stysiana pardidens. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 160–165. Stysiana meridionalis Grazia, Fernandes & Schwertner, 1999. 160–161: Habitus dorsal and ventral; 162: Evaporatorium; 163: Spiracles; 164: Genital plates in posteroventral view; 165: Female receptaculum seminis and aussenwand. Abbreviations: ev, evaporatorium; st, secondary thickenings of valvulae 9; va, vesicular area. Scale bars = 160–161, 163: 1.0 mm; 162, 164–165: 0.5 mm. Ductus not preserved.

FIGURES 166–170. Stysiana pardidens Grazia, Fernandes & Schwertner, 1999. 166–167: Habitus dorsal and ventral; 168: Head in dorsal view; 169: Evaporatorium; 170: Female receptaculum seminis and aussenwand. Abbreviations: st, secondary thickenings of valvulae 9. Scale bars = 166–167, 170: 1.0 mm; 168–169: 0.5 mm. Ductus not preserved.

FIGURES 171–183. Stysiana tropicalis Grazia, Fernandes & Schwertner, 1999. 171–172: Habitus dorsal and ventral. 173: Head in dorsal view; 174: Mesosternum, red rectangle showing mesosternum carinate; 175–177: Pygophore in dorsal, posterior and ventral view; 178–181: Phallus in dorsal, lateral, ventral and posterolateral view; 182: Genital plates in posteroventral view; 183: Female receptaculum seminis and aussenwand. Abbreviations: st, secondary thickenings of valvulae 9. Scale bars = 171–172, 175–177: 1.0 mm; 173–174, 182–183: 0.5 mm; 178–181: 0.25 mm. Ductus not preserved.

FIGURES 21–26. SEM images of external scent efferent system of metasternal glands. 21–26: evaporatorium; 24–26: detail of evaporatorium. 21, 24: Hypatropis sternalis; 22, 25: Amauromelpia ussu; 23, 26: Stysiana acarinatis. Abbreviations: am, anterolateral margin; ev, evaporatorium; ms, mesopleuron; mt, metapleuron; o, ostiole; om, outer margin; per, peritreme; pod, periostiolar depression. Scale bars = 21–23: 500 μm; 24–26: 100 μm.

FIGURES 27–38. Male genitalia. Pygophore in dorsal, posterior and ventral view, respectively. 27–29: Hypatropis inermis; 30–32: Amauromelpia ussu; 33–35: Luridocimex wygodzinskyi: 36-38: Stysiana pardidens. Abbreviations: dr, dorsal rim; ilvr, inferior layer of ventral rim; slvr, superior layer of ventral rim; spp, superior process of pygophore; vr, ventral rim. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 39–47. Generalized scheme of Phallus. 39–41: Generalized scheme of Hypatropis. 42–44: Amauromelpia ussu; 45–47: Generalized scheme of Stysiana. Abbreviations: aa, articulatory apparatus; cj, conjunctiva; dc, dorsal connectives; dpph, dorsal process of phallotheca; mlcj, median lobe of conjunctiva; pc, processus capitati; pcj, process of conjunctiva; pdpph, posterodorsal projection of phallotheca; ph, phallotheca; plppha, posterolateral projection of phallotheca; pve, process of vesicae; vbpph, ventrobasal projection of phallotheca; vlcj; ventral lobe of conjunctiva. Scale bars = 0.2 mm.

FIGURES 48–51. Female genitalia. Genital plates in posteroventral view. 48: Hypatropis australis; 49: Amauromelpia miri; 50: Luridocimex wygodzinskyi: 51: Stysiana pardidens. Abbreviations: la8, laterotergites 8; la9, laterotergites 9; vf8, valvifers 8; vf9, valvifers 9. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.

FIGURES 52–54. Female receptaculum seminis and aussenwand. 52, Hypatropis inermis; 53, Amauromelpia ussu; 54, Stysiana meridionalis. Abbreviations: aaf, anterior annular flange; cs, capsula seminalis; ddr, distal ductus receptaculi; paf, posterior annular flange; pdr, proximal ductus receptaculi; pi, pars intermedialis; la9, laterotergites 9; rs, ring sclerite; tvi, thickening of vaginal intima; va, vesicular area; va9, valvulae 9; vf9, valvifers 9; X, abdominal segment X. Scale bars = 52, 54: 0.5 mm; 53, 1.0 mm.